英语四级听力解题实用技巧

大学英语新四级考试综合
训练

第一节 听力理解讲解与练习

短对话题解

一、听力考试注意事项
1.熟悉出题形式 2.语音语调 3.词汇 4.句法结构 5.
预读
6.背景知识 7.语境意识 8.记忆能力 9.放松与放弃

二、 短对话的特点
1. 对话是一男一女的形式，每人说一句， 然后提问；卷面
只有选项。
2. 是美式英语发英和英式英语发音的混合对话。
3. 涉及到的专题非常广泛。
4. 重视语言运用，多采用主观题形式。

三、好好把握播音之前的时间
听力考试正式开始之前有一段播放指令的时间，考生应
该利用好这段时间做一些准备工作。一般要掌握三个原则：
1. 两步原则 2. 主配角原则 3. 关键词原则
（一）两步原则
第一步 阅读选项
第二步 根据选项进行预测可能会考到的专题
请看下列选项：
A) Teacher and student B) Doctor and patient
C) Employer and employee D) Husband and wife
显而易见，此题关于人物关系的问题

（二）主配角原则
可把一道对话听力题当作一部即将上演的广播剧，有男
女两个角色，当看到选项当中出现人称代 词时，要分清谁是
主角，谁是配角。
A) She will go to the concert. B) She will not go to the
concert.
C) She will stay at home. D) She will go to visit her
friends.
根据选项, 可知主角是she, 重点听女声。
（三）关键词原则
所谓关键词，是在选项当中出现频率高的词。
A) She paid $$40.00 for the coat.
B) Her husband presented it to her as a gift.
C) She bought the coat on her fortieth birthday.
D) Her friend sent it to her as a gift.
从选项看，coat，gift是关键。

四、专题突破
（一）地点、方向类短对话
做题关键：
听前早预测 、听时抓关键 、听后早判断。
1. 听前早预测
给出的选择项的语言结构如果是：地点介词(in, at,
on…)+名词，那么基本可以 判定该题目是属于地点类的对话。
这类题目主要考查学生对对话发生地点及人物去向的判断。
2. 听时抓关键
预测出问题后，在听对话是要有的放矢的抓关键，尤其
是那些与选 项中所表明的地点有关联的信号词。
3. 听后早判断
根据预测和关键词，应在十秒钟之内做出判断，然后集
中注意力准备下一个问题的预测。

真题练习:
1. A) At a theatre. B) At a booking

office.
C) At a railway station. D) At a restaurant.

2. A) At a bookstore. B) In a
workshop.
C) At an art gallery. D) In a
department store.

3. A) At a newsstand. B) At a car
dealer's.
C) At a publishing house. D)At a
newspaper office.

4. A) At a publishing house. B) At a
bookstore.
C) In a reading room. D) In Prof.
Jordan’s office.

（二）数字、时间类短对话
做题关键：
眼盯选项，耳听对话: 边听边看选项进行思维
和判断
及时标记，快速运算: 听到问题之前在选项旁或空
白 处做一些与之相关联的
信息记录，以做到听到问
题后有的放矢
为了尽快适应考试方式，可就数字和时间的表达进行突
击训练。
注意区分相近发音，如-teen和- ty；多位数整数的表达；分数
的表达；序数词的表达；时间的表达。例如：
时间的表达
：3:15读作a quarter past three或three fifteen;
00:30读作 half past midnight；
年月日的表达
：如Feb. 4
th
, 2000,读作Febrary the fourth, two
thousand；
电话号码的表达
: 如: 415509读作four one double five zero

nine；
价格的表达
：如$$49.99读作forty-nine dollars, ninety-nine
cents；
航班号的表达
：如Flight 708读作Flight seven o eight;
数字代用词的表达
：如a dozen, score, monthly, daily, weekly,
decade, century, millennium等。

真题练习:
1. A) 5:00 B) 5:15 C) 5:30 D) 5:45

2. A) $$ 1.40 B) $$ 4.30 C) $$ 6.40
D) $$ 8.60

3. A) 5:15 B) 5:10 C) 4:30 D) 5:00

（三）人物、身份类短对话
做题关键：抓住关键词，辨别身份; 根据语气，猜想关
系: 抓住关键，及时修正; 熟悉和掌握有关职业身份的常用
词汇和短语。

真题练习:
1. A) Relatives B) Roommates C) Colleagues
D) Neighbors

2. A) A shop assistant. B) A telephone
operator.
C) A waitress. D) A clerk.

3. A) A railway porter. B) A bus
conductor.
C) A taxi driver. D) A postal
clerk.

4. A) They are twins. B) They are
classmates.
C) They are friends. D) They are

colleagues.

5. A) A math teacher and his colleague. B) A
teacher and his student.
C) A student and his classmate. D) A
librarian and a student.

（四）否定、转折、比较类短对话
这类题的共同之处是都有比较固定的专用词语和句法结构。

1．否定
否定类对话要求考生对内容的肯定和否定加以判断。
常见的否定类型有以下几种：
包含有否定词：常见的否定词有no, no one, none, nobody,
nothing, never, neither, nor, hardly, rarely, little, seldom, few等。
包含有否定意义的词和词组：without，instead of, avoid,
hate, deny, fail, refuse, ignore, dislike, overlook, miss, far from,
short of, too…to, anything but, rather than等。
常用的否定结构有否定副词：never, little, rarely等开头
的倒装句，以及双重否定结构如not uncommon，no one can
deny等。

2．转折
转折类对话考查对说话人的侧重点进行辨别的能力。表
示转折的词有but, or, otherwise, however, anyhow等。
在听力测试中，连词but最为常见， 出现率很高。在这
样的句子中，but后传递出来的信息往往受到强调，因此but
后面的句子 也成为解题的关键。与but相反，or只是对前面
的分句进行解释或补充，说话人的重点仍在前一分句 上。

3．比较
比较类对话要求考生在两种或两种以上的比较中的出结
论。做题时，
1 要抓住信息中心的比较对象

2 要捕捉比较词，如same, like, as…as…, alike, different,
different from, not the same等。
3 要掌握同义词，反义词的替换，如prefer…to…= like…more
than… I can’t agree more = I completely agree

真题练习:
1. A) Skating. B)
Swimming.
C) Boating and swimming. D)
Boating and skating.

2. A) Put her report on his desk.
B) Read some papers he recommended.
C) Improve some parts of her paper.
D) Mail her report to the publisher.

3. A) Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.
B) She does not agree with the man.
C) Drunk drivers are not guilty.
D) People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk
driving.

4. A)The man wants to attend tomorrow's show.
B) There aren't any tickets left for tonight's show.
C) There aren't any tickets left for tomorrow's show.
D)The man doesn't want to attend tomorrow's show.

5. A) It was a long lecture, but easy to understand.
B) It was not as easy as she had thought.
C) It was as difficult as she had expected.
D) It was interesting and easy to follow.

6. A) Take a walk. B) Give a
performance.
C) Listen to the music. D) Dance to
the music.

7. A) Tony could not continue the experiment.
B) Tony finished the experiment last night.
C) Tony thought the experiment was well done.
D) Tony had expected the experiment to be easier.

8. A) He wishes to have more courses like it.
B) He finds it hard to follow the teacher.
C) He wishes the teacher would talk more.
D) He doesn't like the teacher's accent.

（五） 明辨观点态度、行为方式、请求建议类短对话
1．观点、态度
间接表达式：不明说赞成或反对。
反问否定式：常委婉的表示质疑或反对。
委婉谢绝式：先表示肯定、赞成、谢意等，随后说出真实看
法。
看似否定实为肯定式：如：why not, I can’t agree any more等
2．行为方式
注意捕捉关键词，对行为的执行者、承受者、执行的方式等
特别留意，然后做出正确的判断。
3．请求建议
熟练掌握口语中关于请求与建议的习惯用法。
（1）请求建议的习惯用法
表示请求的常用句式有：
Will Would Can Could you…?
Would you mind…?
How about…?
I wonder if…?
（2）表示提议的常用句式有：
Shall we…?
Why not…?
Why don’t you we…?
Perhaps we should…
You’d better…
What How about…