寻找近义词-婊子什么意思
第十一讲名词性从句
名词性从句的本质：3种句子充当4种成分
所谓名词性
从句，就是把完整句子当作名词来使用，使之在另一个句子中充当某种成分。
一般来说，名词在句中主要
充当4种成分：主语、宾语、表语和同位语，于是便有了常说的
4种名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、
表语从句和同位语从句。相当于名词作用的句子有
3类：陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。因此，名词
性从句可简单概括为这样一句话：名
词性从句就是用3种句子分别充当另外一个句子的4种句子成分。这
便构成了名词性从句的
本质特征。
名词性从句
的引导词
连词that
连词whetherif
连接代词who，
whom, what，
which, whose；
连接副词
when, where，
why,
how
主语
从句
特殊疑问句
对应的句
子类型
陈述句
一般疑问句
是否作成分
that在从句中不作成分
whether和if在从句中不作
成分
wh
o和what在从句中作主语、
宾语或表语；whom在从句中作宾
语；which在从句中作
主语、表语
或定语；whose在句中作定语。连
接副词在从句中作状语
引导的主语从句
(1)that引导主语从句时，在从句中不作任何成分，也没有词汇意义，但一般不可省略。
That the earth goes around the sun is known to
us all.
众所周知，地球围着太阳转。
(2)that引导主语从句时可用it作形
式主语，that不可省略。常见句式主要有以下几
种：
①It＋be＋形容词(necessary, right, likely, unlikely,
wrong, important, certain,
clear, obvious,
strange, normal等)＋that从句
It isn’t likely that
I should accept such an offer as that.
我不可能接受像那样的帮助。
②It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity, a
shame, good news, a fact, an honour, a wonder,
no wonder等)＋that从句
It’s no wonder that he
didn’t want to go.
难怪他不想去。
③It＋be＋过去分词(said, told, heard, reported,
decided, suggested, advised,
ordered,
remembered, thought, considered, well?known,
announced等)＋that从句
It is decided that the
meeting has been put off until next Monday.
会议被推迟到下周一已经定下来了。
[名师指津] 在“It＋be＋
sugges
tedadvisedorderedrequestedinsistedrequired
...＋that从句”结构中，从
句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It
is suggested that you (should) spend more time in
studying English.
建议你花更多的时间学习英语。
④It＋特殊动词或短语(seem, appear, happen, matter, turn
out, occur to, make no
difference等)＋that从句
It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was
afraid of being alone.
她突然想到乔害怕独自一个人待着。
2．whetherif引导的主语从句
主语从句位于主句谓语动作前，表示“是否”，只能
用whether。若用it作形式主语，
则whether与if可互换。
Whether
we can have clean drinking water lies in what
effective measures will
be taken by the
government about water pollution.
我们能否有干净的饮用水依赖于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。
It’s
uncertain whetherif he’ll come this evening.
他今天晚上是否会来还不确定。
3．wh?类连接词引导的主语从句
wh?类连接词包括连接代词(who, whom, whose, what, whoever,
whomever, whatever
等)和连接副词(when, where, why,
how, whenever, wherever, however等)。
What
Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and
happiness.
芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。
[对点练1]
用适当的连接词填空
①How we understand things has a lot
to do with what we feel.
②It doesn’t matter
whether you turn right or left at the crossing —
both roads
lead to the park.
③It’s no
wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.
④It has not been decided yet who will take
charge of the factory when the boss
is away.
⑤Whoever sets fire to the forest should be
punished.
宾语
从句
引导的宾语从句
that引
导宾语从句时无词义，在从句中不作成分，口语中一般可以省略，但下列情况
下不能省略：
(1)当that从句作介词的宾语时。
I don’t know exactly
where he lives, except that it’s somewhere out in
the
wilds.
他住在哪里我不很清楚，只知道是远离城市的荒野之中。
(
2)动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略，从第二个从
句开始th
at不可省略。
He told me (that) he had to leave and
that he would be back soon.
他告诉我他得离开并且很快就会回来。
(3)宾语从句前有插入语时。
We hope, on the contrary,
that he will stay at home with us.
恰恰相反，我们希望他和我们待在家里。
(4)it作形式宾语的宾语从句。
①一
些动词后的宾语从句有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that引导的
宾语从句后置。常
见的这类动词有find, think, consider, believe, guess,
suppose, make
等。
He has made it
clear that the meeting will not be postponed.
他清楚地表明会议不会被推迟。
②hate, like, dislike,
appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜欢”、“厌恶”的动词以及
一些动词短语see
to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。
I
shall see to it that he is taken good care of when
you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
2．whether与if引导的宾语从句
whether与if引导宾语从句时，在从句中
不作任何成分，但有具体的含义，意为“是
否”。在下列情况下只能用whether而不能用if：
(1)宾语从句中有or not时，只能用whether。
I don’t know
whether or not the report is true.
＝I don’t
know whether the report is true or not.
我不知道这个报道是否是真的。
(2)介词后的宾语从句要用whether，whether可与不定式连用。
It
depends on whether we have enough time.
这取决于我们是否有充足的时间。
They don’t know whether to
go there.
他们不知道是否去那里。
3．连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时既充当句子成分又有具体词义，且不可省略。
Our
teachers always tell us to believe in what we do
and who we are if we want
to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事以及我们自己。
[对点练2] 用适当的连接词填空
①The companies are
working together to create what they hope will be
the best
means of transport in the 21st
century.
②As many as five courses are
provided, and you are free to choose whichever
suits you best.
③Jerry did not regret
giving the comment but felt that he could have
expressed
it differently.
④Only you can
decide which one suits you best.
⑤None of us
knows where these new parts can be bought.
表语
从句
1.通用连接词引导的表语从句
在句中作表语的
从句称为表语从句。表语从句位于系动词之后，引导词有三类：从属连
词只起连接作用，其中if不能引
导表语从句，that一般不能省略；连接代词在从句中作主
语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在从句中
作状语。
I’d like to start my own business —
that’s what I’d do if I had the money.
我愿意自己创业——那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。
The problem is
whether the air pollution can be controlled.
问题是空气污染能否被控制住。
2．其他连接词引导的表语从句
(1)as
ifthough引导的表语从句，有时可用虚拟语气。
The thick smog
covered the whole city. It was as if though a
great black blanket
had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整座城市，好像一个厚厚的黑色毯子扔到它的上面。
(2)because, why引导的表语从句。
?
?
ThisThat
is why ...这那是……的原因
?
?
ThisThat is
because ...这那是因为……
?
He failed.
That is because he didn’t work hard.
他失败了。那是因为他没有努力工作。
[对点练3] 用适当的连接词填空
①A
ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not what ships
are built for.
②Be sure to be with a strong
awareness that you are what you eat!
③Mr.
White is opposed to repairing the old building,
and that’s where I don’
t agree.
④The
problem is how we can improve our reading skills
in such a short time.
⑤What worries us most is
who let out the secret.
同位语
从句
1.同位语从句的连接词
同位语从句在句中作某一名词(news, fact,
idea, desire, suggestion, promise,
information
等)的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从
句的连接词主要有that
, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。在同位语从句中，tha
t
和whether不作成分，that无词义，whether表示“是否”；if不能引导同位语从
句。引
导同位语从句的连接词一般都不能省略。
The report
that he was going to resign was false.
他将辞职的报道是假的。
2．定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句和同位语从句
都可以用来修饰名词，但定语从句用来说明名词的性质、特征、
来源等，先行词在从句中充当某一成分；
而同位语从句则表示名词所表示的具体内容。
The news that our team
won the game excited us all.(同位语从句)
The news
that the radio broadcast this morning is not true
at all.(定语从句)
[名师指津] 凡是同位语从句，都可改为The
factnewsideatruthorderhopesuggestion
thought iswas that ...结构形式，定语从句则不可。
[对点练4]
用适当的连接词填空
①—Is it true that Mike refused an
offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah,
but I have no idea why he did it; that’s one of
his favorite universities.
②The notice came
around two in the afternoon that the meeting would
be
postponed.
③She asked a question why
there was a delay.
④The news that we are
having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
⑤My
question how_I shall get in touch with him has not
been answered.