五年级下册英语培训-晶胞参数
计算机专业英语试题题库
2009-06-16 16:02
Data
is a collection of un-organized facts, which can
include words, numbers, images,
and sounds.
数据是未经组织的事实的集合,数据可以包括单词,数字,图像和
声音.
A
computer consists of a variety of hardware
components that work together with
software to
perform calculations(计算), organize data, and
communicate with other
computer.
计算机由许多硬件部件构成,这些硬件与软件一起工
作,以便执行计算,组织数据及与其他计算机通信的
任务.
These hardware components include input
devices, output devices, a system unit,
storage devices, and communications devices.
硬件部件包括输入设备,输出设备,系统单元 ,存储设备和通信设备.
An input
device allows a user to enter data and commands
into the memory of a
computer.
输入设备让用户向计算机存储器输入数据和命令.
Storage differs
from memory ,which can hold these items
permanently(永久的),
whereas memory holds these
memory holds items only temporarily(暂时的)。
外存储器与内存储器不同,外存储器能永久保存数据而内存储器仅临时保存.
A hard
disk provides much greater storage capacity than a
floppy disk.
硬盘能比软盘提供更大的存储容量.
Four common
storage devices are a floppy disk drive, a hard
disk drive, a CD-ROM
drive, and a DVD-ROM
drive.
四种常用的外存设备分别是:软盘驱动器,硬盘驱动器,CD-
ROM驱动器和
DVD-ROM驱动器.
The central processing
unit (CPU), sometimes referred to as the
processor, interprets
(解释)and carries out the
basic instructions that operate a computer.
中央处理器(CPU)有时也称处理器,用来解释并执行基本的计算机操作指令.
In
the system unit, a computer’s memory stores data,
instructions, and information.
在系统单元中,计算机的存储器存储数据,指令和信息.
ROM(Read-Only
Memory) is a memory chip that only can be read and
used; that is ,
it cannot be modified(修改)。
ROM是一种只能读取,不能修改的存储器.
Four commonly used input
devices are the keyboard, the mouse, a microphone,
and a
PC camera. 四种常用的输入设备包括键盘,鼠标,一个扩音器和一个摄像头.
An optical scanner reads printed text and
graphics and then translates the results into a
form computer can use.
光学扫描仪读入印刷文本和图形,然后将其翻译成计算
机能使用的形式.
Resolution typically is measured in dots per
inch (dpi), and is stated as the number of
columns and rows of dots.
分辨率通常是由每英寸的像点数来衡量,并以行数与列
数说明.
Output is
data that has been processed into useful form
called information. That is, a
computer
processes input into output.
经处理而成为有用的信息形式的数据就是输出.计算机将输入进行处理而成为输
出.
To store such sounds, a computer
converts the sounds from a continuous analog
signal
into a digital format.
为了存储声音,计算机将其从模拟信号转换成数字格式.
An output device is
any computer component capable of conveying(传送)
information to a user.
输出设备是能传送信息给用户的计算机部件.
Display devices include
CRT monitors, flat-panel displays.
显示设备有CRT显示器,平板显示仪.
Color monitors are used
widely with all types of computers because most of
today’s
software is designed to display
information in color.
由于目前大多数软件能显示彩色信息,彩色显示器被广泛用于所有类型的计算机
中。
Each dot, called a pixel, is a single point in
an electronic image.
每个颗粒,称作像素,是一个图片的单个点。
This cycle of input, process, output, and
storage is called the information processing
cycle .
输入,处理,输出,和存储的这种循环成之为信息处理循环。
The quality of a monitor’s display depends
largely on its resolution, dot pitch, and
refresh rate.
显示器的显示质量很大程度上取决于它的分辨率点距和刷新
率。
An 8-bit
video card uses 8 bits to store information about
each pixel, and thus can
display 256 different
colors.
一个8位视频卡对于每一个像素用8个位存储信息,因而能显示256种不同的颜
色。
Three commonly used types of nonimpact
printers are ink-jet printers, laser printers,
and thermal printer.
三种常用的非击打式打印机是喷墨打印机,激光打印机和热
敏打印机。
An ink-jet
printer is a type of nonimpact printer that forms
characters and graphics by
spraying tiny drops
of liquid ink onto piece of paper.
喷墨打印机是一种非击打式
打印机,通过向纸上喷洒微小的液体油墨滴而形成字符和图形。
Software is the series of instruction that
tells the hardware how to perform tasks.
软件是告知计算机硬件如何执行任务的一系列指令。
A printer produces
text and graphics on paper or other hardcopy
medium.
打印机是在纸上或在其它硬拷贝介质上产生文本和图形。
Memory,
which is composed of one or more chips on the
motherboard, holds data and
instructions while
they are being processed by the CPU.
当执行一条处理指令时,CPU需要一个地方来暂时保存执行的指令和执行指令
所需的数据。
A monitor, which looks like a television
screen, is used to display text and graphics.
显示器看起来像一个电视屏幕,常用来显示文本,图形。
A storage medium
is the physical materials on which items are kept.
存储介质是一种能使内容被保存的物质材料,通常使用的存储介质是磁盘。
Storage
devices can function as sources of input and
output.
存储设备能作为输入和输出源使用。
A storage
device transfers data, instructions and
information from memory to a
storage medium—a
process called writing—it functions as an output
source. 存储设
备从内存往存储介质中传输数据,指令和信息时,这个过程我们
称之为写,它的
功能就是作为输出源。
A storage device
transfers data, instructions and information from
a storage medium
to memory—a process called
reading —it functions as an input source. 存储设<
br>备每次从存储介质往内存中传输数据,指令和信息时,这个过程我们称之为读,
它的功能就是作为
输入源。
The size of a storage device is measured
by the number of bytes it can hold.
存储设备的大小是用它能容纳的字节的数目来衡量。
The system unit is
a box-like case made of metal or plastic that
houses the computer
electronic circuitry(电路).
系统单元是一个盒状的金属或塑料箱,内有计算
机电子电路。
Two main
components on the motherboard are the central
processing unit (CPU) and
memory.
在母板上有两个主要的部件:中央处理器和内存储器。
Some computer
components, such as the processor and memory
resided the system
unit; that is, they are
internal. 有些计算机部件如处理器和内存,常驻在系统单
元内。
Communication describes a process in which one
computer transfers data, instructions
and
information to another computer.
通信是描述计算机之间传输数据,指令和信息的一个处理过程。
E-mail is the
exchange of text messages and computer files via a
communications
network.
E-mail通过通信网络来进行文本信息和计算机文化的交换。
An important
aspect of communications is channel, which is the
communications path
between two devices.
通信的一个重要方面就是通道,是指两个通信设备之间的
通信路径。
A
communications channel is composed of one or more
transmission media.
一个信道是由一种或多种传输介质组成的。
Broadcast radio is a wireless transmission
medium that distributes radio signals
through
the air over long distances such as between
cities, regions, and countries.
广播无线电是一种无线
传输介质,通过空气在一个长距离的范围上传播无线电信
号,比如在两个城市
,地区和国家之间传播无线电信号。
Microwaves are radio
waves that provide high-speed signal transmission.
微波是一种提供高速信号传输的无线电波。
Some types of
communication media can transmit only one signal
at a time, called
baseband transmission, while
others can transmit multiple signal at
simultaneously(同
时地), called broadband
transmission.
这些介质中的有些类型只能一次传输一路信号,称之为基带传输,而其
他类型的
则能同时传输多路信号,称之为宽带传输。
A local area
network is a network that connects computers in a
limited geographical
area.
局域网就是在有限的地理范围内连接许多计算机的一个网络。
System
software consists of the programs that control the
operations of the computer
and its devices.
系统软件由各种程序组成,这些程序控制对计算机及其外设的
操作。
An
operating system is a set of programs containing
instructions that coordinate all of
the
activities among computer hardware resources.
操作系统是各种程序的集合。这些程序中包含用于协调计算机硬件资源的指令。
An
operating system also contains instructions that
allow you to run application
software.
操作系统也包含允许应用软件运行的指令。
A user interface is
the part of the software with which you interact.
用户界面是你用来和计算机互动的那部分软件。
A computer also can
hold data and information for future use in an
area called
storage.
一个电脑也称之为外部存储器,它在一个域上保存数据和信息以备后用。
A
database management system is a software program
or set of programs designed to
control access
to the database and manage the data resources
efficiently(有效地).
数据库管理系统是一个软件系统,用来有效地控制对数据库的访问和管理数据资
源。
zz from http:
Ⅲ.Translation.翻译(30分)
(一)Translate the following sentences into
Chinese.(将下列句子翻译成汉语。共
20分)
1.There are
several applications called Web browsers that make
it easy to access the
World Wide Web,two of
the most popular being Netscape Navigator and
Mierosoh's
Internet Explorer.
2. SQL
Server is designed to allow thousands of users to
access the database at the
same time and is a
true client/server database system。
3.During
the last few years,it has been realized that
maintenance of programs is
more expensive than
development,so reading of programs by humans is as
important
as writing them。
4.Some
applications,such as Word,allow for several
windows in a special mode
called MDI in which
you can open multiple documents within the same
application.
(二) Translate the following
paragraph into Chinese.(将下段文章翻译成汉语。
共10分)
Over the last few decades there has been a
tremendous growth in information
technology
and its impact on everyday life。Complex software
systems have become
critical to the operation
of many systems in areas such as
banking,communications,
manufacturing,power
generation,and transportation.Progress in computer
science
and accumulated experience with
industrial production of software have led to the
emergence of software engineering as a
separate discipline.The software engineering
discipline has been defined as“the application
of systematic,disciplined,quantifiable
approaches to the development,operation,and
maintenance of software.”that is,
the
application of engineering to software.
(一)Translate the following sentences into
Chinese.(将下列句子翻译成汉语。共
20分,每题5分)
1.有一
些叫做网络浏览器的应用软件,使用它能够很容易的访问万维网,其中
两个较流行的是Netscape
Navigator和Microsoft’sInternetExplorer.
2.SQLSe
rver用于允许成千上万的用户同时访问数据库,是一个真正的客户端
/服务器端的数据库系统。 <
br>3.在最近的几年,人们已经意识到程序的维护比开发更昂贵,因此阅读程序同
写程序同样的重要
。
4.一些应用软件,例如Word,允许几个窗口同时在一个叫做MDI(多文档界面)
的
模式下存在,你能够在一个软件中打开多个文档。
(二)Translate the
following paragraphin to
Chinese.(将下段文章翻译成汉语。
共10分)
在过去的几十年间,信息技术有了巨
大的发展,并且影响着我们每天的生活。复杂的软件系
统已经成为许多领域的关键,如银行,通信,制造
业,电力,交通等。随着计算机科学的进
步和工业生产经验的积累,导致软件工程作为一个独立的标准出
现。软件工程规范已经被定
义为“应用系统的、规范的、量化的方法开发、操作和维护软件。”也就是说
,使用工程的
方法开发软件。
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