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定语从句中关系代词的用法(新、选)

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2020-10-23 06:28
tags:定语从句的用法

种子的英文-荒唐的反义词

2020年10月23日发(作者:史怀璧)


定语从句中关系代词的用法
在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从 句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词(定语从句所修饰
的词)之后。定语从句由关系词来引导,关系词有关 系代词和关系副词之分。关系代词有that,which,who,
whom,whose,as等; 关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:1)引导定语从 句;2)代替先行词;3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。如:
The car which my unele had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.句中which my uncle had just bought
是定语从句,修饰先行词the car;which是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the car,在定语从句中作
宾语。
表一:关系代词的用法
关系代词 指代对象及在
从句中所作的
成分
即指人又指物;
作主语或宾语
(作宾语时可
省略)
指物;作主语或
宾语(作宾语时
可省略)
使用要点

只用于限制性定语从
句中,介词后面不能
跟that。
当代替物时,可以与
which通用。
在非限定性定语从句
中,只宜用wh ich,不
能用that.在限定性定
语从句中,可用在介
词之后。
先行词 必须为人。
Who可代替在从句中
担任宾语的whom,若
前有介词,须用whom
例句

Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that
I gave her.
昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music.
我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100
years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里
that
which
who,whom 指人;作主语或
宾语(whom常
可省略)
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of
time watching TV.
“A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago has
joined the army.
我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。
The room whose window faces south is mine.
那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。
注意:whose指物时,常用of which结构来代替。
如:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be
repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will
soon be repaired.
whose 既指人又指物;是代词的所有格,
作定语 代物时,相当于of
which。


表二:用which不用that的情况
①which可以引导非限制
性定语从
句,that不能。
②which可以用在介词
后,that不可。
③一个句子中若有两个
定语从句,一个用that
引导。另一个不能再用
He had failed in the maths exam,which made his
father very angry.
他数学考试没及格,这使他父亲很生气。
That is the house in which Mark Twain used to live.
那是马克·吐温过去住的房子。
He bought an American magazine that could give him
so much English knowledge and which could help him
to kill the time.
word.


that,而用which。

他买了一本既可以丰富他的英语知识又可以消磨时
间的美国杂志。

表三:只用that不用which的情况(先行词是物)
①当先行词是不定代词如:all,little,few,much,I have said all that I want to say
none,anything,nothing,everything等时。 我想说的都说了。
②当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the
very,the only修饰时。
③ 当先行词被all,little,much,some,any,no,every
等不定代词修饰时 。
④当先行词由人、物等表示并列的词构成时。
⑤当主句是以which或who开头的特
殊疑问句时。
⑥当关系词在从句中作表语时,用
that,而且常省略。如:
⑦当主句是以there is.here is.it is开
头时用that不用which.

表四:关于as引导的定语从句
as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语
从句
和the same…as…,such…as… 结构中。

which和as都可以引导非限制性定 语从
句,as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放
在主句之前,也可放在主句之后甚至可
以 分割主句。which引导的非限性定语从
句只能放在主句之后。另外,as常有“正
如”“正 像”的含义。
This is the same knife as I lost yesterday.
这把刀子和我昨天丢的那把是一样的。
Don’t talk about such things as you don’t understand.
不要谈论你不懂的事情。
China is a developing country,as is known to all.
众所周知,中国是发展中国家。
John.as you know,is a writer.
正如你所知,约翰是个作家。
He was very rude to the customs officer,which of course made
things even worse.
他对海关官员非常无礼,这当然使事情更糟糕了。
This is the very book that I want to buy .
这正是我想要买的书
There is little work that you can do
几乎没有你能做的工作。
They talked about the men and the things that they saw
他们谈到了所见的人和事。
Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night?
他昨晚住的是哪家旅馆?
China isn’t the country(that)it used to be.
中国不再是以前的中国了。
There is a table in the corner that is folded away
有一张桌子被折叠放在角落里。
such后可接as引导的定语从句,也可接 We hope to get such a tool as he is using.
that引导的结果状语从句。 (as在从句作宾语)我们希望得到一件正像他在使用的工具。(定
语从句)
We hope to get such a tool that we can doour work better with
it.(that在从句中不作成分)我们希望得到这样一件工具以至于
我们能更好 地工作。(结果状语从句)
the same…as与the same…that引导的定
语从句的区别:
前者修饰的是与原物相似的东西;而后
者修
饰的就是先行词所指的东西。
This is the same watch as I lost.
这和我丢的那只手表一样。(不是同一只)
This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢失的那只手表。(同一只)
2.有时候 当先行词是表示时间、地点的词时,却不用when/where而用that/which引导。这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就可用that(which),否则可用wher e。
例如: I will remember the days that/which we spent together.
我会永远记住我们一起度过的日子。
word.


This is the factory that/which you visited yesterday.
这就足你昨天参观的工厂。
3.way作先行词时,关系代词的使用:
I don’t like the way(that/in which)he treats his parents.
我不喜欢他对待父母的方式。
4. that引导定语从句与名词性从句的不同:
The news that he told us is true.(定语从句)
他告诉我们的新闻是真的。
The news that our team has won is encouraging.(同位语从句)
我们队胜利的消息真令人振奋。
That he has won the first prize surprised everybody.(主语从句)
他获得一等奖的消息令每一个人都惊奇了。
My idea is that you shut the factory.(表语从句)
我的观点就是你应该关闭这家工厂。
He said that he was going to leave.(宾语从句)
他说他打算离开这里。


最新文件 仅供参考 已改成word文本 。 方便更改

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