2019英语四级最后指导：听力四题型

2019英语四级最后指导：听力四题型

四级听力题目构成与比例

小对话：8% 选择题 共8道对话，每题长约1分钟

长对话：7% 选择题 共2段对话，每段长约3分钟

听力短文：10% 选择题 共3篇文章，每篇长约3分钟

复合式听写：10% 听写填空 填8个单词和三句话，放音三遍，共
计8分钟

听力位于考试的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。

第一部分：小对话

做题方式：视听反向原则、同义替换原则，第二句话易为考点。

例题：

2009年12月四级考试真题第9题来源：考试大

A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. B) She is known
to have a terrific figure.

C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her
effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.

Woman： I’ve been working out the gym since January. I
was a bit out of shape.

Man： You look terrific! It seems that your effort has
paid off.

Question： What does the man imply about the woman?

解析：能够明显看出，本题的答案为C(她的健身房联系获得了好
的结果)。yielded good results和原文中的your effort has paid
off产生了替换作用。其中 ，类似gym和terrific、efforts等这样明
显的词汇是特别需要慎选的，因为这些词汇 都在原文中被明显播读过。
另外本题目中还包括很多有用的说法：例如terrific figure (魔鬼身
材)paid off(发生效果)，以及重复考过的out of shape (身材走样)
等等。

例题：

请注重2009年6月几道小对话题目的原文形式和设问方式：

W： There were more than a hundred people at Kate's
birthday party. How come she's got so many friends?

M： It's really no surprise. You know she was popular
even when she was a child.

Q： What does the man imply about Kate?

M： My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and
it has worked just fine until last night。

W： You'll never be able to get parts for it, even from
Japan. So it might be time to invest a more recent model。

Q： What does the woman suggest the man do?

W： I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled。

M： Not really, the new office is huge, but the word load
has doubled。

Q： What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

以上三 道小对话，都把问题的设计方向安排在第二句的位置上。
所以，考生在解题时需要将自己的听力重点放在 第二句上。

第二部分：长对话

做题方式：视听基本一致原则，场景解题原则

视听基本一致的含义是指，听到的原文和看 到的选项若基本一致，
则选项容易为准确选择。这个点和短对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一
定注 意。另外，考生还应注意长对话第一回合句，转折关系以及语调
变化等。

例题：

2009年12月四级考试第1篇长对话(部分节选)：

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have
just heard.

19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes C) He has
to work during the day.

B) He has signed up for a day course. D) He finds the
evening course cheaper.

20. A) Learn a computer language. C) Buy some computer
software.

B) Learn data processing. D) Buy a few coursebooks.

答案：C B

听力原文(部分节选)：

Woman： Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?

Man： Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in
computer programming. I would need it for the fourth semester.

W： Do you want a day or evening course?

M： Well, it would have to be an evening course since I
work during the day(19题答案点在此处直接被读出).

W： Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?

M： No.

W： Oh. Well, data processing is a course you have to
take(20题答案点在此处被读到) before you can take computer
programming….

19. Why does the man choose to take an evening course?

20. What does the man have to do before taking the course
of computer programming?

特别需要指出的是，本题发生的主题场景就在大学——Parkson
College，学生向老师咨 询课程(courses)的内容。这时，做完题目的
考生得问问自己：选修课必修课，大课小课，讲座 展示，学分学时这
类词汇和短语我们都会说么?(具体内容请特别注重本期七大听力高频
词汇)

第三部分：短文听力

短文听力一般篇幅比较长，而且问题又出现 在整个材料读完之后，
所以对很多考生来说，如果完全听完材料，再听问题最后选择的话，
就很 容易忘记刚刚在材料中所听到的内容，尤其是当考察一些细节题
目的时侯。针对这个情况，我们提供如下 四种方法，在听材料的同时
选出答案来。分别是：首尾法、视听一致原则、替换法、短词题解题
法。

1、首尾法：根据统计，一篇听力材料，比较容易出题的地方是这
篇材料的 前几句和后几句。而且分别针对的是这篇材料所对应题目的
第一道和最后一道。所以，对于“慢热型(听 过几句话之后，才能集中
起注意力来，但这时很可能第一道题目的准确答案已经被读过)”的同

学来说，从材料的第一句话就要开始注意听了。一旦错过了准确答案
针对的那句话，就可 能没有机会选出准确选项了。下面举一个典型的
例子：

以2009年6月的四级考试第三篇短文听力为例，、

Q32： Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids?

Q35： What will probably have negative effects on the
lives of Hollywood kids?

32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.

B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.

C) It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.

D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.

35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.

B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.

C) The attention the media focuses on them.

D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.

In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and
beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For
Hollywood kids, life can be difficult, because they grow up
in such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and
the children are part of the parents’ ambitions. (首
段)…Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids
there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure are
the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to
think the same? Or do they already? (末段)

根据首段和末段的内容，我们很容易分析出，32题的答案是A，
35题的答案是B。

2、同义替换法：如上题，在长对话和短文听力这两种题型中，约
有30%的题目采用了替 换法，采用同义的短语或单词替换。我们依旧以
历年真题中的比较典型的一篇短文听力为例，这篇短文听 力共有相对
应的四道题目，都能够用我们的替换法解答。

14. A) He didn’t like physics any more. B) His eyesight
was too poor.

C) Physics was too hard for him. D) He had to work to
support himself.(D)

15. A) He was not happy with the new director.

B) He was not qualified to be an engineer.

C) He wanted to travel.

D) He found his job boring.(A)

16. A) He wanted to work with his friend.

B) He enjoyed traveling around the world.

C) He wanted to go to Spain.

D) He was rejected by the engineering firm.(C)

17. A) He enjoyed teaching English.

B) He wanted to earn more to support his family.

C) The owner of the school promised him a good position.

D) He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel
agent.(B)

听力原文(部分)及问题如下

When I was at school, my ambition was to be a pilot in
the Air Force. But my eyesight wasn't good enough. So I had
to give up the idea. I went to university and studies physics.
I wanted to stay on there and do research, but my father died
at about that time. (14)So I thought I'd better get a job and
earn my living. I started working in an engineering firm. I
expected to stay in that job for a long time. But then, they
appointed a new managing director.(15) I didn't get on with
him, so I resigned and applied for a job with another
engineering company. …He offered me a job in Spain.(16)And
I've always liked Spain, so I took it. I worked in the travel
agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South
America. But I had just got married. So I decided to stay
here. (17)Then we had a baby and I wasn't earning enough to
support the family. So I started giving English lessons at a
school in the evening. …

Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just
heard.

14. Why did the man give up studying physics?

15. Why did the man resign from the engineering firm?

16. Why did the man take the job at the travel agency?

17. Why did the man start to teach English part time?

解析：

14和15是在同义短语结构上的替换。

第14题，准确答案是D，是把原文中的结构“earn my living”
换成了选项中的“support himself”，其含义是“谋生”。(D)

第15题，准确答案是A，是把原文中的结构“not get on with
somebody”换成了选项中的“not happy with somebody”，其含义是
“与某人相处的不好”。

16和17题是在句义上的替换。

第16题，准确答案是C，是把原文中的结构“I've always liked
Spain”换成了选项中的“He wanted to go to Spain”。

第17题，准确答案是B，是把原文中的结构“I wasn't earning
enough to support the family.”换成了选项中的“He wanted to
earn more to support his family”。

3、视听一致原则：这个方法已经在之前的长对话中演示过了。

4、短词题解题法：短词 题指的是选项只有极少量单词构成，很多
时候只有一个单词。解答这种题目采用的方法是“重复法”，即 ，哪
个选项中的单词被读到的次数最多就为准确选项，例如，在某年考试
中，有些题目被最多地 读到了5次。另外，短词题的重复法不但能够
使用于短文听力，而且能够使用为长对话，例如：

2007年12月第24题

A)Translator. B)Travel agent. C)Language instructor.
D)Environmental engineer.

其中，A选项中的tr anslator被读到了3次，可判断为准确选项。
而其他单词均未被读到。

第四部分：复合式听写

复合式听写要求些八个单词和三个句子。改革之后 的四级考试，
它是每年必考的题型，也是考生认为最难的一种题型，但并非无法可
解。

首先，针对于八个单词的注意点如下：

第一、注意积累拼写难度较高的词汇

平时用惯了电脑的word纠错功能，便对某些拼写 难度较高的词汇
完全漠视。例如assignment(作业)convenient(方便)gove rnment(政
府)……其实，这些单词不是整体非常难写，而是在某些位置非常难写。
例如 ，convenient的ve是容易写错的，government的n是最容易丢
掉的等等…平时注 意训练，上考场时就坦荡多了;

第二、注意听写句子的一些技巧

句子共播放三遍，每一遍能够都有不同侧重：

第一遍：先写下句子的开头，尤其是主语，并注意句子的大意;

第二遍：若感觉句子实在太难，能够放弃中间部分，努力写下句
子的结尾;

第三遍：努力地把句子中间的部分写出一些。

只有写出完整准确的句子才能够获得满分， 但是只写出句子的部
分也是能够得到相对应分数的，所以最忌讳全面放弃。

第三、能够适当改写

2006年12月四级考试听写第一句标准答案为：

What we may find interesting is that it usually takes
more words to be polite.

若能够听懂大意，则能够写成简单的it’s interesting that
more words are polite.

另外，听写完毕后的检查也很重要，最重要的三个条目是：大小
写、时态和单复数。