高中英语从句语法总复习

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定语从句
常考知识
在复合句中修饰 名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。通过从句的意思判断先行
词。引导定语从 句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that等和关系副词where，when，w hy
等。
一、非限制性定语从句
记：有逗号的从句，连接词一定不用that。
典型例题
They will fly to Washington,_________ they plan to stay for two or three days.






二、关系代词who，whom，whose引导的定语从句
这类定语从句中，who在从句中用作主语，whom从句中用作宾语，whose从句中用作定语
注意：Whose既可代表人，也可代表物
eg：Do you see the house whose windows are all broken?

三、关系代词that和which引导的定语从句
1、只能用which的情况
（1）介词+which

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（2）非限制性定语从句

2、只能用that的情况
（1）先行词为不定代词（all，nothing，much等）
（2）两个the：先行词为序数词和最高级
（3）人和物同时做先行词时
（4）先行词被the only，the very修饰时

3、“介词+whichwhom”中介词的选择
关系代词前的介词使用时根据与名词前面的动词搭配关系和介词的搭配关系及句子结构上的需要而定。
eg：We`ll never forget the day on which we went camping.



四、关系副词when，where，why引导的定语从句
1、when，where，w hy=介词+which，有时为表达清楚，还可在关系副词where、when前加介词from，
to。
Reason Why= reason for which
2、关系副词和关系代词的比较
记：从句的句子是完整的连接词一定用关系副词
3、高考对关系副词where的考查
高考中对where的考查趋于复杂，先行词由“明显 的地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。Where不能只理解为
表地点，当先行词表示某人物的处境（sit uation），或某事所发展的阶段，或表达某事的某个方面（part，

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point）时都可用where这个关系副词。
例词：Place地点 Case案例 Situation形势 Point点 Top顶点 Position地位 Stage阶段
Occasion场合 Aspect方面…….


五、关系代词as，which的区别
As主要用于as…as；the same as…；such as…等结构中。译为“正如”。
as 引导非限制性的定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，而which均可。
eg：The meeting,which was held in the park,was a success.
eg：The meeting was a success,as was expected.
典型例题
（1）My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.

A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it

（2）The Beatles，________ many of you are old enough to remember,came from Liverpool.

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六、way的特殊用法
The way thatwhich不填 he explained to us was quite simple.
The way thatin which不填 he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.

考点剖析
命题规 律：（1）关系代词的辨析及关系副词的辨析。（2）关系代词的指代情况（3）定语从句的主谓一致
问 题。
例题：

规律总结：定语从句一般考连接词，一般分三步完成。1、判断定 语从句的先行词和理解从句意思。2、看
从句是否完整，完整一定用关系副词。3、不完整的……
（1）*关系代词和关系副词的辨析，判断从句是否完整，完整的连接词一定用关系副词。
eg：This is the farm where he works.
eg：This is the farm which he visits.
*遇到si tuation，part，point，place，period等，一般连接词用where。遇到tim e，age，day等，
一般连接词用when。
*介词后一定不加that，注意介词的判 断。介词+whichwhom（不用who）。关系副词=介词+which
（2）*非限制性定语从句及有逗号的从句，一定不用that（特别注意先行词为整个句子时）。
*which，that的一些特殊用法。
*作宾语的关系代词可省略

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（3）定语从句的两个特殊句型

*Is this school we visited that year?
Is the school we visited that year?
Is this the school we visited that year?



名词性从句
常考知识
一、名词性从句的结构和功能总述
名词性从句包括 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。具有名词性功能。名词性从句主要有四种
从句结构：以t hat引导的从句；以whetherif 引导的从句；以特殊疑问词引导的从句；以what或wh- ever
等连接代词引导的名词性关系从句。


主语从句

宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
作及物动词宾语 作介词宾语
that 一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略
只whetherif（是否） 放于句首时只用whether 用whetherif均可，但有区别 只用whether
用whether 只用whether
特殊疑问词 注意语序要用陈述语序
名词性关系从句 注意语序要用陈述语序
典型例题
（1）Can you tell me ________________(我如何去)get to the railway station?

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（2）These photographs will show you _____________________________(我们村上看上去是什么样子的)。

二、that从句
(一)主语从句
1、that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：
（1）It+be+形容 词
(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderf ul,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable…)+that从< br>句。eg：It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
（2）It+be+名词词组（no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise…）+that从句。
eg：It`s a pity that we can`t go.
（3）It+be+过去分词（said，repo rted,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged…） +that
从句。
eg：It is said that has arrived in Beijing.
（4）It+不及物动词+that从句
eg：It seemshappensappearsturns outdoesn`t matter…that…
注意：
It is（high）time that we got down to work.
It is the first time that I have come to Beijing.
2、that连接词位于句首时，不能省略。
eg：That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.
（二）宾语从句
1、常见的可接that从句作宾语的动词有see，say ，know，imagine，
discover,believe,tell,show,think ,consider,be sure,be afraid…（可省略）。在可以接复合宾语的动词之

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后，如think，make，consider等，可用it做形式宾语。
eg：He has made it clear that he will not give in.
eg：We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.
2、that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，但可作except，in等介词的宾语。
其他介词后需用that时，必须用it作形式宾语。
eg：You may depend on it that I shall always help you.
（三）表语从句
that引导表语从句时，不可省略。
eg：My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o`clock tomorrow morning.
（四）同位语从句
连词that引导的同位语从句，在从句中不担当任何 成分，不省略。应在某些有内容的名词之后，如：fact，
hope，desire，thought ，suggestion，idea，news，problem，possibility等。
eg：There`s a feeling in me that we`ll never know what a UFO is—not ever.





三、whetherif（是否）
（一）在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用wh ether不能用if；当主语从句放于句首时，也只能用whether
不用if；当it作形式主语 ，主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可。
eg：Whether the meeting will be given is still a problem.
eg：It is doubtful whetherif he will come here.

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eg：The problem is whether the meeting will be given.
eg：I have no idea whether the meeting will be given.
（二）在宾语从句中：介词后只用whether，不用if。
eg：I depends on whether you can do the work well.
典型例题
（1）_________we`ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
（2）I am not sure_______ he will come here or not.
（3）This decision will have effect on ______ or not he will succeed.
四、特殊疑问词
（一）主语从句
特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。
eg：It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.
（二）宾语从句
1、能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词很多，常见的有：see，tel l，ask,answer,know,decide,find
out,imagine,sugg est,doubt,wonder,show,discuss,understand,inform,ad vise等.
eg：I can`t imagine how he did it.
eg：They couldn`t understand why I refused it.
2、作介词宾语。
eg：It all depends on how we solve the problem.
eg：We are worrying about what we should do next.
（三）表语从句、同位语从句
eg：The problem is where we should stay.
eg：My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.

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五、名词性关系从句
What是最常用来引导名词性关系从句的关系代词。
what=the things whichthat,whoever=anyone who,whichever=anyoneanything
that,whatever=anything that.
Where=the place where,when=the time when.
（三）表语从句
eg：This is where our problem lies.
eg：Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.
（四）同位语从句
eg：I gave the girl a big doll,exactly what she longed to have.
（五）名词性关系从句还可作宾语补足语
eg：We`ll make him whatever he is fit for.
eg：I`ll call the baby whatever name you like.
eg：He has made the company what it is today.



六、名词性从句的几个难点
（一）wh-ever与no matter wh- 的用法区别，wh-ever放句首句中， no matter wh-放句首
wh- ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
eg：Whatever I said，he wouldn’t listen to me.=No matter what I said，he wouldn’t listen to me.
eg：He would believe whatever I said.

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另外，whoever，whatever，whenever，w herever中，ever起强调作用，意为“究竟、到底”。
（二）as ifas though，because，why也可引导表语从句。
eg：It looked as if it was going to rain.
（三）连词that引导的同位语从句和关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别
1、连词 that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些具有内容的名词之后，如fact，hope，desire，thou ght
等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。只起引导的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，因此that 引导的同
位语从句是完整的。
2、关系代词that引导定语从句时，在定语从句中担当成分 （主、宾），that引导的定语从句时残缺的。
eg：The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.
eg：The news that we heardon the radio was not true.



并列句和状语从句
*并列句
1、表递进关系：and，not only…but also…，neither…nor…，not…but…
2、表示选择关系：常用的并列连接词有or，either…or…，otherwise等。
3、表转折关系：but，yet，whereas，while等。
4、说明关系：so，for。
5、while “而，却”表对比。
典型例题
（1）_______ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.
（2）Follow the doctor`s advice,_______ your cough will get worse.

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（3）He was just going to sleep______ he heard someone shout“Fire！Fire！”.
（4）She is seriously ill,_______she doesn`t give up hope.
（5）He is a good teacher,_______ he is very popular with students.
（6）_______ does he do well in English,but he does well in maths.

*状语从句
时间状语从句
一、when、while、as
1、when既可以引导一个持续动作、也可以引导一个短暂动作。
2、从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
3、连词as可表示“一边…，（一边…）”或“随着…”。
eg：WhenWhileAs I was walking down the steet,I came across an old friend of mine.
二、as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner…
than…，hardlyscarcely…when…和once（一…就…）
eg：The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.
eg：No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
eg：The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
注意：I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

三、till，until，not…until
1、肯定句：主句动词必须是延续性动词，意为|“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。
eg：He remained there until she arrived.

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eg：You may stay here until the rain stops.
2、否定句：主句动词必须是非延续性动词，意为“某动作之道某时间才开始”。
eg：He won`t go to bed tilluntil she returns.
3、till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
eg：Until you told me I had no idea of it.
4、not…until 句型中的强调和倒装用法：
（1）It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调)
（2）Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.（倒装）
典型例题句型转换：
I didn`t leave until she came back.
(1)_______ ________ she came back _______ _______ leave.
(2)_______ _________ not until she came back _______ I ________.

四、before和since
1、若表达“还未…就…；不到…就…；…才…；还没来得及”时，需用连词before。
eg：We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
2、before从句中谓语不用否定式。
eg：Before they reached the station,the train had gone.
3、It will be+一段时间+before…多久之后才…
eg：It will be half a year before I come back.
eg：It won`t be long before we meet again.
4、since从句（一般过去时）的动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的动词（现在完成时或现在完成进行时）< br>时延续性或反复发生的。

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5、在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型。
eg：It is three years since the war broke out.

五、every time，each time,next time,the first time,any time,all the time等，表示“每当…；每次…；
下次…”等。
eg：EveryEach time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.
eg：Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.
eg：The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.

地点状语从句和原因状语从句
一、地点状语从句
1、引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时。
2、注意区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句：
You`d better make a mark where you have any questions.
You`d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.
二、原因状语从句
1、引导的连词有：because，as，since，now that，seeing that，considering that。
Because 主句前或后 直接因果关系 语气强 能回答why
As 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 不能回答why
Sincenow that 主句前 双方都知道的原因
eg：—Why are you absent from the meeting?—Because I am ill.
eg：As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.
eg：Now thatSince everybody is here，let`s begin our meeting.

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2、其他表原因的方式
Because of，thanks to，due to，owing to等。
（for） He doesn’t know about it,for he didn`t see the film.




目的状语从句和结果状语从句
一、目的状语从句
连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case，lest等。
1、 in order that与so that
eg：I`ll speak slowly so that you can understand me.
eg：In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.
2、for fear that,in case和lest
从句中动词要用should+动词原形，本身带有否定意义
eg：The boy hid himself behind the tree in casefor fear that his father should see him.
eg：Take your raincoat in caselest it should rain.
二、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的连词：so that，such that
eg：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.=Mike is so honest a worker that we all
believe him.
当so或such置于句首，主句要用倒装语序。
eg：So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.

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典型例题句型转换：
He is so young that he can`t join the army.
（1）He is_____ _____ ______ to join the army.
（2）He is _____ _____ to join the army.
（3）He is so young _____ _____ _____ join the army.

条件状语从句和方式状语从句
一、条件状语从句
连词有：if，unless，soas long as，in case，on condition that。
eg：You`ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
eg：As long as you don`t loseheart，you will succeed.
eg：In case ther is a fire,what will we do first?
二、方式状语从句
连词：as，as if,as though
eg：Do as you are told to,or you`ll be fired.
eg：The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
eg：I feel as if I have a fever.

让步状语从句和比较状语从句
让步状语从句
1、 althoughthough,even thougheven if
eg：He is unhappy,thoughalthough he has a lot of money.
eg：Althoughthough it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.

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eg：Even thoughif it is raining,we`ll go there.
注意：though作“可是，然而”，句末
eg：He said he would come,he didn`t,though.
2、as或though引导的让步状语从句倒装的情况
eg：Child as he is，he knows a lot.
eg：Much as I like it，I won`t buy it,for it`s too expensive.
3、whether…or…（不管…还是…）；疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词
eg：Whether you believe it or not,it is true.
eg：Whatever you say，he won`t believe you.
eg：Whoever you are，you must obey the rules.
注意：whoever，whatever，whichever等还可引导名词性从句。
eg：You can take whatever you like.
4、while 然而
eg：While I admit that there are problems，I don`t agree that they cannot be solved.
典型例题
(1)I`ll be your true friend, ______ happens.
er matter what
(2)______ I see him, he is busy with his research work..
er matter when
(3)He liked reading very much.______ he went,he took a book with him.
er matter where
(4)______ difficult the problem may be ,I`ll work it out by myself.
r B no matter how

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(5)I won`t let you in,______ you may be.
r matter who
(6)______ leaves the room last should remember to turn off the light.
r matter who
(7)I`m too busy to buy you a present,wo you can use the money I give you to buy ______ you like.
er matter what
(8)I`ll give the ticket to ______ really wants to see the film.
r er matter who

状语从句的紧缩现象
一、时间状语从句中常见的紧缩
Don`t speak until spoken to.
While in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.
二、条件状语从句中常见的紧缩
Come tomorrow if possible.
If so,you must go back and get it.
I`ll buy a TV set if necessary.
三、方式状语从句中常见的紧缩
She stood at the gate as if waiting for someone.
The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though angry.

四、其他状语从句中的紧缩
Though cold，he still wore a shirt.

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Being blind,he couldn`t see anything.
who