凶猛的反义词-级差
专业资料
定 语 从 句
走进中考
定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词，
不能正确使用关系
代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对
于定语从
句的掌握要求如下：
1. 掌握关系代词的用法，特别是that， which， who，
whom，
whose作主语、表语和定语的用法。
2. 掌握关系副词when，
where， why引导定语从句的用法；
3.
掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是介词的选取和使用；
4.
掌握关系代词that和which的用法的异同；
5.
掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系
副词的选择问题。
思维导图
精心整理
专业资料
概念和位置
定语从句位置、概
念及构成
先行词和关系词
定语从句的构
成
that引导
which引导
关系代词引导的定
语从句
who，w
hom引导
whose引导
定语从句
when引导
关系副词引导的定
语从句
where引导
why引导
只用that不用which
的情况
只用which不用that
定语从句使用的注
意事项
定语从句中的主谓
一
致
关系代词和关系副
词的区别
介词+关系代词
精心整理
专业资料
1. 定语从句的概念和位置
在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句
在句子的作用相当于形容
词，故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从
句）。
e.g.: Do you know the girl who is singing
on the stage?
This is the museum which was
built last year.
2.
先行词和关系代词
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词
，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作
用，同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语
、表语、状语等）；
关系代词
定语从句
关系词
关系副词
that,
who, whom, whose,
which
when, where,
why
e.g.: The man who has an umbrella in
his hand is my uncle.
先行词 关系代词（在从句中做主语）
The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.
先行词 关系代词（做主语）
Let’s find a place where
we can have a picnic.
先行词
关系副词（地点状语）
关系代词=连接词+
代词
定语从句的构成：
精心整理
专业资料
He has a
car. + The car has 7 seats.
== He has a car
and it has 7 seats.
== He has a car which has
7 seats.
The hotel is very clean. +
We stayed here.
== The hotel where we stayed
was very clean.
We met a man. + The
man directed us to the factory.
=>We met a man
and he directed us to the factory.
=>We met a
man who directed us to the factory.
3.
关系代词引导的定语从句
出题点：A
指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法；
B
指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。
关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充
当一定的成分，修饰前
面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that，which，who，whom
，whose，
主要用法如下表格：
先行词
人
事物、动词
人+动物
人+事物
关系代词与普通代词的区别：
普通代词只起替代作用。
关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词
与定语
从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。
i. That引导的定语从句
主语
Whothat
Whichthat
that
宾语
Whomthat
Whichthat
that
所有格
Whose
Whose
精心整理
专业资料
That 可以指人也
可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾
语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到th
at之前，若介词提到前
面，指物用which指人用whom
e.g.: Views
that are entirely new may also be hard to accept.
We need a person that is right for the
job.
The picture (that) we are studying
was drawn by a
fifteen-year-old student.
ii. Which引导的定语从句
Which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾
语的关系代词which
可以省略（放介词后除外）：
e.g.: The river
which runs through the center of the city was
polluted seriously.
The story (which) he
told was very popular.
The house in which I
used to live has become a shoe shop.
iii.
Who，whom引导的定语从句
二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whom在定
语从句中
作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who，whom可以省略（介词后作宾语的关系
代词除外
）
e.g.: ---We are proud of Mo Yan.
---Yes.
He is a great writer who won the Nobel Prize in
Literature in 2012.
e.g.: Her sister
married a man (whowhom) she met on a plane.
精心整理
专业资料
注意
：先行词为one, ones, anyone 或those
时，定语从句中的关
系代词用who
e.g.: God helps
those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。
重点提醒:
whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom前面
时，不能用who代替：e.g.:
The person to who you just talked is Deep.(错
误)
应该为to whom
或者可以这样表达：The person whowhom you just talked to is
Deep.
（正确）
在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom可
以用who代替，但
who不用于介词之后。在非限定性定语从句中，whom不可用who代替。
iv. Whose引导的定语从句
Whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。
e.g.: Do you know the girl whose Japanese is
excellent?
I’d like a room whose window looks
out over the sea.
重点提升
：有时“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+of
whichwhom”
或者“of whichwhom+限定词+名词”来替代。
e.g.: He lives in a house whose windows face
south.
=== He lives in a house whose
windows face south.
=== He lives in a
house the windows of which face south.
精心整理
专业资料
另
：whos
e+名词引导定语从句时，名词前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定
词+名词+of
whichwhom”或“of whichwhom+限定词+名词”时，名词前面可以
有限定词。
4. 关系副词引导的定语从句
出题点
：关系副词when，where，why的用法
关系副词在定语从句中充当
状语，一般不可省略。常用的关系副词有when，
where，why等。选择哪一个关系副词要看其
前面的先行词。
关系副词
Where
When
Why
e.g. I remember the day. + We first met then.
== I remember the day when we first met.
关系副词作时间状语，相当于on which
（1） when引导定语从句
when指
时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time，day，
week等表示时间的名词。此
时时常可用on which，in which，during
which等替代。
e.g.: April the first is the day when people
make fun of others.
I still remember the
time when I first travelled by plane.
先行词
表示地点的名词
表示时间的名词
Reason
在从句中充当的成分
地点状语
时间状语
原因状语
精心整理
专业资料
注意：当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用
when。
（2） where引导的定语从句
where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。它的先行词常
为place，house，
country等表示地点的名词。此时常可以用in which，at
which等替
代。
e.g.: Last year my parents went
to the farm where they worked 30years
ago.
先行词
关系副词作地点状语，相当于in
which
Keep the books
in a place where you can find them easily.
先行词
关系副词作地点状语，相当于at which
（3） why引导的定语从句
why指原
因，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason，
此时常可以用for
which来代替。
e.g.: I know the reason why she left
you.
先行词 关系副词作原因状语
Please tell me
the reason why she is crying so badly.
注意：先行词是the reason，关系副词why在定语从句中充当原因状语。
但是当先
行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用why，要用that
或which引导。
精心整理
专业资料
5.
定语从句中的注意事项
出题点
：A.
只用that不用which的情况
B．只用which不用that的情况
C．定语从句中的主谓一致
D．“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择
（1）
只用that不用which的情况；
A． 先行词时不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时
先行词是anything，everything，nothing，few，all, none,
little, some
等，或者由every， any, all, some, no,
little, few, much等不定代词修饰
时，关系代词用that不用which。
e.g.: Have you taken down everything that Mr.
Li has said?
Any man that doesn’t have a
sense of duty can’t do the thing well.
B.
先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时
e.g.: The first thing
that my brother is going to do this afternoon is
to study physics.
I have found the best
way that could finish the test.
C.
先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时
e.g.: He was watching the
children and parcels that filled with the car.
Jack took photographs of the things and people
that he was interested
in.
D.
当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时
e.g.: Who is the
person that is standing at the gate?
Which is
the bike that you lost?
精心整理
专业资料
E.
先行词前有the only，the very等修饰时
e.g.: This is the
very dictionary that I want to buy.
After the
fire, the old car was the only thing that he
owned.
注意：
当主语是以here，there开头且先行词是指物的名词时，用t
hat而
不用which引导。
e.g.： Here is the book that
you are looking for.
口诀记忆：
只用that的情况：the
only，the very，the
same，no，any先行
词即有人又有物，高级，不定和序数。
（2）只用which不用that的情况
A. 关系代词前有介词且指物时
e.g.: I’m looking for a container in which I
can put all these peaches.
A zoo is a park in
which many kinds of animals are kept for
exhibition.
B. 先行词本身就是that时
e.g.: I don’t
like that which he did.
What is that which is
on the ground?
C. 引导非限定性定语从句时
非限定性定语从句的关系代词或关系副词与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。
e.g.:
Football, which is a very interesting game, is
played all over the
world.
Their house was
washed away by the floods, which made them sad.
精心整理
专业资料
另：
限定性定语从句即我们初中阶段所学的定语从句，定语从句和先行词之间
的关系密
切，不用逗号隔开，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等，不能去掉。
非限定性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开，去掉
后不影响主句的意义。
（3）定语从句中的主谓一致
这里指关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的
单复数形式
要与先行词一致的问题。先行词时单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复
数时
，从句的谓语动词用复数。
e.g.: The man who is playing
football is my PE teacher.
I love singers who
write their own music.
要点提升：
“One of +
复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；
“the
onlyveryright one of +
复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的
谓语动词用单数形式。
e.g.: Tom is
one of the students who were awarded.
Tom
is the only one of the students who was awarded.
（4）“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择
A.
根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断
一般定语从句的谓语动词如果是及物动词，后面没有宾语时就用关系代
词；如果
是不及物动词就用关系副词。
e.g.: This is the
factory thatwhich I visited last year.
精心整理
专业资料
This is
the factory where I used to work.
小贴士
：定语从句
中究竟用关系代词还是用关系副词，把握好一个原则：弄清
楚它在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语，即用
关系副词，反之则用关系代词。
B． 根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断
分析定语从句缺失
何种成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语），如果缺少主语、
宾语、表语、定语用关系代词；缺少状语
用关系副词。
e.g.: Is this the museum (thatwhich)
you visited a few days ago?
Visited 后面缺少宾语
Is this the museum where the
exhibition was held?
Was held后面缺少地点状语
（5） “介词+关系代词”的用法
有时定语从句中的
介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结
构，该结构中个关系代词可用which，wh
ose，whose，whom，不可以用that和
who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语
的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句
子意义来确定。
e.g.: This is the
house of which I spoke.
Is this the car
for which you paid a high price?
This is
the camera with which he often takes photos.
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
注意
：
介词在定语从句句尾，可以省略作宾语的关系代词，而如果介词在定语
从句前面时，不能省略
作宾语的关系代词。
精心整理
专业资料
重点提醒：有些“动词+介词”，如look for，look after，call
on等不可拆
开，不可把介词置于关系代词之前。
e.g.: It is the
book for which she was looking.
(╳)
which she was
looking for
(√)
the babies after whom the nurses are looking
are very healthy.
(╳)
whom the nurses are
looking after
(√)
小贴士：
“介词+关系代词”结构中，介词的选择可根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
e.g.: I’ll never forget the time during which
(= during the time) I spent
my childhood in
the country.
定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语
从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从
句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开
，从句不可省去。非限
制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。<
br>
精心整理