定语从句中that和which的用法

定语从句中的that和which的用法
引导定语从句的关系代词有：that（指人或物）,which
（指物）,who (指人）.指人时可用that或who ；指物时可
用that 或which 。
Th at和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语
时可以省略。指物时，两者一般可以互换，但在 下列情况
下只能用that：
1） 当先行词是all ,any ,anything ,everything ,nothing
或被它们修饰时.例如：
Is there anything that I can do for you
有什么可以为你做的吗
All that can be done must be done .
凡是能做的都必须做.
2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时.例如：
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in
the bookshop .
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一.
The first thing that we should do is to get some food .
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的.
3）当先行词有：the only ,the very ,the same ,the last 等
修饰时.例如：

My necklace is not the only thing that's missing .
我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西.
4）当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词
用that ,不用which 或who .以避免重复.例如：
Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁
5）当先行词既有人又有物时,用that .例如：
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about
are really well known .
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名.

请注意: 以下几种只能使用which的情况:
1.

引导非限制性定语从句，用which。
2.在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用
which。
如： The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的
房子非常大。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is
speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。
注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的
句首， which就可换为that， 例如： This is the question
whichthat we've had so much discussion about. =This is the

question about which we've had so much discussion. 这就是
我们已经多次讨论过的问题。
3. 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系
代词通常只用which而不用that。
如：you should grasp well those skills which may be used
in the future work.