2010年成人高考专升本英语复习资料

第一节 概 念

一、开音节

以 发音的元音字母结尾、以“元音字母+不发音的e”结尾、以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)+不发音 的e”结尾的音节都叫开音节。

如：no， be， note.

★发音的元音字母：a， e， i， o， u

二、闭音节

以“一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)”结尾的音节叫闭音节。

如：map， plan， west.

三、r音节

以“元音字母+r”构成的音节叫r音节。

如：car， doctor， teacher， dirty.

元音字母在非重读音节中的读音比较复杂，见下表：

重读r音节读音比较固定，如：

二、辅音字母的读音规则

三、常见字母组合的读音规则

*s构成名词复数、动词一般现在时第三个人称单数时，在清辅音后读s，如helps, asks;
在元音、浊辅音后读z， 如knives, shows, plans；
在s,z,?,t?,d?后读iz，如faces, rises, brushes, watches, urges。




四、考点测验
1. A. admire B. against C. anxious D. announce
2. A. watch B. catch C. match D. snatch
3. A. energy B. engineer C. encourage D. entrance
4. A. practice B. possible C. physical D. Pacific
5. A. official B. observe C. obey D. obviously

6. A. subject B. succeed C. supply D. suppose
7. A. cloudy B. captain C. certain D. cotton
8. A. league B. tongue C. guess D. guest
9. A. honor B. however C. handsome D. harmful
10. A. knock B. knowledge C. kilometer D. knee



11. A. strong B. English C. finger D. longer
12. A. season B. serious C. promise D. advise
13. A. umbrellas B. victories C. workshops D. vegetables
14. A. pollutes B. pronounces C. prepares D. persuades
15. A. example B. explain C. expensive D. excuse

16. A. apology B. especially C. yard D. February
17. A. school B. machine C. technical D. character
18. A. where B. while C. whole D. white
19. A. both B. thin C. this D. think
20. A. three B. those C. thank D. theatre



21. A. liberation B. suggestion C. attention D. education
22. A. warm B. armful C. party D. harvest
23. A. call B. calm C. talk D. walk
24. A. steal B. real C. reality D. meal
25. A. wheat B. cheat C. treat D. sweat

26. A. percent B. permit C. person D. persuade
27. A. friend B. field C. handkerchief D. achieve
28. A. eight B. weight C. height D. neighbour
29. A. boot B. choose C. soon D. stood
30. A. corn B. sport C. horse D. worse



31. A. country B. touch C. mouth D. double
32. A. about B. could C. account D. shout
33. A. known B. shown C. thrown D. brown
34. A. own B. follow C. know D. knowledge
35. A. fear B. dear C. heard D. near

36. A. pleasure B. pressure C. measure D. treasure
37. A. reported B. watched C. depended D. wounded
38. A. weighed B. washed C. warned D. wondered
39. A. swim B. sweet C. sweat D. sword
40. A. spare B. prepare C. stare D. are



五、语音考试样题―― 样题一
Directions:
In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A, B, C and D. Compare the underlined parts and identify the one that is
different from the others in pronunciation. Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET.

1. A. back B. safely C. table D. strange
2. A. rare B. square C. care D. are
3. A. taught B. caught C. laughter D. daughter
4. A. white B. whisper C. whose D. wheel
5. A. kick B. resist C. silver D. April



6. A. anxious B. answer C. angry D. angle
7. A. cover B. crop C. create D. cycle
8. A. dumb B. establish C. debt D. doubtful
9. A. easy B. reply C. simply D. highly
10. A. express B. extra C. expert D. export

五、语音考试样题―― 样题二
1. A. neighbour B. height C. weight D. eighty
2. A. bathroom B. eleventh C. breathe D. maths
3. A. lecture B. recognize C. level D. recent
4. A. put B. push C. public D. pull
5. A. comfortable B. possible C. horrible D. constant



6. A. climb B. mind C. sign D. print
7. A. measure B. health C. theatre D. ready
8. A. hall B. shall C. fall D. small
9. A. pleasure B. visitor C. raise D. physics
10. A. flow B. plow C. slow D. yellow

五、语音考试样题―― 样题三
1.A. deal B. deaf C. weak D. beat
2. A. liberate B. liquid C. limit D. lively
3. A. social B. officer C. percent D. Pacific
4. A. childhood B. chicken C. character D. chairman
5. A. worst B. horse C. northern



6. A. hospital B. honour C. hotel
7. A. manage B. matter C. madam
8. A. gather B. government C. geography
9. A. said B. laid C. gain
10. A. light B. fright C. daughter



D. sort
D. however
D. many
D. garden
D. pain
D. cough

★大纲上给了3000个常用单词，平时读的时候注意发音

词汇与语法

40个小题，共40分。

从2002，2003年的考题看，语法占20――25分。

第一节 名 词(null)

大纲要求掌握：

一、可数名词与不可数名词

二、可数名词的复数形式

三、名词的所有格

四、名词在句子中的作用

一、可数名词与不可数名词

名词分可数与不可数两种。

可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table， country.

或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如 family， people， committee， police.

不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air， tea， furniture， water.

或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work， information， advice， happiness.
有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词，在另一种场合下是不可数名词。
如room 房间(可数)，空间(不可数)
time 时间(不可数)，次数(可数)
fish 鱼(不可数)，各种各样的鱼(可数)
比较下列例句：
There are nine rooms in the house. (房间，可数名词)
There isn't enough room for us three in the car . (空间，不可数名词)
不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。
如： 一块肉 a piece of meat
两条长面包 two loaves of bread
三件家具 three articles of furniture
一大笔钱 a large sum of money
二、可数名词的复数形式
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下：

1.一般情况下在名词后加-s.如：girls， books.
★浊辅音、元音结尾，s发[z]
2.以s， x ， ch， sh结尾的词在名词后加- es.如：glasses， boxes， matches， bushes.
★以s， x ， ch， sh结尾，es发[iz]
3.“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i再加- es.如：city-cities， country-countries.
4.以o结尾的词多数加-es.如：heroes， tomatoes， potatoes.
radios， zoos， photos， pianos， kilos 例外。
5.f， fe 结尾的词，多数变f，fe为v再加-es.如：thief-thieves， leaf- leaves， half-halves， life-lives， wife-wives， knife-knives.
少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如：man-men， woman- women， foot-feet， tooth-teeth， child-children， mouse-mice.
★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。
个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses， Japanese， sheep， deer.
三、名词的所有格
名词的所有格表示所属关系， 起形容词的作用。
当名词表示有生命的东西时，所有格一般是在词尾加 's .
如：Jean's room， my daughter-in-law's friends， my daughters- in-law's friends， children's books.

如果名词已经有了复数词尾s， 则只需加'.如：the teachers' books， my parents' car.
时间名词的所有格在后面加's ，复数加' .如：today's newspaper， five minutes' walk.
当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由“of”短语构成。
如：the top of the world， the cover of the book， China's capital.
加 's 或 ' 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。
如：the grocer's， the tailor's， the Smith's .
★名词所有格考试常见部分是
名词表示没有生命的东西时，不能直接在其后加's.
时间名词所有格在其后加's，或复数名词后直接加'.
四、名词在句子中的作用
名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语，有时可以作状语。
名词、代词或其他结构作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。
1.主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
All roads lead to Rome.(条条大路通罗马。)
His brother is an industrial engineer.

The number of the students attending the party is increasing.
★the number of 表示数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。
Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.
★two-thirds 三分之二
几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。
belong to 属于某人
Both of us are studying English.
★总结：在名词作主语时，the number of 谓语动词单数形式;
几分之几，谓语单数形式;
both 谓语使用复数形式。
2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。
All the money he received was given to his mother.
Forgetting the past means betrayal.
What we are talking now is useless.
3.主语部分若有as well as， with， together with， like， but， except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。

Mary， as well as her two sisters， is a student of this school.
(as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语，主语 Mary 是单数，所以谓语动词用复数形式)
No one except my friends knows anything about it.
4.表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单 数形式。“…+(×)…=…”算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。
Three times two is six.
Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看)
， neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Neither of us has been to Italy.
Has either of them been to Shanghai?
none代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可 数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。
None of the students havehas seen the film.
None of the money belongs to me.
6.主语由either…or， neither…nor， not only…but also连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。
Not only you but also I am wrong.
Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.

Either you or she is to do the work.
7.主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。
The bread and butter is nice.
8.主语前有many a， more than one修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Many a book has been read by the students.
★many a book=many books
More than one person has been to the Great Wall.
9.集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。
The committee meets once a year. (作为整体)
The committee are having a meeting now. (作为独立个体)
People， police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The police have come to arrest him.
名词部分考试重点
1、可数名词与不可数名词里，哪几个词是不可数名词。
2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式，单、复数相同的名词。

3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加's，复数加'.
4、名词在句中的作用，重点掌握刚才的9点。
考点测试
days ______ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesn't need any more.
A. is B. has been C. was D. had been
ten days 作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式。(注意时态)
答案 A
2. Now， many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs， for example， before the names of ______ in business letters.
A. woman manager B. women manager C. woman managers D. women managers
names 是复数形式，其后的名词肯定是复数。
两个名词变为复数，两个都要变。
答案 D
3. The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _____ to fifteen.
A. have increased B. has increased C. is increased D. are increasing
the number of 谓语动词用单数。

答案 B
4. Neither John nor his father _______ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.
A. was B. were C. would be D. have been
neither……nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。
答案 A
5. The room is eight _______ long.
A. foot B. foots C. feet D. feets
foot 英尺，复数形式 feet
答案 C
6. When autumn comes， the ______ of trees begin to fall.
A. leafs B. leafes C. leaves D. leaf
leaf 的复数形式 leaves
答案 C
7. The flood has done _____ to this area.
A. damages B. many damages C. much damage D. damaging

8. Not only the students but also their teacher ______ at the meeting.
A. was present B. were present C. have been presented D. has been presented
not only…… but also 谓语动词与相邻名词一致。
present 呈现，介绍
答案 A
9. One of the things she wrote about ______ life on a small farm at the beginning of the century.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
one of 谓语用单数。
答案 B
10. Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _____ college education.
A. receive B. receives C. have received D. have been received
one out of 谓语用单数形式。
答案 B
11. Never before ______ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man.
A. has B. have C. will D. would

never before开头，句子倒装。
主语so many people为复数。
engage in doing sth. 忙于做某事。
答案 B
12. At the bus stop _______ a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina.
A. were B. was C. is D. sits and waits
主语 a soldier and two young people为复数
答案 A
13. There ______ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream.
A. goes B. go C. gone D. was gone
主语 the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream复数
答案 B
14. Mr. Brown， and not I ， ________ chosen to be the representative of the class.
A. is B. am C. are D. have been
主语

答案 A
15. The teacher， as well as a number of students， _______ to attend the party.
A. ask B. asks C. was asked D. were asked
谓语动词与as well as前面的名词一致。
答案 C
16. The hostess together with the guests of honor ________ comfortably in the living room.
A. was seated B. seated C. were seated D. were seating
谓语与 together with 前的名词一致
be seated 就坐
Please be seated ladies and gentlmen.
Seat the boy next to his brother.
答案 A
17. The father， rather than the brothers， _______ responsible for the accident.
A. is B. are C. have been D. has
主语 the father ，单数

be responsible for 对……负责
答案 A
18. Either Carol or Grace ______ to the concert， but one of them has to stay home.
A. is coming B. are coming C. will coming D. have come
either……or 谓语动词与临近主语一致。
答案 A
19. The total amount of money ______ 100 dollars.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
money 不可数名词，谓语动词单数。
答案 A
20. Great quantities of fish _____ on high seas.
A. is caught B. are caught C. catch D. is catching
quantities 复数形式
答案 B
21. Either of the young ladies _____ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin.

A. is B. are C. has D. have
either打头，谓语动词单数。
答案 A
22. Having studied your report carefully， I am convinced that neither of your solutions _____ correct.
A. are B. is C. had D. will
neither 两者都不，谓语动词单数。
答案 B
23. In some countries each of the citizens ______ to decide government policies.
A. helps B. help C. are helped D. is helped
each 每一个，谓语动词单数。
答案 A
24. The nurse added_____ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take.
A. some sugar B. some sugars C. a sugar D. sugars
suger 不可数名词
答案 A

take medcine 吃药

25. “I like your furniture very much.”

“Thank you. We bought ____ in Beijing.”

A. the most of them B. the most of it C. most of them D. most of it

furniture 不可数名词

答案 D

26. Jim was upset last night because he had to do too______.

A. many homework B. a few homeworks C. few homeworks D. much homework

homework 不可数名词

答案 D

27. I'm going away for a ______.

A. holiday of a week B. week holiday C. holiday week D. week's holiday

表示时间的名词所有格可以在其后加's .

答案 D

第二节 冠 词(1-4~2-2)

大纲要求：
1、不定冠词的基本用法
2、定冠词的基本用法
3、不加冠词的基本规则以及冠词的习惯用法
冠词是一种虚词，只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不冠词(a或an)两类，定冠词表示特指，不定冠词表示泛指。
a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面，an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。
如：a university， a useful book， an umbrella， a horse， an honest man.
一、不定冠词的基本用法
1.表示“一”的含义。
Give me a pen please.
We go shopping twice a week.
2.泛指某个人或东西。
Yesterday we visited an English secondary school.
She picked up a magazine and began to read.

3.表示一类人或东西。
He works as a language teacher in that university.
As a writer， he is successful.
Even a child can answer this question.
可数名词单数出现，泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。
二、定冠词的基本用法
1.表示特定的人或东西。
Give me the magazine.
Have you decided on the prices yet?
The book on the table is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
2.复述前文提到的人或东西。
Last week， I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle- aged people.
The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing.
3.用于形容词前面，代表一类人或东西。

the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受伤的人
the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 the old 老年人
the young 年青人
4.用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。
the moon， the sun， the earth
The moon moves aroud the earth.
We have friends all over the world.
Don't build castles in the air.
5.用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面，副词最高级前面的the 可以省略。
January is the first month of the year.
The sun rises in the east.
Japan lies to the east of China.
Beijing lies in the north of China.
Ireland lies on the Great Britain.
At the Children's Palace， some children learn to play the piano， others learn to play the violin.

Last week we went to the theatre.
Among the three girls she speaks English the best.
“东、南、西、北”作副词时，前面不加冠词。
We are walking south.
形容词最高级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。
Monday is my busiest day.
6.用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。
The Lius have moved to Guangzhou.
The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.
7.不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词，但若有限制性定语修饰，或表示特定部分、特定内容时，前面需加定冠词。
Drink some water.
Is the water in the well fit for drink?
What do you think of the music?
He can't take the advice his mother gives him.
三、不加冠词的基本规则

1.季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。
If winter comes can spring be far behind?
We have few classes on Sunday.
10.1 is National Day.
2.表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词前通常不加冠词，但乐器前需加定冠词。
What did you have for lunch?
Dinner is ready.
Let's go and watch them play chess.
My elder brother likes to play football.
The boys are learnig to play the guitar.
play the piano
play the violin
3.有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。
at noon at night at dawn at midnight in the morning
in the afternoon in the evening in the daytime in town

in front of (at the back of) at distance (in the distance)
as a whole on the whole to catch cold to have a cold
冠词考试重点
冠词所占比例不大，一般是1分或2分。
1、什么时候加定冠词。
2、可数名词单数出现，必须用a或an或定冠词修饰，不能单独出现。
3、什么情况下，不用加冠词。
冠词易考：
1、冠词修饰名词。
Please go _____ upstairs after you have finished the lunch.
upstairs是副词，前面不需要加冠词。
2、可数名词单数泛指，前面加不定冠词。an用于读音以元音开头的单词前。
Reading English story books is a good way of improving your English.
I have been waiting for him for half an hour.
3、名词特指时，前面加定冠词。

He is enjoying his stay in Denmark， but has some difficulty with the language.
Is the water from the tap fit for drink?
4、可数名词的复数和不可数名词泛指，前面不加冠词;大部分专有名词前也不加冠词。
As we know， the most dangerous enemies are those who pretend to be friends.
They left for work after supper.
The film includes some recently discovered newsreels of World War II .(the Sencond World War)
5、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。
Without any news from Tom for a long time， his father left for Shanghai to see him.
They will travel by air.
I will help you for the sake of your sister.(for the sake of 因为)
I will go to school on foot.
My mother is in hospital.
He has been in prison for two years.
典型例题
1. ______ film includes some recently discovered newsreels of _______ World War II.

A. The; the B. A; the C. The; D. A;
World War II是专有名词
答案：C
2. Can you play _____?
A. piano B. pianos C. a piano D. the piano
答案：D
3. “You've been very busy lately.”
“So busy I haven't had time to clean my house. There is _____ wherever you look.”
A. dust B. a dust C. the dust D. dusts
dust 是不可数名词
答案：A
4. The station? Take the second turning _______.
A. to left then go straight on B. on the left， then go straight on
C. to left， then go right forward D. to the left， then go right forward
on the left 在左边

答案：B
5. My mother usually has _____ bed.
A. the breakfast B. breakfast in
C. the breakfast in the D. breakfast in the
in bed 躺在床上
答案：B
in the bed 在床里面
6. He stole the money and they put him _________.
A. at prison B. at the prison C. in prison D. in the prison
in prison 进监狱
答案：C
7. Even on Sundays， fewer people go to ______ church than before.
A. the B. a C. D. that
go to church 去教堂 go to school 去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to college 去大学
答案：C

8. _________ look much alike.
A. Smith's sisters B. Smith sisters C. Two Smith sisters D. The Smith sisters
表示一家人，前面加 the
答案 D
第三节 代 词
（2-2~3-3）

包括
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。
一、人称代词
人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称和单数、复数之分，在句子中可以作主语和宾
语。英语中有下列人称代词：

在并列的主语或宾语中，I或me 通常放在后面。如：
Liping and I are in charge of the work.

My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow.
二、物主代词
物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语，名词型 物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语（接在of 后面）。英语中有下列物主代词：

名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。如：
My bag is yellow, his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown.
三、反身代词
英语中有下列反身代词：

反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如：
Please help yourself to some tea.(宾语)
The boy is too young to look after himself.(宾语)

I'll be myself again in no time.(表语)
The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位语)
I fixed the door myself. (同位语)
四、指示代词
指示代词包括this, that, these, those 和such, 在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等（such不作宾语）。
that和those有 时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用the one 或that one 来代替。用the one 的时候更多一些。如：
These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生产
The oil output of this year is much higher than that of last year. 产量
The best wine is that from France.
My room is lighter than the one next door.
I'll take the seat next to the one by the window.
The film is more funny than that one.
that 可以指上面提到的事情，this指下面要谈的事情。如：
They have no time to read the books. That's their trouble.
She was ill yesterday. That's why she was absent.
I want to know this: How much money we have left?
What I want to say is this: Pronunciation is very important in learning English.
this 和that 有时还可以用来表示程度。如：
I don't want that much.
He is not that wise.
The book is about this thick.

五.疑问代词
疑问代词包括what, which, who, whom, whose, 可以用来构成特殊疑问句，也可以引导名词从句。 What, which, who在句子中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，whose作定语。
如：

Who is speaking? (主语)
Which do you prefer, the yellow one or the white one? (宾语)
What's your sister?(表语)
The man who is talking with my mother is an engineer.(引导定从句)
The old man whose son is studying abroad is our formal dean of the department. (引导定从句)
This is the plane which will fly to Wuhan this afternoon. (引导定从句)
I don't remember whom I have lent my dictionary to. (引导宾语从句)
疑问代词what, which, who, whom后面可以加ever来加重语气。如：
Whoever can be calling at this time of the night ?谁这么深更半夜来找人？
I'll say whatever comes into my head.
Take whichever book you like.
六.不定代词
不定代词包括both, either, neither, all, none, no, one, each, every, few, a few, little, a little, many, much, some, any, other, another, 以及some, any, no, every构成的合成代词。
（一）both, either, neither
both 表示两者（都），either表示（两者之中）任何一个，ne ither表示（两者之中）没有一个。三个词在句子中都可以作主语、宾语、定语，both还可以作同位语。
My sister is good at planning her time so that she always has enough time for both work and play.(be good at 擅长做某事)
Neither of the answers is right.
Either of the books belongs to you.
You and I are both to blame.
You both agreed to stay.
Both 放在实意动词前，系动词be 的后面。

（二）all, none, no, one
all和none用于三者以上的场合，分别表示全部都和一个都没有，none往往与of连用。
All of us are fond of sports.(be fond of 爱好)
We are all for him.(be for sb 支持某人)
Grasp all, lose all. 什么都抓，什么都抓不住。（谚）

None of them know how to read and write.
A friend to all is a friend to none. 滥交者无友。（谚）
None of us are perfect.
None of them has had that kind of experience.
no表示没有，在句子中只能作定语，相当于not a 或not any，not否定动词，no否定名词。
Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。（谚）
No man is born wise. 没有人是生来聪明的。（谚）
I'm no dancer. (I'm not a dancer.)
one 指代上文提到的人或物，前面可以加定冠词，可以有自己的定语，还可以有复数形式。
Your answer is a good one.
I don't like coloured envelopes. I like white ones.
I haven't got a raincoat. I'll have to buy one.

（三）each, every
each 和every表示每一个，every 在句子中只能作定语，each 可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。
The headmaster shook hands with each of the teacher.(shake hands with 握手)
The students try to set aside a little money each month.(set aside 节约)
From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs(work).各尽所能，按需分配。
I have every reason to believe that she can finish the job well.
There is every possibility of our winning the game.
every 还常用在every little while (每隔一会)，every other day, every three days（每隔两天），every ten miles(每隔十英里), every now and then (不时)，every four years, every
other line, one out of every three students.

（四）few, a few, little, a little, many, much
few, a few, many 修饰或指代可数名词，little, a little, much修饰或指代不可数名词。few, little表示否定，a few, a little表示肯定，much常用于否定句中。
Many hands make light work. 人多好办事。（谚）
Few words are best. 话少最好。（谚）
They don’t take much interest in it.
I know little about it.
There’s a little water left in the jar.

Few of them have been to India.
I’ve read a few books written by Dickens.

（五）other, the other, others, the others, another

other
the other
others
the others
another
泛指
√

√

√
特指

√

√

充当名词单数

√（表示两者当中的另外一个）


√
充当名词复数


√
√

充当形容词
√
√


√
Forty people came to the meeting. Two of them were from Japan, the others from America.
Many people came to attend the meeting. Some were from Japan, others were from America.
The United States, unlike many other countries, receives a large number of immigrants every year from all over the world.
The twin sisters are so alike that we find it difficult to tell one from the other.(so……that 如此以至于 tell sb. from 区分)
Some students are watering the flowers, others are weeding the fields.
The task will be finished in another three days.
Four of them are in the classroom. What about the others?
Please give me another example to illustrate your point.
There are three apples on the table. One is for my mother, another is for my father and the third is for me.
七、it的用法
1.指代一个人或事物。
It's only a fifteen-minute ride to my school.
It often rains in the south of China.

It's early spring.
2．作句子的形式主语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
It took me five minutes to finish reading the exercise.
It cost me five yuan to buy the pen.

The color TV set costs me more than 2,000 yuan.
I spent ten hours in finishing the work.
I spent twenty yuan on the shirt.
It is no use crying now. You'd better study hard now.(it is no use doing sth. )
To his surprise, it turned out that Tom failed the entrance examination.(to one's surprise 使某人感到惊奇)
It's a pity that you didn't watch the match.
It is necessary for us to have some exercise every day.
3．作句子的形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
They all regard it their duty to help the poor people.
I don't think it worthwhile taking so much trouble.(It's worthwhile doing. 做……事是值得的)
We find it difficult to learn English without practicing.
I think it no use telling them.
I don't think it very important that we should take part in the discussion.(take part in 参加)
He feels it his duty to help others.
4．构成强调句型。当强调的部分是主语，并且主语是人时，句型中的that 也可以换作who。
强调句基本构成 it is that…
It is in the room that we met each other for the first time.
It was not until 1936 that basketball became a part of the Olympic Games.(not until 直到……才)
It was they who attended the meeting last week.
It is because the book is so useful for my work that I bought it.
考试重点
that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数，以避免 重复。而可数名词单数往往用the one 或that one 来代替。that 可以指上面提到的事情，this
指下面要谈的事情。
不定代词中，both 放在实意动词前，系动词be 的后面。every只能跟名词，each可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。ever y在代词部分要出现当每隔……讲。
few, a few, many 修饰或指代可数名词，little, a little, much修饰或指代不可数名词。few, little表示否定。
one the other，some others，the others
it用法重点就是强调句。it作为形式宾语时不接is。
代词部分 的难点之一是名词型物主代词与形容词型物主代词的区别。顾名思义，形容词型物主代词起的是形容词的作用，在 句子中只能作定语，名词型物主代词起的是名词

的作用，代替上文出现的名词，在句子中一般作主语、宾语、表语等。
Let's clean their room first and ______ later.
A. our B. us C. we D. ours
(答案为D，ours 相当于our room。)
代词部分的主要考核点是不定代词。如some, any, few, a few, little, a little, many, much, one, none, all, both, either, neither, each, every, other, another, 以及some, any, no, every 与
body, one, thing 构成的合成代词。
（1）泛指与特指。如：another, other, others 是泛指，the other, the others是特指。
（2）肯定与否定。如：a few, a little, either, some 及其合成代词表示肯定，few, little, none, neither, any 及其合成代词表示否定。
（3）可数与不可数。如：few, a few, many, one 修饰或指代可数名词，little, a little, much修饰或指代不可数名词。
代词部分的另一个考核点是it。
it 可以代替上文出现的单数事物。
The picture was changed while drawn from memory as it passed through the class. (it 指代the picture。)
it takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事
It takes half an hour or so to walk to the bus stop.
He made it plain that he was annoyed with me.
it 还可以构成强调句型，即被强调的部分+ that …。当强调的部分是人，并且是主语时，that可以换成who。强调句去掉it is was 与that即成为普通的句子。
It was last night that I saw you in the restaurant.
It was she who that suggested that he go to New York in order to get a direct flight.
典型例题
1.

A. For B. Any C. Every D. Each
答案 C
2.

A. Bob B. Bobs C. Bob's D. Bobs'
答案 C
3.

A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
肯定句中用something，否定句和疑问句中用anything。
4. You have a good suggestion, but it's not as practical as _______.
A. he B. him C. his D. her
5. A chemist prepares his experiments carefully before trying to carry _____ in his lab.
A. it out B. out it C. them out D. out them
carry out 实施 宾格放在词组中间，名词放在词组后面。如，carry out his experiments
6. Nowadays _____ seems to enjoy looking at fat girls. That is why many companies have developed special foods to help people to slim(苗条).
A. everyone B. anybody C. somebody D. no one
enjoy doing sth.
anybody在疑问句和否定句中指没有人，在肯定句中指任何人。
7. You have to hurry up if you want to buy eggs because there's hardly _____ left.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
hardly 否定词，几乎不的意思。
8. He felt bad because he had drunk too _____ the night before.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
本题主要考查可数名词和不可数名词。
drink too much 喝多了
too much wine 太多的酒
9. She promised her parents to write _______ while she was away.
A. other day B. another day C. every other day D. any other day
every other 每隔……

答案 C
答案 C
答案 C
答案 D
答案 A
答案 B
答案 C

10. It was terrible. One passenger was killed, and _____ was badly hurt.
A. the others B. rest C. the rest D. the other
he others后面谓语动词接复数。

11. Some people hope to be more successful while _____ simply want to feel more comfortable.
A. the others B. others C. the other D. another
some others
comfortable 舒适的
12. If anyone happens to call while I am out of the office, please have ________ leave a message for me .
A. he B. him C. they D. them
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
13. The first thing that my brother and _______ did in the early morning was to go out to see the pony.
A. I B. me C. mine D. my
pony 小马
主语 first thing，谓语动词 was to go out to see，宾语 the pony。
14.

A. no B. some C. few D. none

15. There are two windows in this bedroom. _______ of them face south, overlooking a beautiful park.
A. Both B. One C. The two D. Either
either 开头谓语动词要接单数，both谓语动词用复数。
16. The jacket doesn't fit Terry, as he has _______ huge body and the jacket is _____ small.
A. such a; such B. such a; so

答案 D
答案 B
答案 B
答案 A
答案 D
答案 A

C. so so D. so such a
such修饰名词，so修饰形容词。
so huge the body
17.

A. funny something B. something funny
C. nothing funny D. funny anything
形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词的后面。
不定代 词：something，anything，somebody，anybody，nothing，nobo dy。
18. Young babies can use _________ hand equally well.
A. either B. each C. both D. every
强调两者之中任何一个
19. _______ road out of town is good, but this one is better than the other.
A. Both B. All C. None D. Neither
20.

A. any B. some C. little D. a piece
习语 Why don't you have some……
21. It was at the music hall _______ we met each other for the first time.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
强调句
22. Modern technology has made ______ possible for the whole world to be closer than ever before.
A. this B. that C. it D it's
it is possible ……是可能的

答案 B
答案 B
答案 A
答案 D
答案 B
答案 D

23. It is during his spare time _______ John has been studying a course in French.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
it is…… 强调句
24.

A. was it B. were they C. are they D. is it
news 当消息讲是不可数名词
25. I wonder why ________ possible for you to do the work by yourself.
A. you B. you are C. it isn't D. you were
I wonder why 宾语从句
26.

A. herself B. by herself C. all alone D. on her own
support oneself 养活自己
27. In _____ own way, mathematics can be as creative and exciting as poetry.
A. it B. its C. their D. theirs
mathematics 数学(单数)
28. Neighbors ought to respect _______ .
A. themselves B. one another C. each one D. to each other
29. This furniture is different from _______ .
A. ones B. your C. that one D. that
furniture是不可数名词，

答案 C
答案 B
答案 D
答案 C
答案 A
答案 B
答案 B
答案 D

30. For ______ interested in nature, the club offers hikes and overnight camping each week during the summer.
A. that B. this C. these D. those
hike 徒步旅行，overnight campinng在野外露营
31.

A. one B. ones C. two D. pair
shoes是复数,对应ones
try on 试穿
32.

A. one which B. the one C. one that D. one what
下文提到上文提到的单数可数名词，用the one
33.

A. that you do B. you to do it C. this D. it
指代前面提到的事，用it。
34. The patient chiefly lived on milk and fruit because he had ______ to eat.
A. nothing else B. anything else C. something other D. nothing other
修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面。
live on 以……为生
35. ________ doesn't matter what you do at this point.
A. They B. All C. He D. It
it doesn't matter 没关系
36. People have proved _________ to be true that the heat we get from coal and oil comes from the sun.

答案 D
答案 B
答案 B
答案 D
答案 A
答案 D

A. that B. it C. this D.
it 是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。
37. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. it B. that C. this D. those
38.

A. it was B. there is C. it were D. there was
强调句
39. __________ he realized it was too late to return home.
A. No sooner it grew dark than B. Hardly it grew dark when
C. It was not until dark that D. Scarcely it grew dark when
no sonner than=as soon as 一……就……
scarcely when=as soon as
hardly when=as soon as

40. It was not until she arrived in class ________ realized she had forgotten her book.
A. and B. when she C. she D. that she
not until 直到……才
41. It was ______ who arrived there first , despite our detour(绕路).
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
42. It was _______ the next morning that Kunta began to think about where he was going.
A. after B. before C. when D. not until
after 在……之后
before 在……之前

答案 B
答案 A
答案 A
答案 C
答案 D
答案 B

when 当……时候
not until 直到……才
答案 D
43. It was _______ he got a map that he started on his away.
A. until B. till C. not until D. not till
until 直到
till 直到
not until 直到……才
答案 C


第四节 数 词(3-3~4-1)

大纲要求

基数词及其用法;序数词的构成及其用法;分数词的构成;小数的用法。

一、基数词及其主要用法

表示数目的词称基数词。15 fifteen，几百几千不加s，242 two hundred and forty-two，5058 five thousand and fifty-eight，9，600，000 nine million six hundred thousand

1.基数词可以用于数字的计算。

6+8=14 Six plus eight is fourteen.

9-7=2 Nine minus seven is two.

7X5= 35 Seven times five is thirty-five.

8÷4=2 Eight divided by four is two.

2.基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。
He died in his fifties.
This took place in 1990s1990's.
The professor became successful in his thirties.
3.基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。
1700 seventeen hundred
1814 eighteen fourteen
9：20 nine twenty
11：30 eleven thirty half past eleven
5：45 five forty-five a quarter to six
88760231 eight eight seven， six zero two， three one
4.基数词可以用于编号。
Number six， line 4， page 19， Bus(No.) 332， Platform (No.) 5，
5.基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语。
A one-month-old baby can recognize its mother by smell.

Room 101

This eleven-month-old baby can speak a few words.
(The baby is eleven months old.)
The teacher asked us to write a four-thousand-word essay as our homework.
(There are four thousand words in the essay.)
This four-paragraph essay is too difficult for me to understand.
(There are four paragraphs in this essay. )
二、序数词及其主要用法
表示顺序的词称为序数词。如first， second， third， fourth， ninth， twenty-first， forty-fifth等。
序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。May the first the first of May(5.1)， August the eighth the eighth of August(8.8)，
序数词在句子中前面一般加the
The first of October is our National Day.
She was the third to arrive.
序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词，表示“再一”又一“。
They'll have to do it a second time.
Shall I ask him a third time?
the twentieth century，the twenty-first century

When he sat down ， a fourth man rose to ask.
三、分数词的构成
分数的分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示，若分子大于1，分母需用复数。
two- thirds(23)，one-third(13)， nine-tenths (910)， five- twelfths(512)。
特殊表达法有：one half (12)，a quarter (14)， three quarters (34) .
考试重点
基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词，在句子中作定语，名词不能加s.
数词部分需特别注意dozen， hundred， million， billion 等词。表示具体数字时，这些词用单数形式，表示不具体的数字时，须用dozens of，
I want three dozen of these.
He has been there dozens of times.
It is reported that _____ people in this area were saved in the storm.
A. hundred B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. some hundreds
(答案 C)
当数词与名词及其他词构成合成形容词时，合成形容词中间若用连字符，则其中的名词须用单数形式。
The homework for the next period is to write a two-hundred-word composition about your hometown.
hundreds of 这类的结构。

Mary is a eleven-year-old girl.
(Mary is eleven years old.)
典型例题
1. In ______ century computers will be used more widely.
A. twenty-one B. the twenty-one C. twenty- first D. the twenty-first
序数词前加the.
答案 D
2. The meeting will be held in _______ .
A. 112 Room B. Room 112 C. the 112 Room D. the Room 112
答案 B
3. The Great Wall of China is about 6，700 _______.
A. kilometer long B. kilometers long
C. kilometer longer D. kilometers longer
答案 B
4. “How many presidents were there before Abraham Lincoln?”

“Fifteen， so he was ______.”
A. the sixteen president B. the sixteenth president
C. president sixteen D. president the sixteenth
the sixteenth president 第十六任总统
答案 B
5. “What did the professor tell you to do?”
“I had to write a ______ report. ”
A. two thousand words B. two-thousands-word
C. two-thousand-word D. two-thousand words
答案 C
6. “Did you buy anything at the clothing sale?”
“Yes， I bought three _____ ties for just twelve dollars.”
A. five dollars B. five-dollars C. five- dollar D. fifth dollar
答案 C
7. Eight minus three _______ five.

A. leave B. leaves C. left D. has left
一般现在时
答案 B
8. What date is it ? It's ________.
A. July twentieth-first B. July the twenty- first
C. the twenty-first of July D. Both B and C
7月21日：July the twenty-first
the twenty-first of July
答案：D
9. When he was in his ________， he got the chance to go abroad to study.
A. forty B. forty's
C. forty's years old D. forties
答案：D
10. “Rex told me you have moved.”
“Yes， into a _______.”

A. two-storey house B. house of two story
C. house of two stories D. two-stories house
答案：A
11. “I would like to register this letter.”
“Please go to _______ on your left.”
A. third window B. window third
C. the window three D. the third window
register 挂号，邮寄
答案：D