第一章 金融英语介绍

金融英语
Good morning, everyone. Welcome to financial English Class. I’m so glad to see all of you
again. We are old friends, right. I am so glad that I can have the opportunity to help you with
financial English. This course, in my view, is a little bit difficult. To learn it well, you will need
not only good English language skills, but also some background knowledge. I will try my best to
help you with that and I need you to do the same. So here some suggestions for you:
1. Preview the text before you come to class. Focus on the new words, terms, and relevant
background knowledge. Consult dictionary and other reference books when necessary.
notes in class.
3. Review what you have learned after class. And at the beginning of each week’s class, I will
check if you have done the reviewing. That includes the vocabulary, questions about the text and
so on. Your performance will be recorded and will be one part of your final marks.

一、教学目的
1、掌握专业词汇的英语表达，做到英汉互译。
2、能看懂一般难度的经济、金融类英语文章。
3、在了解金融背景的基础上，能就熟悉的话题进行笔头或口头翻译。
二、基本要求
1、课前预习。包括查阅生词、短语，阅读课文、了解相关背景知识等。
2、上课记笔记。
3、课后复习。包括熟记重点掌握短语、句子，完成课后作业等。
4、上课主要以提问方式进行，笔译与口译结合。
5、成绩评定方面，平时成绩占30%，考试成绩占70%。
三、教材与参考书目
教材：《金融英语》，复旦大学出版社，刘文国、蒋晓红主编。
参考书目：
《金融英语（基础类）》，清华大学出版社，金融英语教材编写委员会编写。
《现代金融业务》，中国金融出版社，金融专业英语证书考试委员会编。
四、网络资源
1、
2、
3、
4、
5、
6、
7、
8、
9、









金融时报
经济学人期刊
华尔街日报
商业周刊
财富期刊
中华人民共和国财政部
中国人民银行
中华人民共和国国际外汇管理局
中国证券监督管理委员会
中国保险监督管理委员会
中国银行监督管理委员会
美国联邦储备委员会
10、

11、

12、

13、

14、

15、


美国财政部
世界银行
国际货币基金组织
五、金融英语证书（FECT）考试

金融英语证书考试 制度是1994年经中国人民银行和原国家教委联合发文批准建立的我
国第一个国家级行业性外语证书考 试制度。自2009年开始，金融英语证书考试（FECT）共
设两级，分别为FECT综合考试和FE CT高级考试。金融英语证书考试每年进行一次。2009
年度金融英语证书综合考试和高级考试必考科 目将于6月13日进行。
考试时间、类别和科目
6月13日

09：00-11：30
14：00-16：30
综合考试（含听力）
现代金融理论与实务
考试参考教材和辅助教材
（一）综合考试指定参考教材为《现代金融业务》（中国金融出版社2006年12月出版）；
（二）高级考试必考科目- 金融理论与实务指定参考教材为《现代金融理论与实务》（中国金
融出版社2009年1月出版）； < br>（三）综合考试的听力训练可参考由中国人民银行北京培训学院、中国工商银行杭州金融研
修院合 作开发的教学光盘。

Money
American oil billionaire J. Paul Getty has a very famous saying, that is ― If you can actually count
your money, then you are not really a rich man.‖
美国石油大亨J. Paul Getty曾经说过一句话：如果你的钱是可以数得清楚的，那么你就不是
一个真正的富人。
Well, the sentence is interesting and I want to say that if you want to learn financial English well,
you must know what money is. Most people working in finance spend a lot of time dealing with
money. So, in today’s class, we first talk about money.
1. What is Money ?
As the word money is used in everyday conversation, it can mean many things, but to economists
it has a very specific meaning. 为了加以区分，我们来分析一下。
Economists define money as anything that is generally accepted in payment for goods or services
or in the repayment of debts.
货币是在支付商品和劳务货款或在偿还债务时被普遍接受的东西。
Currency, consisting of dollar bills and coins, is one type of money. When most people talk about
money, they are talking about currency.
Because checks are also accepted as payment for purchases, checking account deposits are
considered money as well.
The word money is frequently used synonymously with wealth. When people say, is
rich—he has an awful lot of money,
and a high balance in his checking account but also has stocks, bonds, four cars, three houses, and
so on.
Balance: the amount of money in an account at a particular time； 帐户存款的余额

For example: Could you tell me what my balance is please? 你能告诉我的帐户余额吗？
Economists make a distinction between money and wealth. Wealth includes not only money but
also other assets such as bonds, common stock, art, land, furniture, cars, and houses.
Susan has a good job and earns a lot of money.
Income is a flow of earnings per unit of time. Money, by contrast, is a stock: It is a certain
amount at a given point in time. 收入是某一单位时间内收益的流量， 而货币是一个存量，
即某一时间点上一个特定的金额。
If someone tells you that he has an income of $$1 000, you can not tell whether he earned a lot or a
little without knowing whether this $$1 000 is earned per year, per month, or even per day. But if
someone tells you that she has $$1 000 in her pocket, you know exactly how much this is.
2.
Exercise: Different Types of Money
Now, let’s clarify the meaning of some words that are related to ―money‖. Please look at the
following words.
These are all different forms of money,
Money, Cash, Currency, Salary, Wages, Income, Loan, Pension, Fund, Capital, Installments,
Debt, Deposit, Aid.
What are the exact meanings of these words in English? Now, let’s do some exercises, after that
you will have a very clear idea of what they are.
Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence:
1. Money in notes(banknotes) and coins is called
a. cash b. capital c. reserves
2. The dollar, the mark and the yen are all
a. currencies b. funds c. salary
3. Money borrowed from a bank is a
a. deposit b. income c. loan
4. Borrowed money that has to be paid back constitutes a
a. debt b. fund c. income
5. All the money received by a person or a company is known as
a. cash b. income c. wages
Number 1 the answer should be: a cash. 纸币或者硬币形式的钱，我们称之为：现金。
Number 2 the answer should be: a currency 美元，马克，和日元都是：通货 或 货币
Number 3 the answer should be: c loan 从银行借来的钱称之为：贷款
Number 4 the answer should be: a
Number 5 the answer should be: b
debt 借来的但必须要还回的钱称之为：债务
income 个人或公司所得到的所有的钱称之为：收入
6. The money earned for a week's manual work is called
a. income b. salary c. wages
7. The money paid for a month's (professional) work is a
a. loan b. salary c. wages
8. Money placed in banks and other savings institutions constitutes
a. capital b. deposits c finance
9. Money paid by the government or a company to a retired person is a
a. pension b. income c. loan
10. The money that will ultimately be used to pay pensions is kept in a
a. budget b. deposit c. fund

Number 6 the answer should be: c wages 一个星期的劳动所得称之为：wages
Number 7 the answer should be: b salary 一个月的工作所得称之为：salary，
由此我们可以看出，汉语里“工资”这个词在英文中根据工作时间的长短是有区分的。salary
和wage. 英文中按月支付的是salary, 按小时、每天、或每周支付的是 wage. 请大家注意区
分。
Number 8 the answer should be: b
Number 9 the answer should be: a
老金
Number 10 the answer should be: c
存的
11. The money needed to start a company is called
a. aid b. capital c. debt
12. The money paid to lawyers, architects, private schools, etc. is called
a. fees b. installments c. wages
13. Regular part payments of debts are called
a. deposits b. loans c. installments
14. Estimated expenditure and income is written in a
a. budget b. reserve c. loan
15. Money given to developing countries by richer ones is known as
a. aid b. debt c. loan
Number 11 the answer should be: b capital 用于开办公司的钱称之为：资本
Number 12 the answer should be:
费用
Number 13 the answer should be:
款
Number 14 the answer should be:
Number 15 the answer should be:
a
c
a
a
fee 支付给律师、建筑师和私立学校的钱是：
定期偿还的部分债务称之为：分期付
deposit 存在银行或其他储蓄机构钱称之为：存款
pension 有政府或公司支付给退休人员的钱称之为：养
fund 最终用来支付养老金的钱是以基金的形式储
installment
budget
aid
预计的支出和收入通常被写在预算里。
发达国家赠送给发展中国家的：援助款

Ok, now we have a very clear idea of different forms of money in English.


Finance
Finance is the science of funds management. The field of finance deals with the concepts of time,
money and risk and how they are interrelated. Finance includes saving money and lending money.

An entity whose income exceeds its expenditure can lend or invest the excess income. On the
other hand, an entity whose income is less than its expenditure can raise capital by borrowing or
selling equity claims, decreasing its expenses, or increasing its income. A bank (financial
intermediary) aggregates the activities of many borrowers and lenders. A bank accepts deposits
from lenders, on which it pays the interest. The bank then lends these deposits to borrowers.

Finance also deals with how money is spent and budgeted.
Budget is an estimation of the revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time. A
budget can be made for a person, family, group of people, business, government, multinational

organization. Also budget may be long term or short term. Long term budgets have a time horizon
of 5–10 years; short term is an annual budget.

Finance is used by individuals (personal finance), by governments (public finance), by business
(corporate finance).

Personal finance
Components of personal finance might include checking and savings accounts, credit cards and
consumer loans, investments in the stock market, retirement plans, social security benefits,
insurance policies, and income tax management.
Questions in personal finance revolve around
How much money will be needed by an individual (or by a family), and when?
Where will this money come from, and how?
How can people protect themselves against unforeseen personal events, as well as those in the
external economy?
How can family assets best be transferred across generations (bequests and inheritance)?
Bequest 遗产、遗赠
He left a bequest to each of his grandchildren. 他给他的孙子孙女每人留下一笔遗产。

inheritance
继承物（如金钱、财产等）；遗产继承
She spent all her inheritance in a year. 她在一年之内用完了所有继承的遗产。
The title passes by inheritance to the eldest son. 这一头衔按世袭传给长子。
something from the past or from your family that affects the way you behave, look, etc. 遗传特
征；遗产
our artisticcultural inheritance 我们的艺术文化遗产
Physical characteristics and determined by genetic inheritance.
身体的特征取决于基因遗传。

How does tax policy (tax subsidies or penalties) affect personal financial decisions?
How does credit affect an individual's financial standing?
credit
名词
1、赊购；赊欠
We bought the dishwasher on credit. 我们赊购了一台洗碗机。
Your credit limit is now ?2?000. 你的信用额度现在为 2f000 英镑。
2、（从银行借的）借款；贷款
The bank refused further credit to the company. 银行拒绝再给那家公司提供贷款。
3、（借钱偿还的）信誉，信用
Her credit isn't good anywhere now. 她借钱不还，弄得声名狼藉。
动词
（给银行账户）存入金额；把…记入贷方；贷记（银行账户）
Your account has been credited with $$50?000. 已把 5 万元存入你的账户。
$$50?000 has been credited to your account. 已把 5 万元存入你的账户。

How can one plan for a secure financial future in an environment of economic instability?
Personal financial decisions may involve paying for education, financing durable goods such as
real estate and cars, buying insurance, e.g. health and property insurance, investing and saving for
retirement.
Personal financial decisions may also involve paying for a loan, or debt obligations.

Corporate finance
Managerial or corporate finance is the task of providing the funds for a corporation's activities.
For small business, this is referred to as SME finance (Small and Medium Enterprises). It
generally involves balancing risk and profitability, while attempting to maximize an entity's
wealth and the value of its stock.
Long term funds are provided by ownership equity and long-term credit, often in the form of
bonds. The balance between these forms the company's capital structure. Short-term funding or
working capital is mostly provided by banks extending a line of credit.
Another business decision concerning finance is investment, or fund management. An investment
is an acquisition of an asset in the hope that it will maintain or increase its value. In investment
management – in choosing a portfolio – one has to decide what, how much and when to invest. To
do this, a company must:
Identify relevant objectives and constraints: institution or individual goals, time horizon, risk
aversion and tax considerations;
Identify the appropriate strategy: active v. passive – hedging strategy
Measure the portfolio performance
Financial management is duplicate with the financial function of the Accounting profession.
However, financial accounting is more concerned with the reporting of historical financial
information, while the financial decision is directed toward the future of the firm.

firm是任何的一个企业，可以是独资、合资或是股份有限公 司。firm和company相比之下
概念更广泛，一般来说，对一般企业的总称用firms多于c ompanies。
company是商界的任何一个从事商业的企业，可以是独资、合资或是股份有 限公司。一般用
company是针对的是某一个特定的公司。例如说“我们公司”这句话英文就该说“ Our
company”而不说“Our firm”，更不说“Our enterprise”。
corporation是合伙的公司、企业

视频 Stay budget- wise 保持良好的预算

Gerri Willis offers some tips on how to keep your financial house in order in today's
difficult economy
Keep your financial house in order by tracking where your money is going. Here is
how you can build your family budget.
First, keep a money journal for a month. This means you write down exactly what you
spend on a daily basis, from your morning coffee to your cable bill. Get in touch with
where you’re spending your money. You may be surprised how much you spent, make
sure you know exactly where your money is going.

Next, figure out where you should be allocating your money in an ideal world. Check
out this pie chart, Housing, Utilities and Insurance should be 40% of your spending.
Living Expenses, that is food clothing and medicine 25%, Transportation 15%, and
that's everything, gas and your monthly, um, bill, savings 5%, debt 5%, Education and
child care to be 6%, recreation 4%.
And of course your situation will vary. These are just guidelines on what your budget
should look like. So, how do you go about tracking your expenses and allocating that
money? One idea here is to go online, track your income and your outgo. Websites
like CNNMoney can help or software like can help you organize
yourself when it comes to your savings and your spending. Currently Quicken has a
free online version where you can track all of your money on one page where you can
see your retirement and checking accounts all at one time. What’s more, the program
will calculate where your money is being spent and how your progressing towards
goals and even get alerts if your balance is low.
I'm Gerri Willis for .

Vocabulary:

1. financial house: 金融商行
2. money journal: 花费记账簿
3. allocate: To set apart for a special purpose分配
4. pie chart: a circle divided into parts by lines coming from the centre to show how
big the different parts of a total amount are饼形统计图
5. utility: a service such as gas or electricity provided for people to use
6. outgo: Something that goes out, especially an expenditure or a cost花费或支出
7. balance: Something that is left over账户中的余额