洪钟-拂尘的拼音
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2013年12月：
段落翻译：
试卷一：中餐
【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被
视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差
别很大。但好的烹
饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养
（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至
关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬
菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。
【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food. In China,
cooking is considered as not
only a skill but
also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is
both delicious and
good-looking. Although
cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in
different
places of China, it is common for
good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and
nutrition
into account. Since food is crucial
to health, a good chef is insistently trying to
seek
balance between cereal, meat and
vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is
delicious
as well as healthy.
试卷二：信息技术
【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technolog
y)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越
来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一
现象大家
持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另
一部分人
认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广
大人民的重视是一件好事。
【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great
importance to the rapidly development
of
Information Technology, some college even set it
as a compulsory course. Regarding
to this
phenomenon, people holding different views. Some
people think it is not
necessary, for students
should learn the traditional curriculum. Another
part of people
think it is a need, because
China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it
is a good
thing that Information Technology
aroused public concern.
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试卷三：茶文化
【真题原文】
你要茶还是咖啡？是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选
咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一
位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用
来治病，在明清（the qing dynasties）期间，茶
馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到
日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料（b
everage）
之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
【翻译答案】’s a question people often asked
when having meal. Most westerners will choose
coffee, while the Chinese would like to
choose
tea. According to legend, tea was discovered by a
Chinese emperor five
thousand years ago, and
then was used to cure disease. During the Ming and
Qing
dynasties, tea houses were all over the
country. Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th
century, but it was not until the 18th century
does it spread to Europe and America.
Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular
beverage in the world, and it is not only the
treasure of China but also an important part
of Chinese tradition and culture.
试卷四：中国结
【真题原文】中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已
经
成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要
是用于装饰的目
的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为
礼物交换或作为饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这
种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经
在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
【翻译答案】The Chinese knot was originally invented
by the craftsmen. After
hundreds of years of
continuous improvement，it has become a kind of
elegant and
colorful arts and crafts. In the
ancient times，people used it to record the
events，but
now it was used mainly for
decorative purposes. In Chinese, the knot means
love,
marriage and reunion, and is often a
jewelry used for gift exchange or praying for good
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luck and
warding off evil spirits. This form of handicrafts
pass down from generation
to generation, and
then it has become increasingly popular in China
and around the
world.
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化
京剧 Peking opera
秦腔 Qin opera
功夫Kungfo
太极Tai Chi
口 技 ventriloquism
木偶戏puppet show
皮影戏 shadowplay
折子戏 opera highlights
杂技 acrobatics
相声 witty dialogue
comedy
刺绣 embroidery
苏绣 Suzhou
embroidery
泥人 clay figure
书法
calligraphy
中国画 traditional Chinese painting
水墨画 Chinese brush painting
中国结
Chinese knot
中国古代四大发明 the four great
inventions of ancient China
火药 gunpowder
印刷术printing
造纸术 paper-making
指南针 the compass
青铜器 bronze ware
瓷器
porcelain; china
唐三彩 tri-color glazed
pottery of the Tang Dynasty
景泰蓝cloisonne
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秋千swing
武术 martial arts
儒家思想Confucianism
儒家文化
Confucian culture
道教 Taoism
墨家Mohism
法家 Legalism
佛教 Buddhism
孔子
Confucius
孟子 Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu
庄子 Chuang Tzu
墨子 Mo Tzu
孙子Sun Tzu
象形文字 pictographic characters
文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the
Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick,
paper,
and ink stone)
《大学》The Great
Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius
《孟子》The
Mencius
《孙子兵法》The Art of War
《三国演义》Three Kingdoms
《西游爷己》Journey to the
West
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions
《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes
《山海经》The Classic
of Mountains and Rivers
《资治通鉴》History as a
Mirror
《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals
《史记》Historical Records
《诗经》The Book of Songs
《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes
《礼记》The Book of Rites
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《三字经》Three-character Scriptures
八股文 eight-
part essay
五言绝句 five-character quatrain
七言律诗 seven-character octave
旗袍 cheongsam
中山装 Chinese tunic suit
唐装 Tang suit
风水
Fengshui; geomantic omen
阳历 Solar calendar
阴历 Lunar calendar
闰年 leap year
十二生肖zodiac
春节 the Spring Festival
元宵节 the Lantern Festival
清明节 the Tomb-
sweeping Day
端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival
中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day
重阳节 the Double-
ninth Day
七夕节 the Double-seventh Day
春联
spring couplets
庙会 temple fair
爆竹
firecracker
年画（traditional) New Year pictures
压岁钱 New Year gift-money
舞龙dragon dance
元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings
花灯
festival lantern
灯谜 lantern riddle
舞狮 lion
dance
踩高跷 stilt walking
赛龙舟 dragon boat
race
胡同hutong
山东菜 Shandong cuisine
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川菜 Sichuan cuisine
粤菜 Canton
cuisine
扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine
月饼 moon
cake
年糕 rice cake
油条 deep-fried dough
sticks
豆浆 soybean milk
馒头 steamed buns
花卷 steamed twisted rolls
包子 steamed
stuffed buns
北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck
拉面
hand-stretched noodles
馄饨 wonton (dumplings
in soup)
豆腐 tofu? bean curd
麻花 fried
dough twist
烧饼 clay oven rolls
皮蛋
100-year egg; century egg
蛋炒饭 fried rice with
egg
糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks
火锅hot pot
长城 the Great Wall of China
烽火台 beacon
tower
秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor
Qinshihuang
兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses
大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda
丝绸之路the Silk
Road
敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes
华清池 Huaqing Hot
Springs
五台山
九华山 Jiuhua Mountain
蛾眉山Mount Emei
泰山 Mount Tai
黄山 Mount
Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain
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故宫 the
Imperial Palace
天坛 the Temple of Heaven
午门 Meridian Gate
大运河 Grand Canal
护城河the Moat
回音壁Echo Wall
居庸关
Juyongguan Pass
九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall
黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi
十三陵
the Ming Tombs
苏州园林 Suzhou gardens
西湖 West
Lake
九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley
日月潭 Sun Moon
Lake
布达拉宫Potala Palace
鼓楼 drum tower
四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex
孔庙
Confucius Temple
乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha
十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha
喇嘛Lama
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会
多元文化论
cultural pluralism
文化适应 acculturation
社会保障 social security
班车 shuttle bus
相定迁户 a relocated unit or household
大龄青年
single youth above the normal matrimonial age
独生子女 the only child in a family
单亲 single
parent
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福利彩票 welfare lotteries
家政服务 household management service
民工
migrant laborers
名人 celebrity
农村剩余劳动力
surplus rural laborlaborers
青春期 puberty
全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign
全国人口普查
nationwide census
社会保险 social insurance
暂住证 temporary residence permitcard
青少年犯罪
juvenile delinquency
性骚扰 sexual harassment
走私 smuggling
*性另歧视 gendersexual
discrimination
年龄歧视 age discrimination
工作歧视 job discrimination
享乐主义hedonism
文盲 illiteracy
贫富分化 disparity between the
rich and the poor
盗版 piratedillegal copies
一国两制 One Country, Two Systems
三个代表 the
Three Represents Theory
两会（人大、政协）Two
Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)
南南合作 South-South
Cooperation
南北对话 North-South Dialog
人大常委会
People’s Congress Standing Committee
法制观念
awareness of law
法制国家 a country with an
adequate legal system
改革开放 reform and opening-
up
公务员 civil servants
官僚主义作风 the
bureaucratic style of work
和谐并存 harmonious
coexistence
计划生育 family planning
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计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of
family planning
4青才申文明建设 the construction of
spiritual civilization
居委会 neighborhood
committee
科教兴国 national rejuvenation through
science and education
可持续发展 sustainable
development
廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency
两岸关系 cross-straits relations
两岸谈判 cross-
straits negotiations
领 土完整 territorial
integrity
民族精神 national spirit
普选制
general election system
求同存异 seek common
ground while shelving differences
人大代表NPC
member
物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual
civilization
小康社会 a well-off society
小康水平
a well-off standard
一个中国原则 the one-China
principle
与时俱进 keep pace with the times
综合国力 overall national strength
共同愿望common
desire
“走出去”（战略）going global
不结盟 non-
alignment
单边主义 unilateralism
多边政策
multilateralism
多极世界 multipolar world
人 口
老龄化 aging of population
人口出生率birth rate
社区月服务 community service
道德法庭 court of
ethics
盗用公款embezzlement
成人夜校 night school
for adults
在职进修班 on-job training courses
政治思想教育 political and ideological education
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毕业生分酉己 graduate placement;
assignment of graduate
充电 update one’s
knowledge
初等教育 elementary education
大学城
college town
大学社区 college community
高等教育
higher education
高等教育“211 工程” the “211
Project” for higher education
高等学府 institution
of higher education
综合性大学 comprehensive
university
文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts
理工科大学 college university of science and
engineering
师范学院 teachers’ college; normal
college
高分低能 high scores and low abilities
高考(universitycollege) entrance examination
高校扩招 the college expansion plan
教育界
education circle
教育投入 input in education
九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education
考研
take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools
课外活动 extracurricular activities
必修课
requiredcompulsory course
选修课
electiveoptional course
基础课 basic courses
专业课 specialized courses
课程表 school
schedule
教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus
学习年限 period of schooling
学历 record of
formal schooling
学分 credit
启发式教学
heuristic teaching
人才交流 talent exchange
人才战 competition for talented people
商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC)
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适龄儿重入学率
enrollment rate for children of school age
升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a
higher grade; enrollment
rate
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济
总需求 aggregate demand
总供给 aggregate supply
企业文化
corporateentrepreneurial culture
企业形象
corporate image (Cl); enterprise image
跨国公司
cross-national corporation
创业精神
enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit
外资企业
foreign-funded enterprise
猎头公司head-hunter
假日经济 holiday economy
人力资本human
capital
航空和航天工业aerospace industry
飞机制造工业aircraft industry
电子工业 electronic
industry
汽车制造工业 car industry
娱乐业
entertainment industry
信息产业 information
industry
知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive
industry
国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized
state-owned enterprises
轻工业 light industry
博彩业 lottery industry
制造业
manufacturing industry
垄断行业 monopoly
industries
市场多元化 market diversification
市场经济 market economy
市场监管 market
supervision
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购买力 purchasing power
熊市 bear market
牛市 bull market
城镇化
urbanization
房地产 real estate
首付 down-
payment
业主 home owner
个人购房贷款 individual
housing loan
经济全球化 economic globalization
经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ)
经济增长
economic growth
泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff
纳税人tax payer
宏观经济macro economy
货币投放量
the size of money supply
流动性过剩excess
liquidity
经济过热 overheated economy
通货膨胀inflation
抑制通货膨胀curb inflation
注入流动性 to inject liquidity
贴现率 discount
rate
存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)
公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO)
逆回购
reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo
引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs
to a lower level
稳健的货币政策prudent monetary
policy
微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy
硬着陆 hard landing
软着陆 soft landing
二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O)
财政部长 Finance
Minister
全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target
for the whole year
经济活力 economic vitality
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大规模经济刺激计划 a
massive economic stimulus package
结构改革
structural reform
硬资产 hard assets
软资产
soft assets
有形资产 tangible assets
经济走廊 economic corridor
整顿市场秩序 to rectify
the market order
反垄断 antitrust; anti-
monopoly
定价浮动 price fluctuations
谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit
债务审计audit of
debt
地方性政府债务 local government debtliability
公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance
system
债务管理 debt management
信用支持
credit support
模拟题：
剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。
中国剪纸有_千
五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing
Dynasties)特别流行。人
们常用剪纸美化居家环境。特别是在
春节和婚庆期间，剪纸被用来装饰门窗和
房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。
剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国
剪纸在世界各地
很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
参考译文
Paper
cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional
folk arts. Chinese paper
cutting has a history
of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread
particularly during the
Ming and Qing
Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with
paper cuttings.
During the Spring Festival and
wedding celebrations, in particular, paper
cuttings are
used to decorate doors，windows
and rooms in order to enhance the joyous
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】
atmosphere. The
color most frequently used in paper cutting is
red, which symbolizes
health and prosperity.
Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the
world and it is
often given as a present to
foreign friends.
中医(Chinese
medicine)是世界医学的遗产。中医有比西方医学
更好的治病
方法。因为中医的效果和医治方式，在世界上中医现在
越来越流行了。中医起
源于古代，巳经发展了很长一段时间，它收
集了治疗不同疾病的各种方法。传
统中医讲究人们身体系统的平衡。
这是说，_旦人的身体系统平衡，疾病就会
消失。身体系统的损害 是疾病的根源。
参考译文
Chinese medicine is a heritage of
world medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine
has a power to heal people better than the
western ones. China medicine now is more
and
more popular in the world due to its effect and
its way to heal people. Originated
from the
ancient time，the Chinese medicine has developed in
a long time and it has
collected vari?ous ways
to treat different illness. The traditional
Chinese medicine pays
attention to the balance
the body system of people. It is said that once
the system of
people is in balance, the
illness will disappear. The damage of the body
system is the
source of disease.
大熊猫(Giant Pandas),作为中国的国宝，被认为是活化石。中
国大熊猫主要
生活在中国中西部和西南部，是目前濒临灭绝的物种。
换句话说，中国大熊猫
的故乡是四川。四川成都大熊猫繁育和研究中心(Chengdu Panda
Breeding and
Research Centre)
大熊猫的家，是市区附近最大的大熊猫基地。
Giant Pandas,
regarded as a national treasure of China, are
considered a living fossil.
Chinese Pandas
mainly lives in central-western and southwest
China，and is currently an
endangered species.
In other words, the hometown of Chinese panda is
Sichuan. And
Chengdu Panda Breeding and
Research Centre in Suchuan — home of the Panda is
the biggest panda base near the urban
district.
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在中国，小学教育需要花费12年的时间来完成，分为小学、初中和高中三
个阶段。小学教育持
续5年或6年。在初中阶段，大多数学生上3年制初中，
极少数上4年制。几乎98％的学生在前一种学
校入学。在小学和初中的9年教
育属于义务教育。普通高中教育持续3年时间，在整个义务教育阶段，学
生要
求在每学期未参加期末考试。
参考译文
In China,
primary and secondary education takes 12 years to
complete, divided
into primary, junior
secondary and senior secondary stages. Primary
education lasts
either five or six years. At
junior secondary stage, most have three-year
schooling with
any part of four-year. Almost
98 percent of students are enrolled in the former
schools.
The nine-year schooling in primary
and junior secondary schools belongs to
compulsory education. General senior secondary
education lasts for three
years. Throughout
the whole process of compulsory education,
students are required to
take final
examinations at the end of each semester.
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