读博士费用-在课堂上英语

1. Modernism(现代主义)
1)Modernism was a
complex and diverse international movement in all
creative arts,
originating about the end of
the 19th century.
2)rising out of skepticism
and disillusionment of capitalism, which made
writers and
artists search for new ways to
express their understanding of the world and the
human
nature. The French Symbolism, appearing
in the late, 19th century, became the
forerunner of modernism.
3)It provided
the greatest renaissance of the 20th century.
4)It means a departure from the conventional
criteria or established values of the
Victorian age. It took the irrational
philosophy and theory of psychoanalysis as its
theoretical base.
5)Major themes: the
distorted, alienated and ill relationships between
man and nature,
man and society, man and man,
man and himself.
6) It was made up of many
facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, stream of
consciousness , expressionism, futurism, etc.
Alienation and loneliness are the basic
themes
of modernism. Modernism also touched upon visual
arts, music, dance and the
other fields of
social life.
7)The major figures that were
associated with this movement were Kafka, Picasso,
Pound, Eliot, Joyce and Virginia Woolf, etc.
s of consciousness (意识流)
(1)is a term to
describe the flow of thoughts of the waking mind.
(2)Now it is widely used to describe the
unspoken thoughts and feelings of the
characters, without resorting to objective
description or conventional dialogue.
(3)It
was adapted and developed by Joyce, Virginia
Woolf, and others.
(4)The ability to
represent the flux of a character’s thought,
impressions, emotions, or
reminiscences, often
without logical sequence or syntax, marked a
revolution in the
form of novel at that time.
(5)The order of our study must be analytic.
(6)It begins the introspective study of the
adult consciousness itself.
3. Renaissance
(文艺复兴)
A. a great bourgeois cultural movement
in Europe, which began in the 14th century
and
continued to the mid-17th century.
B. It
first started in Italy, with the flowering of
painting, sculpture and literature and
then
spread all over Europe.
C. the term means
“rebirth” or “revival”.
D. Humanism is the
essence of the renaissance.
E.
representatives: Dante, Christopher Marlowe and
William Shakespeare
F. It marked the
beginning of bourgeois revolution
4.
Humanism(人文主义)
is a system of beliefs upheld
by writers and artists of the renaissance period
in
their fighting against medieval
asceticism禁欲主义.
states that man is able to
find truth, goodness and beauty, and that man is
in
control of the present life rather than
being controlled by God.
y, humanism puts man
at the center of their beliefs and takes man to be
the
measure of everything
introduce new ideas, call for man’s freedom in
thinking, praise man’s worldly
aspirations渴望,
and denunciate (公开谴责)the feudalistic control of
man’s
thought.
England, Thomas More,
Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are
the
best representatives of the English
humanists.
F. it is the essence of the
Renaissance Period.
5. Gothic Novel(哥特式小说)
1)It is a type of romantic fiction that
predominated in the late 18th century
2)Its
principal elements are violence, horror, and the
supernatural.
3)Mostly stories of mystery and
horror took place in some haunted or dilapidated
deserted Middle Age castles.
4) gothic
heroes and heroines tend to the equally
mysterious, emphasis on the
irrational and
dark side of human nature: the imaginative, the
supernatural, the
discarded Medieval castles
against the rigid rationality principle
5)
They emphasize story line and setting over
character and characterization.
6)
Representatives: Horace Walpole– The Castle of
Otranto;Ann Radcliff---- The
Mysteries of
Udolpho
6. Realism(现实主义)
1)Realism is the
determination to face facts and deal with them
practically, without
being influenced by
feelings or false ideas.
2)In literature,
realism is a way of writing about people and
events as they actually
are.
3)in art, an
attempt to describe human behavior and
surroundings or to represent
figures and
objects exactly as they act or appear in life.
4) Representative writers: Daniel Defoe;
Joanthan Swift; Henry Fielding, etc.
tment:The Enlightment movement
(1),it was
a progressive philosophical and artistic movement
which flourished in
france and swept through
western Europe in the 18th century.(2)the movement
was a
furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th
century to the mid-17th century
.(3)its purpose
was to enlighten the whole world with the
light of modern philosophical and artistic
ideas.(4)they
believed that reason or
rationality become standards for measurement of
everything. (5)they held
the common faith in
human rationality and the possibility of human
perfection through education.
(6)representatives:Alexander Pope, Richard
Steele,
8,Critical Realism批判现实主义
It is the
main trend of the literary thoughts in the
19
th
century. It reveals the corrupting
influence of
the rule of cash upon human
nature. Critical realists criticize capitalist
society from a democratic
viewpoint of
bourgeoisie reality. The major contribution made
by the 19
th
century critical realists
lies in their perfection of novels. They make
use of the from of novel for full and detailed
representations of social and political
events, and of the fate of individuals and of
whole social
classes.
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