初中英语的一般过去时的用法

一般过去时的用法

1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的 状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句：didn't +动词原形，如：Jim went home yesterday.
Jim didn't go home yesterday.
一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如：Jim went home yesterday.
Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句：⑴疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Jim went home yesterday.
Did Jim go home yesterday?
What did Jim do yesterday?

动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加- ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一 个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，
再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
5．不规则动词过去式：
词义
是
是
成为
现在（原形）
am, is (be)
are (be)
become
过去
was
were
became
开始
弯曲
吹
买
begin
bend
blow
buy
began
bent
blew
bought

能 can could
捕捉 catch caught
选择 choose chose
来 come came
切 cut cut
做 do, does did
画 draw drew
饮 drink drank
吃 eat ate
词义 现在（原形） 过去
感觉 feel felt
发现 find found
飞 fly flew
忘记 forget forgot
词义 现在（原形） 过去
制造 make made
可以 may might
意味 mean meant
会见 meet met
必须 must must
放置 put put
读 read read
骑、乘 ride rode
响、鸣 ring rang
跑 run ran
说 say said
得到 get got
给 give gave
走 go went
成长 grow grew
有 have, has had
听 hear heard
受伤 hurt hurt
保持 keep kept
知道 know knew
learned,
学习 learn
learnt
允许，让 let let
躺 lie lay
看见 see saw
将 shall should
唱歌 sing sang
坐下 sit sat
睡觉 sleep slept
说 speak spoke
度过 spend spent
扫 sweep swept

过去时练习
写出下列动词的过去式
isam_____________ fly____________ plant____________
are ____________drink_____________ play___________go______________ make ________
does_____________ dance__________ worry___________
ask ___________taste_____________ eat____________ draw____________ put
____________throw____________ kick___________ pass____________ do __________
Be动词的过去时练习
1．I _______ at school just now.
2．He ________ at the camp last week.
3．We ________ students two years ago.
4．They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5．Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6．There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7．There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8．The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
二、句型转换
1. It was exciting.
否定句：______ __________________________________________
一般疑 问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：_________________________________________ _
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句：______________________________________________ __
一般疑问句：_____________________________________ _______
肯、否定回答：_______________________________ ___________
3. They were in his pocket.
否定句：______________________________________________ __
一般疑问句：_____________________________________ _______
肯、否定回答：_______________________________ ___________

Be动词的过去时练习（2）
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1．I ______ an English teacher now.
2．She _______ happy yesterday.
3．They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4．Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5．The little dog _______ two years old this year.
6．Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7．There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday..
8．Today _______ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children's
Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、句型转换
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：___________ _____________________________________
一般疑问句：__ __________________________________________
肯、否 定回答：__________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
三、中译英
1. 我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。
My storybook _______ beside the watch ______ _______.
2. 他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。
Their ________ ________ in the bedroom _______ __________.
3. 一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。
There _________ two _________ in the garden ______ _________ ___________.

三、中译英
1. 我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。
My storybook _______ beside the watch ______ _______.
2. 他们的外套上个礼拜放在卧室里了。

Their ________ ________ in the bedroom _______ __________.
3. 一会以前花园里有两只小鸟。
There _________ two _________ in the garden ______ _________ ___________.
一般现在时
一. 意义：表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态
动词的变化。
2. 行为动词的变化。当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do
肯定句：主语+动词原形(+其它)。如： We often play basketball after school.
否定句：主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。如：we don’t play basketball after school.
一般疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+其它?
如： Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. No, we don't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句？
如： What do you often do after school ?
l 当主语为第三人称单数时 , 助动词为does
如： He swims well.
如：He doesn’t swim well..
如：Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句？
如： How does your father go to work?
三．第三人称单数的动词变化规则（只有在第三人称为主语的 肯定句中，动词才用三单式）
(1)多数动词直接加s: runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs…….
(2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母, 结尾加es : watches teaches goes
does washes crosses mixes brushes
(3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: study→studies fly→flies carry→carries
cry→cries但在y前如果为元音则直接加s: buys says
四．时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes ,every…

现在进行时
一．意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。

二．构成: be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式
I’m doing my homework now .I’m not doing my homework now.
Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , I’m not .
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他？
What are you doing now ?
三. 现在分词的构成：
（1）一般在动词末尾直接加ing,
（2）以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing，
如 skate →skating make →making dance → dancing write → writing have → having
ride → riding come → coming
（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应 双写
末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如： putting running beginning stopping swimming
shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting
四. 时间标志——now，句前的look ,listen
词性变化的方法
一、名词变为形容词的方法
1. rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky
注意：1)如果名词以重读闭音节结尾，且 词尾只有一个辅音字母，这时应双写词尾的辅音字
母再加-y。如：sun—sunny, fun—funny等。 2)少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时，
应去掉e再加-y。例如：noise—noisy, ice—icy 等。 2. 一些抽象名词在词尾加- ful可以变
为形容词。例如：care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful,
beauty—beautiful等。 3. 一些表示国家的名词可以在词尾加-ese, -ish或- n构成表示国籍、
语言的形容词。例如：China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English,
America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian(注意Canada—Canadian)。
4.在名词后加- ous变为形容词。例如：danger—dangerous等。 5. 在名词后加- ly变为形容
词。例如：friend—friendly, love—lovely等。 6.在名词后加-less构成含有否定意义的形容
词。例如：care—careless(粗心的) ，use—useless(无用的)，hope—hopeless(没希望的)，
home—hom eless(无家可归的)等。 7. 一些以-ence结尾的名词，把ence改为ent变成形容
词。例如：difference—different, silence—silent等。

二、动词变为名词的方法
1.词形不变，词性改变。例如：work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。
2. 一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示“某一类人”的名词。例如：work—worker,
teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor,
invent—inventor等。
注意：1)以不发音的e结尾的动词，在词尾加-r。例如：drive—driver, write—writer等。
2)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加- er。
例如：run—runner, win—winner， begin—beginner等。
3. 在动词词尾加-ing变成名词(方法与动词变为现在分词的方法相同)。例如：
meet—meeting, build—building, wait—waiting, wash—washing, swim—swimming,
shop—shopping, begin—beginning等。
三、形容词变为副词的方法
一般在形容词的词尾加-ly可以变成副词。例如：quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly,
sudden—suddenly 等。但是，以下几点值得注意：
1. 一些以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词，要把y改为i再加- ly。例如：happy—happily,
angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily 等。
2. 有些以-ble或- le结尾的形容词，去掉e加-y。例如：possible—possibly, terrible—terribly
3. 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加- ly。例如：true—truly等。但绝大多数以e结尾
的形容词仍然直接加- ly。例如：polite—politely, wide—widely等。
4. 以-l结尾的形容词变为副词时仍然要在词尾加-ly，而不是只加-y。除非是以- ll结尾的才
在词尾只加-y。例如：usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefully, full—fully等。