ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Unit 8
Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese
or Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese

焦虑不安
anxiety
at a loss
不知所措
be fatally ill
不治之症
failure
不成功
life sentence
无期徒刑
safe and sound
安然无恙
soon
不久
闲人免入
staff only
wet paint
油漆未干
keep upright
请勿倒置
keep off the
请勿践踏草坪
grass




正反、反正表达法
An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.
机会难得。
Such things are of no rare occurrence.
这些事情经常发生
No man can have too much knowledge and practice.
知识和实践越多越好。
That’s not a man that lives who does not know his god-like hours. (William
Wordsworth)
凡是活在世上的人都曾有过神仙般的几段绝好时光。（双重否定表示强烈肯定）
The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.
这些事引起了我们的重视。
He has no small chance of success.
他大有成功的可能。
Nothing is useless to man.
样样东西都有用。（双重否定用来表示强烈肯定）
正话反说，肯定译否定
The window refuses to open.
窗户打不开。
It is a wise father that knows his own child.
聪明的父亲也未必了解自己的儿子。
“it be +adj. +n.+ that”
It is good workman that never blunders.
智者千虑，必有一失。
It is a long lane that has no turning.
路必有弯，事必有变。

She refrained from laughing.
她忍住没有笑。
The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.
我走在厚厚的地毯上一点儿声音也没有。
The pursuit of science withdraws interest from external things.
科学家由于致力于科学研究，对外界事物总是不感兴趣。
My guess is as good as yours.
我的猜测并不比你的高明
In the grave the rich and the poor lie equal.
人死后即无贫富之差别。
We live meagerly, but at the same time, we blessed in many ways.
我们生活并不富裕，但同时在很多方面又是很幸运的。
肯定译否定，更能传神达意
In the high altitude snow and ice remain all the year.
海拔高的地方，冰雪常年不化。
The explanation is pretty thin.
这个解释很不详细。
Slips are scarcely avoidable when you’re new to your work.
工作没有经验，出点差错，在所难免。
There have always been more books than anyone could read.
任何人都不能读尽天下之书。
It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.
他无权签订这个合同。
Yet the process of achieving gender equality is still an ongoing one.
然而争取男女平等的过程仍然是一项未竟之业。
否定译肯定，更能表达原文涵义
Don’t lose time in posting the letter.
赶快把信发出去。
There is nothing unexpected about it.
一切在意料之中。
I could not feel better.
我感觉很好。
Nothing can live without water.
万物皆靠水生存。
It leaves nothing to be desired.
这已完美无缺。
This fresh air will do you no harm after you being in the house all day.
在屋里呆了一整天之后，吸吸新鲜空气对你大有好处。
A book may be compared to your neighbour; if it is good, it can not last
too long; if bad, you cannot get rid of it too early.
一本书可比作邻居；如果好，结识愈久愈好；如果不好，分手愈早愈好。
Unit 9
分译法(Division)
合译法(Combination)

He, not surprisingly, did not come at all.
他根本就没来，这是不足为奇的。
He is honest. He is straightforward.
他为人纯朴而坦诚。
About one hundred elements, two thirds of which are metals, have been
found.
已经发现100种元素，其中三分之二是金属。
He did not remember his father, who died when he was only three years old.
他三岁时父亲就去世了，因此，他不记得父亲。
We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.
我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功。
Is there any problem I mentioned that you don’t understand?
我提到的问题中，你们还有没有不懂的？
Matter has certain features or properties that enable us to recognize it
easily.
物质具有一定的能使我们容易识别它们的特征。
物质具有一定的特征，我们可以根据这些特征来识别它们。
I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon just setting, where rays
streamed through the narrow window near my bed.我趁着正要落下去的半个
月亮光穿上衣服；月光从床边狭窄的窗子照射了进来 。半轮残月渐渐西坠，月光
透过床边的一扇狭窄的窗子照射进来，我趁着月光穿上衣服。Immedia tely, the
bandit opened fire, killing four workers and injuring the fifth who later
died of his wounds.刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了后来死于
枪伤的第五个人 。刹那间那匪徒开火了，打死了四名工人，打伤了另一名。这名
工人后来也因伤势过重而死去。
分译法与合译法
Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.
她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合情理。
They, not unexpectedly, did not respond.
他们没有回答，这完全是意料之中的事。
Theoretically, this is a marvelous piece of scientific writing.
从理论上看，那是一篇了不起的科学论文。
The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their achievements in aviation
industry.
中国似乎为他们在航天事业上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
The city segregation law had understandably aroused a civil right movement
that spread from coast to coast.
城市隔离法引起美国全国范围内的民权运动，这是可以理解的。
He is an active student, but he was uncharacteristically listless in class
today.
这个学生很活跃，可今天他在课堂上却无精打采，异乎寻常。
Those Chinese scientists in Silicon Valley are understandably proud of
their achievements.
这些在硅谷工作的科学家对他们取得的成就感到自豪，这可以理解。

形容词：
That region was the most identifiable trouble spot.
那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看得出来的。
She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart that she
was loved and respected by her students.
她心地善良，性格温柔，乐观大方，深受学生们的爱戴。
The number of the young people in the United States who cannot read is
incredible---about one in four.
大约有四分之一的美国青年人没有阅读能力，这简直令人难以置信。
名词
Much of the historical splendor of China strains the imagination of
Western people: its expanse, its cultural diversity, the length of its
history, the beautiful objects produced thousands of years ago with a
technology that still makes the experts gasp.
中国历史上的许多辉煌成就令许多西 方人心驰神往：其内容博大精深，其文化多
姿多彩，其历史悠长久远，她在数千年之前在制作众多极品中 所使用的精湛技艺
至今还令专家们惊叹不已。
He had to quit the position and went into exile, having been deprived of
his power.
他被剥夺了权利之后，他只好辞职，流落他乡。
The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward.
那孩子叫了一声，伸开两臂，跑了过去。
The mayor has to flatter Mr. White, the director of the supervision
committee.
市长不得不吹捧怀特先生，他是督导委员会的主任。
In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home
but not in haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Yan’an.
1946年8月，我在回 莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国；由于我丈夫已经在战
争中牺牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安 。
把句子拆开：
Strange enough they were the same age to the day.
真是奇怪，他们年龄一样大，而且还是同日生的。
She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters
without success.
她已经试了好几次，要帮他们找一所出租的房子，结果没有成功。
Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman,
who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.
不肯再和这样一个女人说话，这个女人现在异常无礼，非常令人反感。
词的合译
You will supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn’t that
fair and square?
你们出钱，我们出人，这难道还不公平吗？
His father is a man who forgives and forgets.
他的父亲非常宽容。

Her son was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish.
她的儿子非常聪明，可女儿却很笨。
He suffered aches and pains.
他遭受百般疼痛。
He is a man of culture and learning.
他是个很有学问的人。
I hate all these hustle and bustle.
我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。
The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings
had been stolen.
这个年轻人真惨，已落到身无分文的地步，因为他的全部积蓄都被偷了。
That day, the President had an interview with his father. His father was
going to the moon by space shuttle.
那天，总统会见了他的父亲，他的父亲将乘航天飞机去登月。
复合句的翻译
When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.
我谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。
When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely
being polite.
我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。
In 1844 Engels met Marx, and they became friends.
1844年恩格斯与马克思相遇并成为了好朋友。
It was in mid- August, and the repair section operated under the blazing
sun.
八月中旬，维修人员在烈日下工作。
But, occasionally, through haste and carelessness, mistakes were made,
so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash,
the other long.
但是，偶尔也有这种情况，由于仓促匆忙或者粗心大意而造 成错误，结果当天停
业结算时，有的出纳会少了现金，而有的会多了。
She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill.
她回家照料她病重的丈夫。
They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to and
fro there.
他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看书。
They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread more furiously throughout
the country.
他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，遍及全国。
Unit 10
译成汉语主动句
The whole country was armed in a few days.
几天以内全国武装起来了。
The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been
totally eradicated.

他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。
By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but
at a cost of over 200 Belgian and French lives.
大战结束时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以200多比利时人和法国人的生命
为代价的。
The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
常用被动句型的汉语习惯译法

? It is hoped that? 希望??
? It is reported that? 据报道??
? It is said that? 据说??
? It is supposed that? 据推测??
? Its must be admitted that? 必须承认??
? It must be pointed out that?必须指出??
? It is asserted that? 有人主张??
? It is believed that? 有人相信??
? It is well known that? 众所周知??
? It will be said that? 人们会说??
? It was told that?人们曾说??
? I was told that? 我听说??
译成汉语被动句：被，给，遭受，受到, 为?所?
Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out
of the airfield.
我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。
They were given a hearty welcome.
他们受到热烈欢迎。
I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas
card.
我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。
译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句
The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire.
大火使这著名旅馆几乎全部毁灭。
Most letters from his wife, are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.
他妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。
The astonishing thing is that this most dangerous operation was organized
by a young attractive twenty-year-old Belgian girl，Andree De Jongh by
name.
令人惊奇的是，这个极其危险的作战行动是由一个年轻美丽的比利时姑娘组织的，她叫安得.岱荣，23岁。
Translation techniques should be paid enough attention to.
【译文】翻译技巧应予以足够的重视。
A program called a compiler was written by an expert in machine
code and is stored in the computer.

【译文】编译程序先由专家用机器代码编码写好， 然后储存在计算机中。
Television keeps us informed about current events at home and abroad.
【译文】电视使我们了解国内外时事。
Illness must be correctly diagnosed before they can be treated with
medicine.
【译文】疾病必须先确诊，再用药。
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in
1872.
【译文】美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
The work must be finished before Christmas.
【译文】这项工作必须在圣诞节前完成。
The quality of our products has been greatly improved.
【译文】产品质量有了很大的提高。
You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered.
【译文】书到后应立即付款。
The students should be enabled to develop morally, intellectually
and physically in an all-round way.
【译文】必须使学生在德育、智育、体育方面得到全面发展。
Unit 11
主语从句 （Subject Clause）
以what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主
语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
The problem is not what he knows and how he is trained, but what he is
and what he can do. 用it作形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子最前面去翻译。为
了强调起见，it一 般可以译出来；如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。
It seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash.
驾驶员在飞机坠毁之后，竟然还能活着，这看来是不可想象的。（It翻译为
“这”） 有时候，如果主语从句仍然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话，it一般不需要译出
来。在汉语译文的开 始，一般可以用“...的是，...”这样的结构来翻译。
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。（It不用翻译）
还可以用“奇怪的是...”这样的结构来翻译）
宾语从句 （Object Clause）
用that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句，翻
译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
We all know that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health and that alcohol
abuse can kill.
我们都知道吸烟对健康有害，我们也知道酗酒会危害人的生命。
用it 作 形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语
原文顺序翻译；it有时候可 以不用翻译。
I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10
o’clock in the morning.

我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。（it没有翻译）
We consider it absolutely necessary that we should open our door to the
outside world.
打开国门，实行开放，我们认为这是绝对必要的。（it翻译为“这”） 。
表语从句 （The Predicative Clause ）
表语从句是位于主句的联系动词后面、充当主 句主语的表语的从句，它也是由
that，what，why，how，when，where，whe ther等连词和关联词引导的。一般
来讲，可以先译主句，后译从句。
The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.
问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。
Another cause of obscurity is that the writer is himself not quite sure
of his meaning.
写不清楚还有一个原因，那就是作者自己对于所要表达的意思也不是很有把握。
Absence to love is what wind is to fire. It extinguishes the small; it
inflames the great.
离别之于爱情好比风之于火，它能将小火熄灭，使大火熊熊燃烧。
同位语从句 （Appositive Clause）
一般来说，同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面。
He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.
他表示希望再到中国来访问。
There is a possibility that he is a spy.
有可能他是一个间谍。
There is an ample experimental evidence that actually smoking is harmful
to your health.
有大量的实验证据表明，吸烟实际上对你的健康是有害的。
有时候在翻译同位语从句时，可以 将其放在所修饰的名词前面，相当于前置的修
饰语，但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。这种情况下，同 位语从句都是比较简
单。
We know the fact that bodies possess weight.
我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实。
The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded.
关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。
增加“即”（或者“以为”）这样的词来连接，或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句
和同位语从句。
But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a
practical point of view, irrational.
但这却丝毫改变不了这样一个事实，即从实用的观点来看，他们今天仍是不合理
的。
We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing
truth.
我们已经得出这样的结论：实践是检验真理的标准。
Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste
material could be turned into plastics.
不久前，科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现——可以把这种废物变成塑料。

Bush has noted on several occasions that he will be the first president
since John F. Kennedy to be inaugurated in the presence of his father.
He is proud and thrilled about that. So are the Americans who voted for
him. That is what they were counting on.
【译文】小布什曾在好 几个场合里谈到，他将是自肯尼迪之后第一位有个显赫的
父亲参加就职典礼的总统。他对此深感骄傲，那 些选他的人也对此感到骄傲。这
是他们对他有信心的原因。
The study followed four groups of children: one with supportive parents,
one with stimulating parents, one whose parents combined both qualities
and a final group who offered neither. The children were given electronic
devices; when these made a sound, they had to make a note of what they
were doing and assess how happy and alert they felt.
【译文】这一研究跟踪的是四组儿童：一组儿童的家长是支持型的 ，一组是激励
型的，一组是支持激励相结合的，最后一组儿童的家长既不支持也不激励。孩子
们 拿到一些电子装置。当电子装置发出声响时，他们就要记下孩子们当时正在干
什么，并评估孩子们从中感 受到的快乐和反应的敏捷程度。
The most significant implication would seem to be that while most people
are in a good position to fulfill their biological potential—barring
serious illnesses or a poor diet during childhood—it is far from certain
that they will grow up in an environment where that capacity will be
developed.
【译文】最重要的启示似乎是：尽管大多数人都有条件很好地发挥他们 的生理潜
能——除非童年时得了严重疾病，或饮食太差，但是，他们是否能生长在一个能
开发其 能力的环境中则远非一个确定因素。
Unit 12
英语定语从句的翻译
The man who has made up his mind to win will never say
“impossible”.
凡是决心取得胜利的人是从来不说“不可能的”。
True friendship is like sound health, the value of which is seldom known
until it be lost.
真正的友谊犹如健康，只有失去时，才会意识到它的价值。
A man can succeed at almost anything for which he has unlimited enthusiasm.
一个人，只要他有无限的热情，就几乎可以在任何事情上取得成功 。
He is a fool who cannot be angry, and he is wise who will not.
不会发怒是蠢人，不愿发怒是聪明人。
英语定语从句的译法
前置法
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to
explore.
太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.

他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his
brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹， 而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。
Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to
explore.
太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence.
他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his
brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹， 而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.
他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟
后置法切分法
You, whose predecessors scored initial success in astronomical research,
have acquired a greater accomplishment in this respect.
你们的先辈在天文学研究方面取得了初步的成功，而你们现在则在这一方面获得
了更大的成就。
Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are
decisive in achieving success in the area.
他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese
and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他们正在为实现一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人所珍爱的, 在过去,
许多中国人为了这个理想而牺牲了自己的生命。
I propose to offer a theory which, as far as I am aware, has not previously
been set forth, that only those animals capable of speech are capable of
laughter, and that therefore man, being the only animal that speaks, is
the only animal that laughs.
我试图提出一种理论，这种理论就我所知，还未曾有人提出过，那就是： 只有能
说话的动物才能笑。人是惟一能说话的动物，所以也是惟一能笑的动物。
This system is often referred to as the “free enterprise system” and
can be contrasted to a socialist economy, which depends heavily on
government planning and on public ownership of the means of production.
美国的经济制度常常被称为”自由企业制度”, 与社会主义经济形成对照。社会
主义经济在很大的程度上依赖于政府计划和生产资料公有制。
A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that
women have outgrown the jumping-on-the-chair-at-the-sight-of- a-mouse
era, and a colonel who says that they haven’t.

一位年轻的姑娘和一位上校展开了一场热烈的争论。姑娘坚持认为 妇女已有进
步， 看见老鼠就吓得跳上椅子的时代已经一去不复还了， 而上校则认为没有。
（重复先行词， 译成独立句）
省略先行词
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。
hey worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly
increased.
他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。
After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which
continued well into the night.
饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。
融合法：
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
楼下有人要见你
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new
invention.
在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣
状译法
译成表示“时间”的分句
A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be
absent- minded.
司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。
译成表示“原因”的分句
He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now
more than usually insolent and disagreeable.
他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。
译成表示“条件”的分句
Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive
their families.
人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。
译成表示“让步”的分句
He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.
尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一幢房子。
译成表示“目的”的分句
He wishes to write an article that will attract the public attention to
the matter.
为了引起公众对这一事件的注意，他想写一篇文章。
He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.
为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料。
译成表示“结果”的分句
They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread more furiously throughout
the country.
他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及全国。

译成表示“转折”的分句
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。
前置法
Few people do business well who do nothing else.
除了生意以外什么也不做的人是做不好生意的。
They reviewed the international situation in which important changes and
great upheavals are taking place and expounded their respective positions
and attitudes.
他们回顾了正在发生重大变化和巨大动荡的国际形势， 并阐明了各自的立场和
态度。
Mr. Taylor, who had been silent before, spoke out suddenly.
刚才一直沉默不语的Taylor先生突然开口了。
This is the place where the workers’ and peasants’ Red Army made the
crossing in 1934.
这就是工农红军1934年渡江的地方。
后置法
A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that
women have outgrown the jumping-on-the-chair-at-the- sight-of-a-mouse
era, and a colonel who says that they haven’t.
一位年轻的姑娘和一位上校展开了一场热烈的争论。姑娘坚持认为妇女已有进
步， 看见老鼠就吓得跳上椅子的时代已经一去不复还了， 而上校则认为没有。
（重复先行词， 译成独立句）
He said that this was a good suggestion, which he would look into.
他说这是个很好的建议， 一定要加以研究。（省略先行词， 译成并列句）
Toward evening, we stopped at an inn, where we passed the night.
傍晚， 我们停留在一家旅馆， 在那里过了夜。
The relations between China and the United States of America have been
improved, which will contribute to our four modernizations and world
peace.
中美两国关系已经得到改善，这将有利于我们的四个现代化和世界和平。
Last week I saw Modern Times with Charles Chaplin playing the leading role,
which I think one of the most amusing films. (= and I think it?)
上周我看了Charles Chaplin 主演的《摩登时代》， 我认为这是最有趣的影
片之一。
融合法
It was a hope which reflected the conviction expressed some years earlier
by the then British Minister.
这个希望反映了若干年前当时在任的英国首相表达过的信念。
There has never been a man around me who wrote so many memos.
在我周围的人中， 从没有一个像他那样写过那么多的备忘录。
“We are a nation that must beg to stay alive, ” said a foreign economist.
一位外国经济学家说道， “我们这个国家一天不讨饭就活不下去。”
译成状语从句

Our teacher, who is getting old, will soon retire. (cause)
我们的老师， 越来越老， 不久就要退休了。
Envoys were sent who should strengthen our international position.
(purpose)
派了使节， 以便加强我们的国际地位。
The prime minister who was busy all day long never knew what fatigue was
(concession)
总理虽然整天很忙， 却从不知疲倦。
Anybody who should do that would be laughed at. (condition)
无论是谁， 只要做那种事情， 就一定会受到嘲笑。
由关系代词as引导的定语从句的汉译方法
It is absolutely wrong to think foreign languages useless, as quite a few
people did before.
认为外语无用是绝对错误的， 而不少人过去确有这种想法。
To write a dull book, as any poor writer could do, was unworthy of him.
写一本枯燥无味的书， 这是任何一个蹩脚的作家都会做的。
Now many young people wish to be scientists, as (=scientists) it is
possible for them to be on condition that they work hard.
现在许多青年都想当科学家， 在自己刻苦努力的条件下， 这是大有可能如愿以
偿的。
Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related
to them.
蜘蛛不是昆虫， 尽管许多人认为它是昆虫， 它甚至与昆虫几乎没有联系。
His grandfather was a simple-mannered man, as the large-hearted and
large-minded men are apt to be.
他祖父质朴大方， 慷慨而心胸开阔的人也往往是这样的。
The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways
of doing things, as is often the case in other countries.
英国人对于与其不同的文化和行为方式不大熟悉， 而在其他国家却往往不是这
样。
其他特殊定语从句的汉译方法
In short, we are for a world in which every people, rooted in their national
cultural values, will be receptive to the abundant benefits of other
nations.
一句话， 我们赞成这样的世界：每个国家的人民都扎根于自己的民族文化宝库
之中， 有汲取其他国家的丰富的滋养。
He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his
brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹， 而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
But his laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.
但他富有感染力的笑声打破了沉默。
We are peoples that have inherited ancient wisdom, that know the worth
of biding one’s time and recognized opportunity for combat.
我们的人民继承了古代的智慧， 懂得如何等待并善于抓住战机。

Unit 13
英语状语从句的翻译
译成状语
If he actually did commit the crime, he wouldn’t be punished. (译为
让步状语)
他即便真的犯了罪，也不会受到惩罚。
Why was he late when he knew the meeting began at eight sharp? (译为原
因状语)
既然他知道八点整开会，为什么还迟到呢？
How can you expect your children to be truthful when you yourself tell
lies? (译为条件状语)
如果你自己讲假话，怎么能期待你的孩子们说真话呢？
译成并列结构
The days were short, for it was now December.
现在是十二月，白天短了。
The train moved away so slowly that butterflies blew in and out the
windows.
火车开得非常缓慢，蝴蝶从窗口飞进又飞出。
译成定语
Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.
在有疑问的地方做个记号。
Where there is smoke there must be fire.
有烟的地方一定有火。
Unit 14 The Translation of Long Sentence
顺译法
有些 英语长句所叙述的一连串动作基本上是按动作发生的时间先后安排,也有些
英语长句的内容是按逻辑关系 安排,这与汉语表达方法比较一致,因此翻译时一
般可按照原文顺序译出。
If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will
feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”.
如果你 乘坐火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里逗留一两个小时，你也会感到从密歇
根湖那边吹拂过来的阵阵清风， 这就是芝加哥之所以叫做“风城”的缘故。
If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity
of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly
affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a
comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and
whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness. 如果说她早已失去了那蔚蓝色眼睛的，花儿般的魅力，也失去了她脸庞和身段的
那种冰清玉洁，苗条 多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色----二十六年前这种花容月
貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特 ----那么在四十三岁的今天，虽然她两颊
淡淡地有些斑点，灰蓝色的眼睛也稍稍有点浮肿，但依旧是 个好看而忠实的伴侣。
It was the moment I ceased being a child, when I began to have an adult’s
awareness of the pain and tragedy in life.

从那一刻起我不再是一个小孩，我开始有了成年人的意识，能意识到人生的伤痛
与灾 难。
倒译法
有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时就必须要从
原文后面译起,逆着原文的顺序翻译,所谓反其道而行之。
Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty
children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder
anything you can catch.
当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里,又有个年轻的狄安那在池边好奇地接受你所捉
上来的东西的时候,如果你懂得什么叫美的话,时间是过得很快的。
Engles spoke with the authority and confidence, born of forty years’
closest friendship and intellectual intimacy, during which he had grasped,
as no other man had, the full significance of Marx’s teachings.
由于四十年的最亲密的友谊和思想契合， 恩格斯对马克思学说的意义比任何人
都了解得 更透彻，他是带着权威和自信说这番话的。
Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered against a
historical background of slow but substantial changes in Chinese family
structure, caused by rising living standards and family planning.
由 于人民生活水平的不断提高以及计划生育，中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却又具
有实质性的变化，必须根据 这一历史背景考虑到老年的问题。
The era of blatant discrimination ended in the 1960s through the
courageous actions of thousands of blacks participating in peaceful
marches and sit-ins, to force Southern states to implement the Federal
desegregation laws in schools and public accommodation.
六十年代，千千万万的黑人参加了和平游行示威和静坐，他们的勇敢行 动迫使南
方各州执行联邦政府关于在学校和公共场所所废除种族隔离的法律，从而结束了
公然歧 视黑人的时代。
分译法
A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company
he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and
one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of
men.
我们往往可以从一个人所交往的朋友以及所阅读的书去看他的为人。这 是因为人
与人之间有友谊，人与书同样也有友谊。人应该经常生活在与最好的书以及最好
的人的 交谊中。
We are weary of the dangers of colonialism, the divisions it has brought
to our continent, the bloodshed and confusion, the racism and hate that
go hand in glove with the colonialists.
殖民主义的威胁,殖民主义给我们大陆造成的分裂、流血和混乱,以及与 殖民主义
者结有不解之缘的种族主义和种族仇恨,这一切我们都受够了。
Unit 15 The Translation of English Idioms
直译
Forbidden fruit is sweet.
禁果分外甜。

All are not friends that speak us fair.
说我们好话的不一定都是朋友。
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
同时追两兔，全都抓不住。
To save time is to lengthen life.
节约时间就等于延长生命。
Time is money.
时间就是金钱。
直译加注
Forbidden fruit
禁果（比喻非法的逸乐，尤指不正当的两性关系）
Hellfire
地狱之火（比喻苦苦折磨人的东西）
A Judas kiss
犹大的吻（比喻背叛行为、口蜜腹剑）
Olive branch
橄榄枝（和平的象征）
Pandora’s Box
潘多拉的盒子（比喻祸害的根源）
A Sphinx’s riddle
斯芬克斯之谜（比喻难题或难解之谜）
Sour grapes
酸葡萄（得不到的东西就说它不好）
The tower of ivory
象牙塔（比喻脱离现实生活的小天地、世外桃源）
The Trojan horse
特洛伊木马（比喻暗藏的敌人或危险）
Waterloo
滑铁卢（比喻惨重的失败、致命的打击）
Wolf in sheep’s clothing
披着羊皮的狼（比喻伪装友善的敌人）
To shed crocodile tears
流鳄鱼眼泪——假慈悲
The best fish swim near the bottom.
好鱼居水底——有价值的东西不能轻易得到。
Can the leopard change his spots?
江山易改，本性难移。
Let another’s shipwreck be your sea-mark.
前车之覆，后车之鉴。
In the end things will mend.
车到山前必有路。
Man proposes, God dispose.
谋事在人，成事在天。
In the kingdom of the blind the one-eyed man is king.

山中无老虎，猴子称大王。
Mary and her mother are as like as two peas.
玛丽和她妈妈长得一模一样。
I’m too old a dog that can’t learn new tricks.
我太老了，再也学不进什么新鲜玩意儿了。
She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can do
whatever she likes.
她生长在富贵之家，认为凡事都可随心所欲。
Every man has a fool in his sleeve.
人人都有糊涂的时候。
Pull somebody’s leg
愚弄人，开某人的玩笑。
Move heaven and earth
竭尽全力；不遗余力，想法设法。
Child’s play
简单、容易的事情。
Eat one’s words
承认自己说错了话。
Throw a sprat to catch a whale
吃小亏占大便宜。
Have the face
恬不知耻，厚脸皮。
Give him an inch and he will take an ell.
得寸进尺。
Teach one’s grandmother to suck eggs
班门弄斧（在内行人面前充内行）
A blessing in disguise
因祸得福。塞翁失马，安知非福
Blow hot and cold
朝三暮四出尔反尔摇摆不定。
Beauty lies in lover’s eyes.
情人眼里出美人。
Two heads are better than one.
一人计短，两人计长
一人不及两人智。
谚语的翻译要注意语言的艺术性
Men may meet but mountains never.
山和山无法碰头，人和人总会相遇。
人生何处不相逢.
Who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet.
不尝黄连苦，怎知蜂蜜甜。
The higher up, the greater the fall.
爬得越高，跌得愈惨。
Count one’s chickens before they are hatched.

小鸡未孵出，急着数鸡数。
蛋未孵先数雏
（过早乐观）
Empty vessels make the most noise.
瓶子越空，响声越大；
一瓶子不响，半瓶子晃荡。