真空采血器-kl是什么意思
Unit 6
Short Dialogues
Multiple Choice
Dialog 1
W:
Morning, sir! What can I do for you?
M: Would
you tell me about the documents needed for the
documentary
collection business?
W: All
right. The documents needed for collection are the
bill of lading,
certificate of inspection,
certificate of insurance, and a sight draft for DP
and a usance draft for DA.
M: What should
be stated in a bill of lading?
W: Many items,
of course. For example, unit price and amount of
goods, ports
of loading and destination, price
and payment terms, latest shipment date
and
validity of the LC, the name and address of the
shipper and carrier.
And in the space of
consignee, you should write the words “To Order”
instead of the importer’s name.
Question:
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the
documents needed for the
collection business?
(C)
译文
女： 早上好！先生。需要我们为您做些什么吗？
男：
你可以给我讲讲托收需要哪些单据吗？
女：
好。托收需要的单据有提单、检验证明、保险证明，如果是付款交单要有即
期汇票，如果是承兑交单要有远期汇票。
男： 提单上应该写些什么呢？
女：
当然有许多项目。例如，货物的单价和数量，装运码头和目的地、价格和付
款条件、最迟装运日期和信用证的有效期、托运人和承运人的姓名和地址
等。而且在收货人一栏，你应该填写“To Order ( 凭指示交货)”的字样，而
不是进口商的姓名。
Dialog 2
M: Hello,
Madam! I’ve checked the letter of credit you
advised yesterday.
Well, I’ve found that some
terms and conditions do not match the clauses
of the sales contract. I want to order the
issuing bank to make some
amendment. Could you
help me, please?
W: No problem, sir. But I
don’t think you have the right to give any order
to the issuing bank. You’d better inform the
applicant of the matter and
negotiate with
him, requiring him to give instructions to his
bank to
amend the credit.
M: All right.
Thank you. I’ll call him right away.
Question:
What are they talking about? (B)
译文
男： 您好，女士。我已经检查了你们昨天通知我的信用证。嗯，我觉得有些条款
与销售合约的条款不相符。我打算指示开证行进行修改。您能帮助我吗？
女：
没问题，先生。但我认为您没有权利对开证行作仸何指示。您最好把有关问
题通知开证申请人，与他协商，要求他指示他的银行修改信用证。
男：
好。谢谢。我马上给他电话。
Dialog 3
W: Hello,
Smith Law Office.
M: Hello, Madam! I want to
have some advice from you. I’ve got the notice
of dishonor from my remitting bank. What
should I do if I want to sue the
drawee for
the dishonor?
W: Well, you can require the
presenting bank to protest the bill. A notary
public there will help you and issue a Deed of
Protest. It will state the
reason of dishonor
and provide legal evidence of dishonor acceptable
to a
court of law.
Question: What can we
learn from the conversation? (A)
译文
女： 您好，史密斯律师事务所。
男：
您好，女士。我希望得到您的建议。我收到托收行给我转来的拒付通知书。
假如我要起诉受票人拒付，应该怎么办？
女：
是这样，您可以要求提示行把票据做成拒付证书。那里的公证人会帮助您开
立一份拒付证书。拒付证书会注明拒付的原因，提供符合法律要求的且法庭
可以接受的拒付证明。
Dialog 4
M: Excuse
me, Madam. Would you please tell me how to send an
LC to my
supplier in a foreign country after I
apply for it?
W: In banking practice, the
issuing bank will send the LC to its correspondent
bank in the country of your supplier. The
correspondent bank will be
required to advise
the LC to the named beneficiary. You know, the
bank is
called the advising bank.
M: I see
that the LC is not sent through the post office.
Question: Who will be responsible for the
advice of the LC to the beneficiary? (C)
译文
男： 您好，女士。麻烦您告诉我怎么把我申请的信用证寄送给外国的供货商，好
吗？
女： 按银行惯例，开证行会把信用证寄送给供货商所在国的代理行。开证行会要
求代理行把信用证通知给受益人。您知道，代理行又叫做通知行。
男：
我懂了，信用证不是经过邮局送递的。
Short Answer Questions
Scripts & Answers
Dialog 1
W:
Excuse me, sir. Please insert the complete address
and full name of the
drawee in the space here.
M: OK. Thank you. Is it all right?
W:
Exactly correct, sir. Would you please state here
the way of sending the
notice of dishonor in
the event of non-payment or non-acceptance? Which
would you prefer, by cable or by mail?
M:
Either by email or by fax, I think. Who on earth
sends messages by mail
now? Here is my email
address and fax number.
Question: What do you
think the bank will send to the man by email or by
fax according
to the conversation?
The
notice of dishonor.
译文
女：
不好意思，先生。请在这里填写受票人的地址和姓名的全称。
男： 好。谢谢您。这样对吗？
女： 完全正确，先生。请您在这里注明，如果发生拒付或者拒绝承兑，如何寄送
拒付通知。您愿意用哪种方法，电报还是信件？
男：
我想用邮件或传真。现在还有谁用信件传送消息？这是我的邮件地址和传
真号。
Dialog 2
W: Mr. Green, the beneficiary of
the No. 675342 LC has presented the
documents
to our bank for negotiation. What shall we do
next?
M: We will check the documents against
the terms and conditions of the LC.
If they
are OK, we will negotiate the documents at current
discount rate.
Then we’ll send the documents
to the issuing bank for reimbursement.
W: I
see. Thank you.
Question: What kind of role
does the bank play in the LC business according to
the
conversation?
The bank plays the role
of a negotiating bank in the LC business.
译文
女： 格林先生，675342
号信用证的受益人已经向我行提示单据要求议付。我们应
该怎么做？
男：
我们要根据信用证的条款来核对那些单据。如果没问题，我们就按现行贴现
率议付单据，然后把单据寄送给开证行要求偿付。
女： 我明白了。谢谢您。
Dialog 3
M: Hi, Jane. I’m told that the
importer wants to open a revocable documentary
credit in favor of our company. Is that true?
W: Exactly true. But I declined the request.
You know that a revocable credit
may increase
credit risk on our part. We’d better require him
to open an
irrevocable documentary
credit.
M: I can’t agree with you more. What
about confirmation? Shall we require
our bank
to add its confirmation to the credit?
W: You
are talking my language.
Question: What kind
of letter of credit will be issued according to
the woman?
An irrevocable confirmed
documentary credit will be issued.
译文
男： 嗨，简。我听说进口商要求开立以我们公司为受益人的可撤销信用证。是真
的吗？
女： 千真万确。但我拒绝了。您知道可撤销信用证对我方会增加信用风险。我们
最好要求他开立不可撤销信用证。
男：
我完全同意。保兑呢？我们可以要求我们的银行对信用证加以保兑吗？
女： 您说的就是我想的。
Listening & Simulating
Scripts &
Answers
Dialog 1
W: Excuse me, sir.
Have you finished the collection order? All right,
let me
have a check. Oh, sir, you forgot to
state the instruction of DA or DP
here.
M:
Is it critical to the collection?
W:
Absolutely important. Without DP or DA
instruction, the collecting bank
will only
release documents against payment according to
URC522.
译文
女：
先生，打扰了，您的托收申请表填好了吗？好，我检查一下。哦，先生，您忘
记在这里写明“承兑交单”还是“付款交单”了。
男： 这对托收重要吗？
女：
绝对重要。没有填写“承兑交单”还是“付款交单”，根据522 号《托收统一
规则》，代收行只能按付款交单放行单据。
Dialog 2
M:
Would you mind telling me the advantage of
deferred payment credit?
W: Right you are,
sir. If you are going to issue a deferred payment
credit, you
need not pay stamp duty on the
bill of exchange under the credit because
no
draft is required.
M: Oh, I see. But there
will be risk on the part of the beneficiary since
he will
not get his payment at maturity.
W: Don’t worry about the payment. The credit
is a definite undertaking of
payment given by
the issuing bank.
译文
男：
请给我讲讲延期付款信用证的好处，好吗？
女：
好的，先生。如果您打算开立延期付款信用证，您就不必为信用证项下的汇
票支付印花税，因为根本不需要汇票。
男：
哦，我明白了。但对于受益人来说可能有风险，因为到期他可能拿不到付款。
女：
不用担心付款。信用证就是开证行给您的一个确定的付款承诺。
Dialog 3
W: Sorry, Professor. A question puzzles me so
much. Is there any distinction
between a
standby LC and a commercial LC?
M: Yes, of
course. There is a simple method to tell the
difference. Just
remember that in the event of
dishonor or default in payment or default
in
the performance of contract, a standby LC will be
set off, otherwise a
commercial LC will be
used and it is a method of payment in the ordinary
trade.
W: I understand that the standby LC
is used as a guarantee in the transactions
and
the guarantor is the issuing bank.
译文
女： 对不起，教授。我有个问题弄不清，备付信用证与商业信用证有区别吗？
男：
当然有啊。有个简单方法来区分。只要记住，在发生拒付或者不能履行合约
的时候，备付信用证才被启用，否则，在正常的贸易中，一般使用商业信用
证作为付款手段。
女： 我明白，在交易中，备付信用证被用作为担保，而担保人就是开证行。
Long Conversations
Conversation 1 Types of
Letters of Credit
Scripts & Answers
W: Morning, Professor!
M: Morning, Zhang!
What are you reading?
W: Oh, I’m reading my
textbook of International Settlement, Professor.
I’ve a test
tomorrow. I have to review the
subject. I want to get a top grade this time.
M: Very good. Now I’ll give you an oral test
to see how much you have learnt about the
course.
W: I’d love to, Professor. Please,
I’m ready.
M: Well, would you tell me the
types of letters of credit?
W: Oh! It is a big
question, but I’m sure I can give the answer.
There are many types of
letters of credit. For
example, we may divide letters of credit into
documentary credits
and clean credits
according to whether or not it is accompanied by
shipping documents.
And the former one is
frequently used in international trade.
M:
Well, you do tip-top. Go ahead.
W: OK. All the
letters of credits must state whether they are
revocable or irrevocable, and
irrevocable
credits are usually acceptable in foreign trade,
because the irrevocable
credits cannot be
modified or cancelled without agreement of all the
parties concerned.
M: Too right you
are! How about the transferable documentary
credits?
W: The t ransferable documentary
credit is one that specif ically authorizes the
beneficiary to transfer part or whole of the
benefits of the letter of credit to someone
else. Thus an exporter abroad can arrange the
shipment of goods after the importer
opens a
transferable credit in favor of the exporter, and
then he may transfer the
benefits of the
credit to the actual supplier or suppliers of the
goods through a
transferring bank.
M: Are
there any other types of credits?
W: Yes, of
course. Letters of credit may be classified into
confirmed credits and
unconfirmed credits
according to whether or not a third bank adds its
confirmation
to the letter of credit. The
third bank will only confirm payment for the
irrevocable
credit at the request of the
issuing bank. According to UCP600, the issuing
bank
undertakes the primary payment, and the
confirming bank undertakes the secondary
payment. It is generally stated in the advice
of the letter of credit by the confirming
bank
as “The credit is confirmed by us” or “We hereby
add our confirmation to this
credit”.
Sometimes the confirming bank may undertake the
primary payment, and the
words will appear
like this “This credit bears our confirmation and
we undertake that
documents presented for
payment in conformity with the terms of this
credit will be
duly paid on presentation.”
Without such words in the advice of the letter of
credit, it is
an unconfirmed credit.
M:
Well done. Go on, please.
W: In addition,
depending on the time of payment, letters of
credit can also be divided
into sight credits
and usance credits. The bill of exchange drawn
under a usance credit
is usually a usance
draft and it must be accepted by the issuing bank
or a nominated
bank. So the usance credit is
also named as an acceptance credit. There are also
payment credits or negotiation credits just
according to who will make payment on
the
presentation of the credit. If it is stated to be
payable directly by the issuing bank
or some
nominated bank, it is a payment credit. If it is
stated to be negotiated by the
advising bank
or any other bank, it is a negotiation credit.
M: Excellent. You’ve really done well. I’m
sure you’ve made it. I would give you an “A” if
you were my student.
W: Thank you very
much, Professor. You know, my dream is to become a
banker.
M: Come on! Your dream will come true,
I’m positive.
译文
女： 早上好，教授。
男：
早上好，张同学。你在看什么书？
女：
哦，我的《国际结算》课本，教授。明天有考试。我必须复习这门课。我希
望这次可以拿个最好成绩。
男： 很好。现在我就给你口试一下，看你学得怎么样？
女：
太好了，教授。开始吧。我准备好了。
男： 行。你能说说信用证的种类吗？
女：
哦，这可是个大问题。但我肯定能答得出来。信用证有很多种类。例如，我
们可以根据是否随附有运输单据，将信用证分为跟单信用证和光票信用证。
前者常常使用于国际贸易中。
男： 好，不错。继续。
女：
好。所有的信用证必须注明是可撤销还是不可撤销。对外贸易中通常接受不
可撤销信用证，因为没有相关各方的同意，不可撤销信用证不能被修改或被
撤销。
男： 你说得太对了。说说可转让信用证吧？
女：
可转让信用证特别授权给受益人将信用证的部分或全部权益转让给其他人。
这样，进口商开立了以外国出口商为受益人的可转让信用证以后，他可以安排
货物的装运，然后通过转让行把信用证的部分或全部权益转让给实际供货商
或供货商们。
男： 还有其他种类的信用证吗？
女：
当然有。根据是否有第三家银行对信用证加以保兑，信用证分保兑信用证和
无保兑信用证。第三家银行一般应开证行的要求只对不可撤销信用证加以保
兑。根据600
号《跟单信用证统一惯例》，开证行承担付款第一责仸，保兑
行承担第二责仸。保兑行通常在信用证的通知书中写明“本信用证由我行保兑”
或者“我行对此信用证加以保兑”等字样。有时，保兑行可能对信用证的付款
承担主要责仸，保兑行会使用这些语句：“我行承担本信用证的保兑责仸，只
要提示的单据与信用证条款相符，我行保证及时支付。”如果信用证通知书上
没有这样的语句，那就是无保兑信用证。
男： 太棒了。请继续。
女：
此外，信用证按照付款时间可以分为即期信用证和远期信用证, 远期信用证
项下的汇票一般是远期汇票，必须由开证行或者其他指定的银行承兑该汇票。
所以远期信用证也被冠名为承兑信用证。信用证还根据对谁提示单据并获得
付款而分为直接付款信用证和议付信用证。如果信用证注明由开证行付款或
某指定银行付款，这就是直接付款信用证。如果信用证注明由通知行或者仸
何银行议付，这就是议付信用证。
男：
太好了。你答得的确不错。我确信你学会了。如果你是我的学生，我会给你
一个“A”。
女： 非常感谢，教授。您知道，我的梦想就是成为一名银行家。
男：
加油。我肯定你的梦想会成真的。
Conversation 2 The
Procedure for LC Business
Scripts &
Answers
W: Hello, Johnson! How are you?
M:
Nothing really. What about you?
W: Quite well.
I’m busy preparing for the final examination. I’ve
reviewed the whole book
of International
Settlement.
M: What you said reminds me of
some problems in my study. I have an elective
course this
term. My homework is to tell
something about the LC business tomorrow. Would
you
lend me a hand?
W: It is a pleasure,
Johnson. Well, you know, a letter of credit is
issued by the issuing
bank to the beneficiary.
It’s the issuing bank’s undertaking to pay the
beneficiary if
the shipment has been made
under the credit and all the documents presented
are
complying with the terms and
conditions of the credit.
M: So a letter of
credit serves as a conditional payment promise of
the issuing bank. Am I
right?
W: Exactly
correct.
M: Please give me an example to show
the procedure of the operation of LCs.
W:
Suppose ABC is an export-oriented corporation in
Beijing. XYZ is an import company
with good
credit standing in the United State. They have
concluded a sales contract.
The settlement of
the transaction is to be made by the means of an
irrevocable letter of
credit. XYZ will ask its
bank to issue an irrevocable letter of credit in
favor of ABC to
cover the contract. Now, we
say ABC is the beneficiary, and XYZ is the
applicant of the
LC, and the importer’s bank
is the issuing bank.
M: Now, will ABC receive
the letter of credit directly from XYZ?
W:
Absolutely no. You see, a letter of credit is
usually advised through the issuing bank’s
correspondent in the place of the beneficiary.
So the correspondent bank is called
advising
bank.
M: What will the advising bank do after
receiving the LC from the issuing bank?
W: It
will verify the authenticity of the letter of
credit by some test key and see if the LC is
true.
M: It is the step of checking LC.
And then?
W: It will send the original letter
of credit to the beneficiary and keep the copy on
file.
M: So ABC has got the promise of payment
from the importer’s bank.
W: Right. Now ABC
starts to effect shipment of goods and prepare the
required documents.
M: Will ABC get the
payment as soon as the shipment is effected?
W: No. After the shipment, the beneficiary
will draw a sight draft on the issuing bank and
present the letter of credit together with the
draft and all the required documents to the
advising bank in Beijing.
M: What will the
advising bank do now?
W: The advising bank
will review all the documents. If they are OK, the
bank will
negotiate the documents according to
the terms of the credit. In this case, the
advising
bank acts as a negotiating bank.
M: And then the issuing bank will pay the
negotiating bank, right?
W: Of course. The
issuing bank will reimburse the negotiating bank
if it makes sure that all
the documents
presented are complying with the terms and
conditions of the credit.
M: Is it the end of
the business?
W: No. The issuing bank will
inform the XYZ of the arrival of the documents,
and require
the company to repay the proceeds
to the bank. And then the documents will be
released to XYZ and XYZ will get the goods
from the shipping company against the
documents.
M: Oh, the operation of an LC
is more complicated than what I thought.
W:
Exactly. We should be careful when we handle the
credit business, especially we should
be
prudent in observing the credit terms and
documents, or there will be a loss for both
the customer and the bank.
M: Yes, I’ll
keep it in mind. I think I’ve learnt a lot. It is
a great help to my presentation.
Thanks a
million.
W: You are welcome. See you
later.
M: See you.
译文
女：
您好，约翰逊。过的怎么样？
男： 差不多吧。您呢？
女：
很好。我正在准备期末考试。我已经复习了《国际结算》整本书。
男：
您这话使我想起了学习中的一些问题。这学期我有一门选修课。明天的作业
是讲讲信用证业务。您能帮助我吗？
女：
很高兴，约翰逊。哦，您知道，信用证是开证行开给受益人的。它是开证行
付款给受益人的保证，条件是按照信用证的要求装运货物，并且提示的单据
与信用证条款相符。
男： 所以信用证就是开证行的有条件的付款承诺。对吗？
女： 完全正确。
男： 请用例子说明信用证业务的操作步骤，好吗？
女：
假如ABC 是北京的一家以出口为主的公司。XYZ 是美国的一家信誉不错的进
口公司。他们签订了销售合约。打算用不可撤销信用证结算交易。XYZ 要求
其银行开立以ABC 为受益人的不可撤销信用证来付款。现在，我们说ABC
是信用证的受益人，XYZ 是开证申请人，进口商的银行是开证行。
男： ABC
这时是收到XYZ 直接寄来的信用证吗？
女：
绝对不是。您知道，信用证一般是通过开证行在受益人所在地的代理行通知
给受益人的。所以代理行被叫做通知行。
男：
通知行收到开证行送来的信用证以后做什么呢？
女： 它会使用某种密押核实信用证的真伪。
男： 这就是审证吧。然后呢？
女： 它会把信用证原件交给受益人，保留一份复印件存档。
男： 这样ABC 就拿到了进口商银行的付款承诺。
女： 对。现在ABC
开始组织装运，准备需要的单据。
男： ABC 完成装运后就可以拿到付款吗？
女：
不行。装运后，受益人会开立一张以开证行为受票人的即期汇票，然后把信
用证、汇票和所有必需单据一起提示给北京的通知行。
男： 通知行现在做什么呢？
女： 通知行要审单。如果单据没问题，银行会按照信用证条款议付单据。这时，
通知行充当议付行。
男： 然后开证行就会付款给议付行，对吧？
女：
当然啦。只要开证行确认提示的单据与信用证的条款相符，它将偿付议付行。
男： 就这些吗？
女： 没结束呢。开证行要把单据已到的消息通知给XYZ，要求该公司付款赎单。
然后XYZ 凭单据从装运公司得到货物。
男：
哦。我觉得信用证业务的操作比我想象的复杂得多。
女：
的确。我们处理信用证时千万要仔细，尤其是在审查信用证条款和单据时要
谨慎。否则客户和银行都会遭受损失。
男：
是。我会记住的。我感到今天学到了很多。这对我明天的演讲很有用。非常
感谢。
女： 别客气。再见。
男： 再见。
IV
Lectures
Lecture 1 Documentary Collections
Scripts & Answers
All right, class.
Let’s begin to study the operation of documentary
collections.
A documentary collection can be
defined as the collection of a specified sum of
money from
a buyer on behalf of a seller
against delivery of certain documents.
Documentary collections facilitate the
settlement of foreign trade transactions. The
collection service provided by a bank involves
little risk and appears to be the least expensive.
Under the URC522, once the documents are
passed to the bank by the exporter, the bank has
an absolute right over the goods through the
title documents. The right includes releasing
documents, protecting, warehousing and
delivering goods on behalf of the exporter.
There are generally four parties involved in a
documentary collection:
The first party is the
principal. He is usually the seller or exporter,
who presents the
documents to his bank
together with collection instructions.
The
second party is the exporter’s bank. It is called
a remitting bank since it sends the collection
letter and all the documents to the importer’s
bank for collection at the request of the
exporter.
The third party is the importer’s
bank. It is called the collecting bank or a
presenting bank
because it handles the actual
collection of money from the importer and remits
the proceeds to
the remitting bank according
to the instructions in collection order.
The
last party is the importer or the drawee. The
exporter draws a bill of exchange on him
and
the collecting bank presents documents to him for
payment or for acceptance.
The operation of a
documentary collection will go in the following
procedure:
The exporter ships his goods and
obtains documents of title from the shipping
company
after the sales contract has been
signed. Then he hands in the following documents
to the
remitting bank:
1) a bill of
exchange drawn on the importer;
2) a complete
set of clean, shipped on board original bills of
lading and other relevant
documents;
3) a
collection order which contains all the
instructions on the collection.
On receiving
all the documents from the principal, the
remitting bank will send all the
documents and
a collection order to the collecting bank.
If
it is a DP collection, the collecting bank will
release the documents to the importer only
against his payment. If it is a DA collection,
the collecting bank will release the documents to
the importer against his acceptance of a
usance draft. After the payment is made, the
collecting
bank will then remit the proceeds
to the remitting bank, who will then credit it to
the exporter’s
account.
译文
好了，各位同学。我们开始学习跟单托收业务。
跟单托收可以定义为代表卖方，根据特定的单
据从买方处收取特定金额的款项。跟单托收有
利于
外贸交易的结算。银行提供的托收业务风险很小，而且费用最低。按照《第522
号国际商务
托收统一
规则》，出口商一旦把单据交给银行，银行因为持有物权证书而对货物有
绝对的权利。其权
利包括代表
出口商放行单据、保护货物、将货物入仓和交付货物等。
跟单托收通常涉及四方：
首先是委托人。
委托人通常是卖方或出口商，是他把托收指示和单据一起提交给他的银行。
其次是出口商的开户行。
该行应出口商的要求把托收函和所有的单据寄给进口商的银行要
求其代
收货款，因此被称为委托行或托收行。
第三方是进口商的开户行。该行按照托收委托书的指示办理从进口商处收取款项并将货款汇
给托
收行等具体事宜，因此被称为代收行或收款行，也被称为提示行。
金融英语听说-教师用书
141 2011.1.11 2:20:20 PM
金融英语听说
142
最后是进口商或受票人。出口商开立以其为受票人的汇票，代收行向其提示单据要求其付款
或承
兑汇票。
跟单托收业务的运作步骤如下：
签订了销售合约后，出口商装运货物，从
装运公司取得物权证书，然后将如下单据提交给托
收行：
1、以进口商为受票人的汇票；
2、全套已装船的清洁正本提单以及其他相关单据；
3、包括全部托收指示的托收委托书。
托收行收到委托人提交的所有单据后，将全部单据和托收委托书寄交给代收行。
如果是付款交单托收，代收行将仅凭进口商的付款放行单据。如果是承兑交单托交，代收行
将凭
进口商对远期汇票的承兑放行单据。付款之后，代收行将货款汇给托收行，托收行将款项贷
记到
出口
商的银行账户。
Lecture 2 Means of
International Settlement
Scripts &
Answers for Reference
Good morning, ladies and
gentlemen. Yesterday, we learned about documentary
collections
and documentary letters of credit,
including their types, the parties concerned and
the operation
procedure of the business.
Today, I’d like to say a few words about some
other means of
international settlement as
well as payment.
First, open account. Open
account is a contractual arrangement between the
buyer and
seller. By the arrangement, the
goods are manufactured and delivered before
payment is made. It
is obvious that the buyer
will have more benefits from the arrangement since
he will pay for the
goods or services after he
receives, inspects, and even sells them. From the
seller’s perspective,
he releases the
title document to the goods without having
assurance of payment from the buyer
or from
the buyer’s bank. So any political, legal and
economic issues in the buyer’s country will
give rise to the risks of nonpayment.
Secondly, cash in advance. Cash in advance
means that the buyer makes payment to the
seller prior to the shipment of goods or
delivery of services. Although this method of
settlement
is not only expensive but involves
risks from the buyer’s perspective, it is often
used due to
popular demand for particular
goods or services. Besides, the seller may require
to settle the
transaction on the basis of cash
in advance if he does not think that the buyer’s
credit worthiness
is sound, or there is
unstable political or economic environment in the
buyer’s country, or there
is a potential delay
in the transfer of funds from the buyer due to
events beyond the buyer’s
control.
As to
methods of payment, I think remittance should be
mentioned. People often remit
their proceeds
directly to their creditors’ bank account through
banks via different methods of
payment, such
as MT, TT, or DD. Recently, MT, mail transfer, and
DD, demand draft, are
not generally acceptable
because of the speed and safety. TT, telegraphic
transfer, however,
is operated in the way to
debit the customer’s account with the amount
payable, plus banking
charges, and then credit
that money to the account of the beneficiary with
a named overseas
bank under advice to it. The
instructions or advice to the overseas bank are
sent by telex or by
the special form of SWIFT.
Some special authenticating code word or test key
will be required
by the bank before it makes
the operations. Nowadays, people may prefer to
transfer money
from one account to another via
internet at home.
译文
早上好，女士们，先生们。昨天我们
学习了跟单托收和跟单信用证，包括其种类、涉及的各
方以及
操作程序等。今天，我想讲讲一些其他的国际结算方式。
首先是赊销或赊账。赊销是买卖双方的一种合约安排。按照合约，卖方在货款未付的情况下
生产
并交付货物。显然，这种安排对买方有利，因为他是在收到货物，检查了货物，甚至于出售
货物
以后再
付款。从卖方的角度，他放行了货物的物权证书而没有获得买方或者买方银行出具的仸何关于付款的
保证。因此买方所在国的仸何政治、经济或者法律方面的问题都会产生拒付的风险。
其次是预付现金。预付现金表示买方在货物装运或劳务交付之前付款给卖方。从买方的角度，
尽
管这种付款方法不仅昂贵而且有风险，可是由于某些货物或劳务深受欢迎而常常被采用。另
外，
当卖方
不信仸买方的信用，或者买方国的政治或经济环境不稳定，或者存在非买方能够控制的事件可能会推
迟货款的到达等，卖方会要求按照预付款的方式结算。
关于付款方式，我认为应该谈谈汇款。人们经常用各种方式通过银行直接将钱款汇到债权人
的银
行账户，比如信汇、电汇和票汇等。现在，由于速度和安全问题，人们不大使用信汇和票汇。
T
T，即
电汇，是将应付金额从客户的银行账户付出，加上银行手续费，再将其贷记到指
定的外国某
银行的收
款人账户，同时通知该银行。给外国银行的贷记通知或指示是通过电传或
全球银行间金融电
信协会
（SWIFT）的特殊格式发送的。一般要求银行在汇款前使用某些
验证密码或密钥进行验证。
目前，人们
可能更愿意在家里通过因特网将资金从一个账户转到另一个账户。