高考英语语法精讲精练专题 10名词性从句

语法专题十：名词性从句
名词性从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词
性从句列了四项：主语从句、宾语从句 、表语从句和同位语从句。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对名词性从句的考查一般在语法
填空和短文改错中，主要考查 从句引导词的用法。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查名词性从句。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第71题（短文改错）考查了宾语从句的引导词，My uncle is the owner of a restaurant
close to that I live.本句中须将that改为where。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查了名词性从句。
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词可以充当句子的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，因此， 名词
性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。
①What was most important to her was her family.(主语从句)
②I don’t know what you want to say.(宾语从句)
③The good news is that we have won the game.(表语从句)
④The news that we have won the game is true.(同位语从句)
引导名词性从句的关联词：
从属连词
that, because
疑问代词
who, whom,
what,whether,if
whose, which,
疑问副词
when, where ,why,how,
缩合连接
whatever,wh oever,whomever,whicheve
r,however, whenever,wherever
词
关联短语
as if ,as though
注意：连词that在引导名词性从句时无词义，不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，在主 语从句、表语从句和同位语
从句中不能省略，在引导宾语从句时，口语或非正式的文体中常被省去；疑问 代词、疑问副词、缩合连接词以及关
联短语在句中既保留自己的含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。 名词性从句一般都用陈述句的语序，即使从句
．．．
表达的是疑问含义。例如：
①The problem is what he has done to the little boy.
②We all don’t know when he will come.
1. 主语从句
在复合句中作主语的句子叫主语从句
主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who,which,whatever, whoever以及连接副词
how,when,where, why等词引导。例如：
①That he stole a bike was true.
②What he wants to tell us is not clear.
③Who will win the match is still unknown.
④Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
⑤Whether he can pass the exam depends on whether he study hard or not.
⑥Whatever you do is none of my business.
⑦Whoever comes to our library will be welcome.
单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则 用复数形
式。例如：
①Where and when he was born has not been found.
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②When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.
主语从句比较长的时候，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语 从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句
末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词 + 主语从句。例如：
①It is a fact that he has gone abroad.
②It is a pity that you missed the sports meeting last week.
（2）It + be + 形容词 + 主语从句。例如：
①It is obvious that he told a lie.
②It is certain that he will win the game.
（3）It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句。例如：
①It is said that she will come to the party tomorrow.
②It has not been announced when the plane are to take off.
（4）It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句。例如：
①It happened that the meeting was canceled that day.
②It occurred to me that I had forgotten to bring my wallet.
注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (should) +do，常
用的句型是：
It is necessaryimportantnaturalstrangeessential, etc.) that … 例如：
①It’s necessary that you should study hard.
②It is strange that he should say that.
③It is essential that a college student should master at least a foreign language.
2. 宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表 语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的
宾语。例如：
①I want to know what he has told you.
②She always thinks of how she can work well.
③She will give whoever needs help a warm support.
1).由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中 不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。但如从句是并
列句时,第二个分句前的that不 可省。例如：
He has told me (that) he will leave Wuhan and that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
注意:在insist,suggest, advise,decide, demand, desire,require, request,order, command等表示“坚持、
建 议、决定、要求、命令”（“坚决要命”）等意义的动词后，宾语从句中谓语部分常用 虚拟语气，即should+ 动
词原形。例如：
①I insist that she (should) do her work alone.
②The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中用陈述语气。
例如：
①The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.
②The boy insisted that he had not stolen the money.
2).用whether或if引导的宾语从句
whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾 语从句中只能用whether
连接。其它名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中表示“是 否”只用whether. 介词后的宾语从句一
般不用which和if引导，要用whether和 what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等
之后才用。例如：
①I don’t care about whether you have money or not.
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②Everything depends on whether we have enough money.
③He seldom loses his temper except that you make a fool of him.
3).宾语从句中的时态呼应
宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的 谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各
种时态。 例如：
①I know that he studies English every day.
②I know that he studied English last term.
③I know (that) he will study English next year.
④We all know that he has studied English since 1998.
如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去 进行时，
过去将来时等。 例如：
①We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.
②The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．
当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。 例如：
The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.
4).当主句是I We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，
常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。例如：
①We don’t believe that he will win the game.
②I don’t think he will do so.
注意：doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引
导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whetherif
引导的名词性从句。例如：
①I doubt whether he will come tomorrow.
②There is no doubt that he will come tomorrow.
③I am sure that he will win the game.
④I am not sure whether he will win the game.
3. 表语从句
在复合句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。表语从句常放在系动词之后。
引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because引
导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句 。 例如：
①The fact is that we have lost the game.
②That’s just what I want.
③This is where our problem lies.
④That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
⑤It looks as if it is going to rain.
⑥This is because he missed the train by one minute.
注意：当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
4. 同位语从句
在复合句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句用于解释说明其前面的名词的具体内容。
同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope,thought, belief 等，
用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why,
how；连接代词who，what，whose，which也可以引导同位语从句。例如：
①The news that he won the first place was true.
②It is a question how he did it.
③The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.
④We haven’t settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
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⑤I have no idea when she will be back.
⑥The question who should do the work requires consideration.
同位语从句一般紧跟在被解释的名词之后，但有时候也可以分开，将从句放在句末。例如：
①The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.
②Word came that Mr. President would come and inspect our school.
5.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
（1）定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先 行词是修饰关系；同位语从句解释说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是
同位关系。
①The plane that has just taken off is for Paris. （定语从句）
②The fact that he has died is quite clear. （同位语从句）
（2）定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应 的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
常可省略。同位 语从句主要由连词that 引导，在从句中不充当句子成分；
where, when, how, who, whether, what 等连词也可以引导同位语从句，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。
①The news that he told me is true. （定语从句）
②The news that he has just died is true. （同位语从句）

③The problem that we’re facing now is how we can collect so much money. (定语从句)
④The problem how we can collect so much money is hard to solve. （同位语从句）

⑤The question that he raised puzzled all of us. （定语从句）
⑥The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer.（同位语从句）
（3）同位语从句与先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子, 而定语从句则不能。如：
①The idea that we can ask the teacher for advice is wonderful.
（同位语从句）
→The idea is that we can ask the teacher for advice.
②The fact that the earth moves around the sun is known to all. （同位语从句）
→The fact is that the earth moves around the sun.
③Pay attention to the problem how we can protect the wild
animals. （同位语从句）
→The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.
高考英语短文改错及语法填空分析与训练·名词性从句

考点规律分析:名词性从句短文改错改错考点主要涉及从句引导词的误用、 缺失以及多余。语法填空主要涉及
从句引导词的选择。
名词性从句单句改错之真题训练：
1.…but it didn’t matter that I would win or not. (全国卷)
2..(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live
3.(2016·全国Ⅱ)The summer holiday is classmates and I are talking about how to do during the
holiday.
s, I have few friends, I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. (全国卷)
名词性从句单句改错之提升训练：
1. It’s uncertain that the experiment is worth doing.
is hard is to do good all one's life and never do anything bad. the
boy didn't take medicine made his mother angry.
he really means is what he disagrees with us.
we can finish translating the book depends on the time.
is that Lu Xun once lived.
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7. The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us.
8. There is no doubt whether he will come tomorrow.
9. The reason why he was late was because he missed the train by one minute this morning.
he wants to tell us is not clear.
名词性从句单句语法填空之真题训练：
1.(2016·全国Ⅰ，阅读B)We now realize ________ important family is and how important to be near them,
especially when you’re raising children.
2.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读B)Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee
shops.________ finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
3.(2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D)The journey was intended to achieve more than ________Captain Robert Falcon Scott
had done.
4.(2016·北京，29)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is________one can be entirely dust.
5.(2016·四川，七选五)Scientists are still not exactly sure ________genes influence aging, but they
believe that they do.
6.(2016·江苏，21)It is often the case________anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
7.(2015·湖南，26)You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
8.(2015·北京，33)I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.
9.(2015·重庆，8)We must find out ________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
10.(2015·四川，8)The exhibition tells us________we should do something to stop air pollution.
11.(2015·安徽，25)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not________ships are built for.
12.(2014·大纲全国，24)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was
probably around 1565.
学习札记：


参考答案及解析

名词性从句单句改错之真题训练：
改为 whether，whether 与 or not 搭配，表示“是否”
－where 考查从句连词。该句是宾语从句，意为“靠近我住的地方”，that改为where。
→what 考查疑问词的用法。我和同学们正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达what to do，如何用how结构为
how to do sth。
4. that 改为 why，why 引导宾语从句，表示原因
名词性从句单句改错之提升训练：
改为whether 考查宾语从句引导词，whether表示“是否”
改为What，表示“......的事情”，引导主语从句
改为that，引导主语从句，不翻译，无实际意义.
4.第二个what改为that，引导表语从句
改为whether，表示“是否”，引导主语从句
6.第二个that改为where，引导表语从句，其中where作从句的地点状语。
改为that，引导同位语从句。
r改为that，There is no doubt that......意为“毫无疑问”，用that引导同位语从句。
e改为that，that引导表语从句。The reason why ... Iswas that...为固定句式，意为“......的原
因是......”
改为What，引导主语从句，表示“......的事情”
名词性从句单句语法填空之真题训练：
1．how [考查宾语从句的连接词。根据后面的how important可以看出此处也是填how。]
2．whoever [考查名词性主句中的主语从句。句意：无论是谁发现了他们的书，都去那儿，并 记录下他们是在哪
儿发现的书。]
3．what [考查名词性从句，引导词在从句中做had done的宾语，故用what。]
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4．that [考查名词性从句。句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全免于尘埃 。分析句子结构可知is后的表
语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选D ]
5．how [句意：科学家仍然不确定基因是如何影响人的年龄的，但是他们相信会影响。用how最为贴切。]
6．that [考查主语从句的引导词。句意：通常情况下，对于那些坚持希望的人来说，一切皆有可 能。本句中的it
为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分也不缺意义， 故要用that引导。]
7．where [句意：如果你要计划到达某地的最佳路线，你必须首先知 道你想要去哪？where引导宾语从句，在从句
中用作地点状语。]
8．that [句意：我真的相信美来自人的内心。宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词，故用that。]
9．when [句意：我们必须知道他什么时候来，以便我们能给他预定房间。根据后面的so we can book a room for
him可知这里指时间，故用when引导。]
10．why [考查宾 语从句。句意：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要阻止空气污染。宾语从句缺少状语，根据意
义为wh y。]
11．what [句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。该题考查表语 从句。isn't后跟从句作表
语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与fo r连用，表示目的。What在句中既作连接词又作从句
的中for的宾语。]
12．when [考查名词性从句。句意：马铃薯被引入欧洲的确切时间是不确定的，但是大约是在1 565年。根据句意
when引导一个主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语。故填when。]
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