看书英语怎么写-一页是一面还是一张
定语从句中关系代词的用法
在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从
句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词(定
语从句所修饰的词)之后。定语从句由关系词来引导,关系词有关
系代词和关系副词之分。关
系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;
关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:1)引导定语从
句;2)代替先行词;3)在定语从句中担当一个
成分。如:The car which my
unele had just bought was destroyed in the
earthquake.句中which
my uncle had just
bought是定语从句,修饰先行词the
car;which是引导定语从句的关系词,
代替先行词the car,在定语从句中作宾语。
表一:关系代词的用法
关系代词 指代对象及使用要点 例句
在从句中所
作的成分
that
即指人又指只用于限制性定语
Yesterday
Emily was wearing the new dress
物;作主语或从句中,介词后面
that
宾语(作宾语不能跟that。 I
gave her.
时可省略) 当代替物时,可以昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。
I
have a friend that likes listening to classical
与which通用。
music.
我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。
which
指物;作主语在非限定性定语从
My parents live in a
house which is more than
或宾语(作宾句中,只宜用
100
years old
语时可省略)
which,不能用that.我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房
在限定性定语从句子里
中,可用在介词之
后。
指人;作主语先行词必须为人。
A
couch potato is a person who spends a lot
who,whom
或宾语Who可代替在从句
of
(whom常可中担任宾语的time watching TV.
省略)
whom,若前有介“A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中
词,须用whom
的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago
has
joined the army.
我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。
whose
既指人又指是代词的所有格,
The room whose
window faces south is
物;作定语 代物时,相当于of mine.
which。 那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。
注意:whose指物时,常用of
which结构来
代替。如:
The classroom whose door is
broken will soon
be repaired.
=The
classroom the door of which is broken
will
soon be repaired.
表二:用which不用that的情况
①which可以引导非He had failed in the maths
exam,which made his
限制性定语从 father very angry.
句,that不能。 他数学考试没及格,这使他父亲很生气。
②which可以用在介That is the house in which Mark
Twain used to live.
词后,that不可。 那是马克·吐温过去住的房子。
③一个句子中若有两
He bought an American magazine
that could give him
个定语从句,一个用
so much
English knowledge and which could help him
that引导。另一个不to kill the time.
能再用that,而用他买了一本既可以丰富他的英语知识又可以消磨时
which。
间的美国杂志。
表三:只用that不用which的情况(先行词是物)
①当先行词是不定代词如:all,little,few,
I have said all
that I want to say
much,none,anything,nothing,everything我想说的都说了。
等时。
This is the very book that I want to
buy .
②当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the
very,the only修饰时。
这正是我想要买的书
③当先行词被all,little,much,some,
There
is little work that you can do
any,no,every等不定代词修饰时。 几乎没有你能做的工作。
④当先行词由人、物等表示并列的词构成
They talked about the
men and the things that they
saw
时。
他们谈到了所见的人和事。
Which is the hotel that he stayed
at last night
⑤当主句是以which或who开头的特
殊疑问句时。
他昨晚住的是哪家旅馆
⑥当关系词在从句中作表语时,用 China isn’t the
country(that)it used to be.
that,而且常省略。如:
中国不再是以前的中国了。
There is a table in the corner
that is folded away
⑦当主句是以there is.here is.it
is开
头时用that不用which. 有一张桌子被折叠放在角落里。
表四:关于as引导的定语从句
as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性This is the
same knife as I lost yesterday.
定语从句
这把刀子和我昨天丢的那把是一样的。
和the same…as…,such…as…
结构Don’t talk about such things as you don’t
understand.
中。 不要谈论你不懂的事情。
which和as都可以引导非限制性定China is a developing
country,as is known to all.
语从句,as引导的非限制性定语从众所周知,中国是发展中国家。
句可以放在主句之前,也可放在主John.as you know,is a writer.
句之后甚至可以分割主句。which引正如你所知,约翰是个作家。
导的非限性定语从句只能放在主句He was very rude to the customs
officer,which of course
之后。另外,as常有“正如”“正made
things even worse.
像”的含义。
他对海关官员非常无礼,这当然使事情更糟糕了。
such后可接as引导的定语从句,也We
hope to get such a tool as he is using.
可接
(as在从句作宾语)我们希望得到一件正像他在使用的工
that引导的结果状语从句。
具。(定语从句)
We hope to get such a tool
that we can doour work better
with it.(that在从句
中不作成分)我们希望得到这样一件
工具以至于我们能更好地工作。(结果状语从句)
the
same…as与the same…that引导This is the same watch as I
lost.
的定 这和我丢的那只手表一样。(不是同一只)
语从句的区别: This
is the same watch that I lost.
前者修饰的是与原物相似的东西;这就是我丢失的那只手表。(同一只)
而后者修
饰的就是先行词所指的东西。
2.有时候当先行词是表示时间、地点的词时,却不用when
/where而用that/which引导。
这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果
是及物的就可用that(which),否则
可用where。
例如: I will
remember the days that/which we spent together.
我会永远记住我们一起度过的日子。
This is the
factory that/which you visited yesterday.
这就足你昨天参观的工厂。
3.way作先行词时,关系代词的使用:
I
don’t like the way(that/in which)he treats his
parents.
我不喜欢他对待父母的方式。
4.
that引导定语从句与名词性从句的不同:
The news that he told
us is true.(定语从句)
他告诉我们的新闻是真的。
The
news that our team has won is encouraging.(同位语从句)
我们队胜利的消息真令人振奋。
That he has won the
first prize surprised everybody.(主语从句)
他获得一等奖的消息令每一个人都惊奇了。
My idea is that you
shut the factory.(表语从句)
我的观点就是你应该关闭这家工厂。
He said that he was going to leave.(宾语从句)
他说他打算离开这里。
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