四个龙念什么-反映的意思
定语从句在雅思写作中的用法
朗阁海外考试研究中心
定语从句是中国考生在雅思写作中用得最多的一种从句,也是最纯熟的从句,但是为什么写
了大量定语从
句的中国考生雅思写作成绩平均分一直保持在5.5分以下呢,到底是从句写
得不恰当使用错误,还是因
为用得太多而分数不高?本文中,朗阁海外考试研究中心的专家
将带领各位考生分析这其中的原因。
一、用法不当
很多中国考生认为因为which使用次数更少,所以在
定语从句中which会比that使用分
数更高,这其实是一个误区,因为which不能取代tha
t在所有的定语从句中的使用。
A. 可共用的地方——指代一般物
例如:
The amount of the rubbish that we
produce is increasing at an alarming rate.
在这句
话中,that就可以用which取代,而且建议考生当that和which在定语从句中充
当宾语
的情况下能省略就省略。
再如:
The problem that has
been under debate for several decades is that the
basic
facilities and infrastructure are
unlikely to satisfy the needs of more tourists.
B. 不能共用的地方——只能用which,不能用that
例如:
Students living in their own homes would live
a more comfortable life and have
more
opportunities to communicate with their parents,
which has a beneficial
impact on the
development of their personal character.
再如:
Television, the most
pervasive means of entertainment for the average
public, is
advancing towards an entirely new
era, an era of extraordinary sophistication
and versatility, which is likely to reshape
the world.
在这两句话中,which都是不可以用that取代的,因为wh
ich在文章中指代的是前面的整
句话,所以which后面的谓语动词用的也是单三形式。当whic
h在从句里面用来表示前面
整句话造成的影响时,which前面要用逗号,谓语动词用单数。
C. 只能使用that,不能使用which的地方
1. 当先行词
为all、little、much、few、everything、none等不定代词时关系代词用tha
t
而不用which。
Many people hold the view that
they can do nothing to protect the fragile
environment, and everything that does have
good impacts on the
environment can only be
implemented with the political will.
There
would be few that could pursue a career without
future.
2. 当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that,不用which。
There are a great number of ignorant people
and large companies that
sacrifice the
environment to get the maximum profits.
The
most important thing is concerned with the
reaction of workers and
factories that do not
agree with this new scheme.
3.
当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that,而不用which。
Many people
have extraordinary willingness to bombard their
brains with new
experiences, while others
avoid the latest things that they think would make
them have the feeling of fear.
4.
当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which。
The
first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has
made a lasting impression
on him.
The
first impression that you leave to the interviewer
is the most important
thing that determines
whether you are admitted by the company.
5. 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the
right等修饰时,关系代词用that,
不用which。
Travelling
exposes the students to a variety of cultures and
natural beauty by
themselves, the very
experience that school education cannot provide to
them.
This is the very hotel that we lived
last year.
6. 当先行词被all, every, any, much,
little, few, no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不
用which。
Much of the blame that needs to be taken
should be placed on tourists
themselves, who
foolishly clambered all over the revered Buddha
statues.
Every child that has auditory deficit
would have difficulty in learning to reach
the
maximum potential.
7.
当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.
Which of the books that had pictures was worth
reading?
Many people wonder which of the
problems that they are facing is the most
pressing one and should be researched and
solved immediately.
8.
指代人时,只可以使用that以及who,而不可以使用which。
In my
opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for
everyone in our society, but
only those that
are adequately prepared and highly qualified can
make full use
of them.
that不可以用which取
代,因为that前面的先行词是人,所以只能用that或者who来
引导。
9. 在强调句型“It is ... that
...”中,只用that,不用which。
It is the lack of
financial incentive that is responsible for the
shortage of talents
in the athletic field.
It is talent that determines whether a person
can succeed in any field,
particularly in the
artistic and mathematic field.
二、缺乏将定语从句转换成高分的方法
定语从句高分的用法——将定语从句转换成非谓语动词,修饰前面的先行词
1.
例如:Those people who strongly support capital
punishment have the
following reasons.
改成:Those people strongly supporting capital
punishment have the
following reasons.
再如:Those students who study in a foreign
country seem to be more
self-confident,
independent and well-informed.
改成:Those
students studying in a foreign country seem to be
more
self-confident, independent and well-
informed.
将从句中的关联词who去掉,从句的谓语动词变成了ing形式
2.
例如:The buildings that were knocked down
several years ago are with
neither financial
nor aesthetic values.
改成The buildings knocked
down several years ago are with neither financial
nor aesthetic values.
Foods that are
exported from a foreign market are more expensive
than
the local products of the same kind.
改成Foods exported from a foreign market
are more expensive than the
local products of
the same kind.
从句中的that照样去掉,从句的谓语动词由被动语态变成了过去分词。
3.
例如:The forest and bush that have been cleared
for agriculture are now
suffering from soil
erosion.
改成The forest and bush having been
cleared for agriculture are now
suffering from
soil erosion.
从句中的that去掉,构成完成时态的have变成having,这与主被动没有关系。
总之,想要在雅思写作中拿到高分,一定要将定语从句写对并且要写好,而定语从句高分的
用法
就是将定语从句转换成非谓语动词,作为后置定语修饰先行词。
四级准考证号-烈火中永生观后感
virginia-上美术课的英语
药片英文-语文网上补习
捏怎么读-灌输
青壳纸-没是什么结构
睒睒-己
官宦-房闹
老调重弹-嗜怎么读
-
上一篇:非谓语在定语从句的用法
下一篇:定语从句关系代词的用法及练习