叹息的近义词-小学生英语自我介绍
一 般 过 去 时 讲 解 与 练 习
定义
表示
的是:某个动作作发生在过去的时间里,并且这个动作已经完成了。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
如:
last year, yesterday等;也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often,
always等频率副词连用。
一、巧记一般过去时:
动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事;be用was或用were, have, has变had;
谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志;一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记。
否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添;
疑问句也不难,did放在主语前;
不含be动词时
如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原;
动词若是was,
were,否定就把not添。 含be动词时
疑问句也不难,要把was,were放在主语前。
be的一般过去时:学习动词be的一般过去时,下面有一口诀,它可以帮你们更好地掌
握动词be的一般过去时。 be的过去时有四巧:
一是时间状语巧,
表示过去的短语要记牢;
二是形式巧,单数was,复数were;
三巧是否定句结构,not紧跟was/were;
四是疑问句式巧,was/were向前跑(提前)。
【一巧】时间状语(即标志词)巧。
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧与表示过去
的一些时间状语连用。
【二巧】形式巧。它与一
般现在时一样,形式多样:当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时,谓语
动词用was;主语是第二人
称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were。
例如: I was in the
classroom yesterday morning. 昨天早上我在教室里。
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1. yesterday或以其构成的短语:yesterday
morning(afternoon, evening)等;
2.
由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语:last night, last year (winter,
month, week)等;
3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语:a moment
ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等;
4.
其它:just now等
5. 由某些表示过去时态的从句等。
He was at school last
Tuesday. 上周二他在学校。
They were
over there a moment ago. 刚才他们在那边。
【三巧】否定句结构巧。与
动词be的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句,并且
was,
were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。即:
主语 +
wasn't/ weren't + 表语 + 其他。例如:
I
was not (=wasn't) here yesterday. 昨天我不在这儿。
My parents were not (=weren't) at home last
Sunday. 上周日我父母不在家。
【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was,
were提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即:
Was(Were)
+ 主语 +表语 + 其他?这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。例
如: Were
you at home the day before yesterday﹖ 前天你在家吗?
Was she late this morning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗?
更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+was/were.”;
否定回答用“No,主语+wasn't/weren't.”。
例如:—Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now﹖
刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗?
—Yes, they were.
(No, they weren't.) 是的,她们在。(不,她们不在。)
一般过去时主要是通过谓语动词的变化来表示的。英语中每种时态都要求谓语动词进行相应的变化。在一般过去时里,要求谓语动词用动词“过去式”。
原形动词变为过去式,可以概括为两类:一类是规则的变化,另一类是不规则的变化。
1.规则变化的动词过去式
规则变化的动词过去式
(1) 在词尾加ed 或d
英语中大部分动词过去式都是规则变化的,即在动词后加上ed;如果结尾字母是不发音的e,则只要加
上
一个d就行了。例如:
work-worked clean-
cleaned play-played
decide-decided
live-lived love-loved
(2)
以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed
study-studied hurry-
hurried carry-carried
(3)
以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母再加ed
stop-stopped
drop-dropped
2.不规则变化的动词过去式
不规则变化是指过去式不能加ed,用另外一个词来表示。这样的不规则过去式也有很多,只有靠一个一个
去记忆了。例如:
isam-was are-were
havehas-had
shall-should will-would
can-could may- might
go-went
come-came take-took
2
sit-sat say-said get-got
swim-swam
run-ran write-wrote sing-
sang tell-told
speak-spoke begin-began
break-broke
不规则变化中,还有少数词的过去式与原形动词完成相同;read的过去式只是读音改变了。例如:
cut-cut put-put let-let read-
read [red]
keep-kept feel-felt
sleep-slept sweep-swept
build-built
lend-lent send-sent spend-spent
ring-
rang sit-sat drink-drank sing-sang swim-
swam
think-thought buy-bought bring-
brought fight-fought
teach-taught catch-
caught
know-knew grow-grew throw-threw
draw-drew
3.规则动词过去式的读音
在清辅音[p] [k]
[f] [s] 等后,ed要读[t]。例如: worked, finished
在元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后,ed要读[d]。例如:lived,
called
在[t]或[d]后,ed读[id]。例如:started,needed
一般过去时 - 疑问句型
过去时的一般疑问句可以分为两类。
were,
它们的一般疑问句是将was
were,移到主语前面,否定句是直接在它们后面加上not。例如:
He was very
busy last Friday.
He wasn't very busy last
Friday.
Was he very busy last Friday? Yes, he
was. No, he wasn’t
2. 实义动词
实义动词过去式的一般疑问句,是在主语前加上did;否定句是在谓语动词前加上did
not,并将谓语动词
改为动词原形。请注意:过去时不分人称和单复数,都是加did或did
not。 例如:
Li Ming studied English this morning.
Did Li Ming study English this morning?Yes, he
did. No, he didn't.
Li Ming didn't study
English this morning.
We often played
badminton together.
Did you play badminton
together? Yes, we did. No, we didn't.
We
didn't play badminton together.
其次,had
作为实义动词的话,加did或did not.
例如:They had a meeting
last Friday.
Did they have a meeting last
Friday? Yes, they did. No, they didn't.
They
didn't have a meeting last Friday.
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3.过去时的特殊疑问句
How did you find
the job? I found it in the
newspaper.这工作你是怎么知道的?我从报纸上看到的。
一般现在时要和现在的时间相联系,而一般过去时和说话的“现在”没有联系。
His
father is a film director.他父亲是电影导演。 (他现在还是)
His father was a film director.他父亲曾是电影导演。
(他现在不是)
How do you like the novel?你觉得这部小说怎么样?
(还在看小说)
How did you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样? (已看完小说)
一般过去时 - 句型口诀
一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。
动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
否定句很简单,didn't 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。
一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。
特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。
【课堂练习】
一、写出下列动词的过去式
isam______ fly______ plant______ are _______
drink_________
play_______ go________
make ________ does_________ dance_________
worry______ ask _____ taste________ eat________
draw________
put _____ throw _______
kick________ pass_______ do ________
二、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ an English
teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last
month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good
friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years
old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots
of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on
the chair on Monday.
8. Today _____ the
second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of
June. It _____ Children's Day. All the
students ____ very excited.
三、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a
cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______
(read) a newspaper last night.
3. We
_________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park.
(go)
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4. ____ you
______(visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday?
Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull)
up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I
________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my
mother ______.
8. What ______ she ________
(find) in the garden last morning?
She
_________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
9.
It _________ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday
10. 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last
night.
四、 改错题
1.How is Jane
yesterday? _____________________
2.He go to
school by bus last week.
____________________________
3.He often goes
home at 6:00 last month.
____________________________
4.I can fly
kites seven years ago.
______________________________
5.Did you saw
him just now. ____________________________________
6.Tom wasn’t watch TV last night.
____________________________________
7.I
didn’t my homework yesterday.
____________________________________
8.He
wait for you three hours ago.
____________________________________
9.Who
find it just now ?
________________________________________
make
him cry (哭) just now?
__________________________________
【课后练习】
1、 单项选择:
从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
( )1. My
father______ill yesterday.
A. isn't
B. aren't C. wasn't D. weren't
( )2.
______your parents at home last week﹖
A. Is B. Was C. Are D. Were
(
)3. The twins______in Dalian last year.
They______here now.
A. are; were B.
were; are C. was; are D. were; was
(
)4. ______your father at work the
day_____yesterday(前天)﹖
A. Was; before
B. Is; before C. Was; after D. Is; after
( )5. —Who was on duty last Friday﹖
—______.
A. I am B. I was
C. Yes, I was D. No, I wasn't
( )6.
I cleaned my classroom ___________.
A
with three hours B three hours ago
C in three hours D three hours before
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( ) 7. I
came _______ my house two days ago .
A
back on B back to C to back D
back
( ) 8 . ___________? He did some
reading at home.
A What does your father
do yesterday evening
B What does your
brother do in the school
C What did your
brother do over the weekend
D Where
did your brother go last Sunday
( ) 9. What
did you do ________ ? I went to the movies.
A next morning Bover the weekend C in the
weekend D next Monday
( ) 10. The koala
sleeps _______,but gets up _________.
A
during the day; at the evening B
at day during night
C in the day
;during the evening D during the
day at night
二、请用正确动词形式填空。
1. I
_________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her
guitar yesterday? No, she _________.
3.
What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday
evening?
He ________(watch) TV and
__________(read) an interesting book.
4. They
all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday
morning.
5. She _________(not visit) her aunt
last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and
_________(do) some cleaning.
6. When ________
you _________(write) this song? I
__________(write) it last year.
7. My friend,
Carol, ________(study) for the math test and
________(practice) English last night.
8.
________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on
Monday morning? Yes, he _________.
9. How
_________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not)
bad.
10. ________ (be) your mother a sales
assistant last year? No. she __________.
三、翻译下列句子
1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。
I
_________ _________ __________ __________ exciting
weekend.
2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。
Jenny
likes _________ __________. She _________ an
English book last night.
3.
Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。
Emma__________ TV every
day. But he _________ ________ ________ yesterday.
4. 上周六他们做什么了?他们做作业和购物了。
What ________
they _________ _________ Saturday?
They
_________ __________ homework and _________
__________.
5. 今天早上方方得做饭,因为他父亲不在家。
This
morning Fangfang _______ _______ _______ _______
because his father ________ ________
_______
yesterday.
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6.
你还有什么要说的? What _______ would you like _______
_______?
7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。 Don’t forget ______
_______ _______ _______ the teacher.
8.
为什么你昨晚没有看电视? Why _______ you _______ TV last
night?
9. 他在打扫教室的时候,发现地上有块表。
When he
______ the classroom, he ______ a watch on the
ground.
10. 他什么时候出生的?1980年。 ---When _______
he _______? ---_______ 1980.
四、改写句子:
1、Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句)Lucy
________ _______ her homework at home.
2、He
found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).(变一般疑问句)
___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the
fridge?
3、There was some orange in the
cup.(变一般疑问句)_______ there _______ orange in the
cup?
4. Frank read an interesting book about
history. (一般疑问句)
_______ Frank _______ an
interesting book about history?
5. Why not go
out for a walk? (同义句) _______ ________ ________
out for a walk?
6. Thomas spent RMB 10 on
this book. (否定句) Thomas______ _____RMB 10 on this
book.
7. My family went to the beach last
week. (划线提问)
________ ________ ________
family _______ last week?
8. I think she is
Lily’s sister. (否定句。注意否定转移)____________________
9. Sally often does some reading in the
morning. (否定句)
Sally _______ often ______
some reading in the morning.
10. He is a
tall, thin boy. (划线提问) _______ _______ he _______
________?
五、写作。 日记一则,字数60---80。 记叙一天的活动:
1.早晨起床,吃饭,上学;
2.上午的课程,并就其中一堂课进行描述;
3.午休的活动;
4.下午的课程及作业;
5. 晚上的安排。
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