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专业英语四级 32

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2020-10-23 17:41
tags:英语四级分数线

雉堞-木丹念什么

2020年10月23日发(作者:项忠)



专业英语四级-32

(总分:100.00,做题时间:90分钟)

一、完型填空题(总题数:3,分数:100.00)

America is one of many countries where the state gives a leg- up to members of certain racial,
ethnic, or other groups 1 holding them to different standards. The details 2 . In some countries,
the policy 3 only to areas under direct state control, such as public-works contracts or 4 to




public universities. In others, private firms are also obliged to take 5 of the race of their


employees, contractors and even owners. 6 the effects are strikingly similar around the world.


Many of these policies were put in place with the best of intentions: to 7 for past injustices


and purify their legacy. No one can deny that, 8 , blacks in America have suffered awful wrongs,


and continue to suffer 9 . Favouring members of these groups seems like a quick and effective


way of making society 10 .


Most of these groups have made great 11 . At the same time, the downside of affirmative action


has become all too 12 . Awarding university places to black students 13 lower test scores than


whites sounds reasonable, 14 the legacy of segregation. But a study found that at some American


universities, black applicants who scored 450 points worse than Asians on entrance tests were
15 likely to win a place. That is neither fair on Asians, 16 an incentive to blacks to study in
high school. The book Mismatch produces evidence that 17 affirmative action reduces the number
of blacks who 18 as lawyers by placing black students in law schools 19 they are ill-prepared,
causing many to drop out. Had they attended less demanding schools, they 20 .(分数:30.00)




解析:[解析] 空格后的“给他们设定不同的标准 ”是“让特定的种族、少数族裔或、者其他族群享受特殊待遇”的方
式,因此选表“方式”的介词,by 符合要求。with为强干扰项,但其后只接名词。




解析:[解析] 从下文的提示:In some countries...In o thers,可以推测,空格处要填入表示“不同”含义的词,故
选A。alter“改变”;rema in“仍然”;shift“移动”。

s √
s
butes
解析:[解析] apply...to意为“应用到……”,代入句中意思为“该政策只在政府职权范围内适用”,选B。
ion √
sion
sion
sion










解析:[解析] 此处为政府在其职权范围实施的两项政策,一项为“国有的雇佣合同” ,一项为“公立大学的______”。
admission意为“入学”,符合句意。


√t
age
解析:[解析] 此处意为“私企须在雇佣工人、签订合同,甚至选择股东时都必须______他们的种族因素”,take account
of“考虑”代入空格,符合语义逻辑。take care of“照顾”;take toll of“抽取……一部分”;take advantage of
意为“利用”。


rly

解析:[解析] 空格前谈到各国情况有别,但空格后又说“各国的实施效果都大同小异”,这里含有转折关系,故用but。
e
in

sate √
解析:[解析] 冒 号前的intentions意为“愿望,期望”,冒号后的内容就是两个美好的愿望:“______过去的不 公正”
以及“让他们拥有清白的遗产”。compensate意为“补偿”,代入句中符合句意。
example √
a result
contrast
usual
解析:[解析] 空格后的内容是上句的一个具体例子,用for example。as a result“结果”;in contrast“相反”;as
usual“像往常一样”。
ction
tion
bance
mination √
解析:[解析] 根据空格前的continue to suffer表明这种现象仍在持续。discrimination意为“歧视”,符合句意。
distinction“区别”;separation“分离”;disturbance“打扰”。

modernized

conservative
解析:[解析] 从句意“优待这些种群似乎是一种令社会______ 的快速而有效的方式”来看,这里只能填fairer“更公
平”,其他选项不合句意。wiser“更 聪明”;more modernized“更现代”;more
conservative“更保守”。
e
bution
ss √

解析:[解析] 四个选项都可以与make搭配。make fortune意为“制造财富”;make contribution“做贡献”;make progress


“取得进步”;make effort“做出努力”。但这里只有C 符合语义逻辑,代入句中意为“大多数这类族群都取得了巨大
的进步”。
ble
nt √
le
ve
解析:[解析] 根据空格后的内容: 低分的黑人学生同样可以被录取,甚至比亚裔学生分数低也可能被录取,可知平权
法案的负面效应是“明 显的”,故用apparent。desirable“合意的”;reliable“可靠的”; negative“负面的”。.




解析:[解析] 由下一句的“比亚裔学生低450分”,可以看出这些黑人学生的分数线很低,因此空 格处应填入表示“具
有”含义的介词,故选with。

ed
ned
ed
解析:[解析] 空格前表明“即使黑人学生的入学分数线比 白人学生低是合理的”,空格后表明原因:黑人是种族隔离的
受害者。given“考虑到”符合句意, 选A。provided“假如”;concern也有“考虑到”的意思,但填入文中应用concernin g;
supposed“假设”。
lly
ly
onally
y √
解析:[解析] 本段讲黑人受到过多的照顾,据此可推断此处表示“分数低于亚裔学生的黑人学生也会被录取”,be equally
likely to表示“同样有可能”,符合语境。partially“部分地” ;slightly“稍微地”;occasionally“偶尔地”。




解析:[解析] neither...nor是固定用法,表示“既不……也不”,选C。
ts √
s
s
es
解析:[解析] 空格后的affirmative action reduces the number of blacks是结论性的东西,因此空格处应是表“显
示,证明”含义的词,选A。
er
y √


解析:[解析] 根据下文出现的ill- prepared(准备不足),drop out(辍学)等词,可知黑人学生在法学院的成绩不理想。
因而拿到律师牌的资格也就少了。故用qualify“(使)有资格”。consider“考虑”;pro ve“证明”;appear“出现”。


which
which
which √
which
解析:[解析] 空格处为“介词+关系代词”作定语从句的引导词,用什么介词取决于与谓语的搭配,ill- prepared是
prepare的派生词,而“为……而作准备”用prepare for,故确定本题应填for which。
have graduated √
graduated
graduate
graduated

解析:[解析] 根据空格前的Had+过去分词形式,可知这里需要填入与过去事实相反 的虚拟语气,用
shouldwouldcouldmight+have+过去分词,故选A。
Most people who travel long distances complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less
productive and more prone 21 making mistakes. It is actually caused by 22 of your ody 汣捯屫—a




small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 23 . The body clock is designed


for a 24 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 25 daylight

and darkness at the wrong times in a new time zone.
The 26 of jetlag often persist for days 27 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time


zone. Now a new anti- jetlag system is 28 that is based on proven 29 pioneering scientific research.


Dr. Martin Moore-Ede has 30 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new


time zone 31 controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and


eliminates 32 of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the


exact time to either 33 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually


make jetlag worse. The proper schedule 34 light exposure depends a great deal on 35 travel plans.


Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individuals sleep 36 are used to produce a Trip Guide


with 37 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls 38 bright light


you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 39 you


are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 40 for


a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working.(分数:30.00)




解析:[解析] 本题考查形容词prone的搭配。be prone to意为“易于……的”,其他三项不能跟prone搭配。
e
tion
on
tion √
解析:[解析] 此处要表示“时差反应是由‘生物钟 '节奏被打乱引起的”,disruption“扰乱”填入空格,句意通顺。
rupture“破裂” ;corruption“腐败”;eruption“爆发”。
s
ons √
tion


or
解析:[解析] 此处的意思为“一小群能 控制生理______运作时间的脑细胞”,根据常识,生物钟控制的是人生理功能运
作的时间,因此f unction“功能”符合句意。action“行为”;reflection“反映”;behavior “行为”。
r √

ual
ar
解析:[解析] 根据下一句的thrown out of balance(失去平衡),at the wrong times in a new time zone(在新的时
区,错误的时间 里),得知生物钟在新的时区和错误的时间会失衡,反过来理解,生物钟是“昼夜节律有规律运作的”,
regular“有规律的”符合这个意思。formal“正式的”;continual“不间断的”;ci rcular“循环的”。
s
ters √
ses

ments
解析:[解析] 空格前的rhythm of daylight and darkness指的应该是“昼夜交替的节奏”,在新的时区,接触昼夜的
时间应该不同,故空格处应 填入encounter“接触”。retain“保留”;possess“拥有”;experiment“ 做实验”。
es
ms √

s
解析:[解析] 此处意为“飞行时差的______通常会持续数天”,symptom“症状”代入 空格句意通顺,故选B。disease
“疾病”;sign“符号;迹象”;defect“缺陷”。

s

gh
解析:[解析] 这些症状持 续和体内生物钟根据新的时区慢慢进行调整是“同步”的,故此处的连接词应填入while。
wher eas表转折;if表“条件”;although表“让步”,均不符合此处的逻辑关系。
ble
chable
ble √
ble
解析:[解析] 此处的句意为“对付这一时差反应的方法体系现在______了”。availab le“可利用的”代入空格,句意
通顺。agreeable“令人愉快的”、adaptable“可 适应的”和approachable“可接近的”均不能修饰system。

ive
ive
ive √
解析:[解析] 填入本空格的词需跟scientific research(科学研究)相搭配。broad“宽广的”和i nclusive“包括一
切的”不能跟research搭配,首先排除;tentative“试探 性的”跟pioneering“先驱的”存在语义重复,也排除。故
选extensive,表示“广 泛的科学研究”。
d √
ized


nized
ized
解析:[解析] 根据下文的The time zone shift is easy to accomplish(转换时区很容易实现),可推断出这种实用的
策略已经“设计 出”,而不是“空想”,因此选A,排除D项。recognize“认出”;scrutinize“彻底检查 ”。

h √


解析:[解析] 空格后的“控制生物钟暴露于强光的时间”是一种调节生物钟的方式,故此处选表方式的介词through。




解析:[解析] 第二段首句提到,这种策略能使生物钟更快地适应新时区,推断该策略是有效的,故选A, 说明该策略
能消除大部分由时差引起的不适。.


ve

解析:[解析] 由either...or...结构可知,空格处的词应与av oid“避开”意思相反,因此D为最佳答案。attain常
表示“目标的达到”,后通常接抽象事物 作宾语;retrieve“重新得到”。




解析:[解析] 考查介词搭配,schedule for...意为“……的安排”,此处是指曝光时间的安排。

ic √
cated
ar
解析:[解析] 下一句提到on a specific flight itinerary(具体的飞行路线),因此推断travel plans(旅行安排)也
是“具体的”,故选B,此处属于词义复现。


n √

解析:[解析] norm强调一种行为规范;mode指“行事 的模式”;pattern指的是“事情或行为发生的常规方式”;style
多指个人处理事情的方式 、风格。空格处表示的是“睡眠的模式”,C项最佳。
ories
ctions √
ications
taries
解析:[解析] 结合空格前的Trip Guide(旅行指南)以及空格后的“关于何时接触强光”,推断空格处应该填“指导 ,说
明”含义的词,故选B。directory“电话号码簿”;specification“说明 书”;commentary“评论”。






解析:[解析] call for意为“需要”,for代入空格,表示“需要光照”,符合句意。call off“取消”;call on“号
召”;call up“把……召唤回来”。




解析:[解析] 上文If条件句假设的是三种并列的情形,根据第二个分句的or,可判断空格处也应填入or,故选A。
ion

ration
us √
解析:[解析] 此处的意思为“你可以使用一种特殊的光照设备提供必要的光______”,sti mulus意为“刺激”,符合句
意。spur意为“激励”,强调精神上,不跟light搭配。ag itation“焦虑”;acceleration“加 速”。.
In the United States, the first day nursery, was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in
various areas during the 41 half of the 19th century; most of 42 were charitable. Both in Europe

and in the U.S., the day nursery movement received great 43 during the First World War, when 44





of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European
countries nurseries were established 45 in munitions plants, under direct government sponsorship.


46 the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose 47 , this rise was accomplished without government

aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, 48 , federal State and local


governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control 49 the day nurseries, chiefly by


50 them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.


The 51 of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries


in almost all countries, as women were 52 called up on to replace men in the factories. On this


53 the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, 54 $$6,000,000 in

July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and
local communities 55 this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000


children were being cared 56 in daycare centers receiving Federal 57 . Soon afterward, the Federal

government 58 cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later 59 them, causing a sharp drop









in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers
would leave their 60 at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.(分数:40.00)






解析:[解析] 首句提到,第一家日托开办于1854年,故推断各地 的日托所应建于1854年之后。四个选项中latter填
入空格,表示“19世纪下半叶”,符合上 下文语义。




解析:[解析] 本句为分号连接的并列句,故most of后应用人称代词them,指代“日托所”,而不用从句引导词which,
选B。
s √

ion
tive
解析:[解析] 根据下文caused...of women(使得各产业雇佣女职员的数量超过以往),推断日托幼儿园运动 得到极大的
发展。impetus意为“动力”,符合句意,故选A。input“投入”;imita tion“模仿”;initiative“主动性”。
s
nce
ge √
ion
解析:[解析] 根据空格后“各产业雇佣女职员的数量超过以往” ,可推断是由于战争造成劳动力匮乏,才大量招收女工,
shortage“缺乏”符合句意。sour ces“来源”;abundance“丰富”;reduction“减少”。

ly


解析:[解析] 上文讲到日托幼儿园运动得到极大的发展,而此处说军工厂这种一般没有日托所的地方也建 。D了。因
此空格填入表递进关系的词,选.
e


gh √
解析:[解析] 本句的前半句说“美国的日托所数量也增加了”,后半句提到 “该增长没有得到政府帮助”,前后分句间
的语义存在转折,故选D。
ously
y √
inantly
ntly
解析:[解析] 根据a lso一词,推断美国日托所的增长也跟欧洲一样,上文提到欧洲日托所数量增长迅猛,故此处应填
入表 示“增长迅猛”含义的词,选B。unanimously“一致同意地”;predominantly“主导 地”;militantly“好斗地”。
ore
uently
r √
er
解析:[解析] 空格后提到“联邦政府开始采取措施控制日托所”,这跟前 文提到的“日托所没有得到政府支持”存在语
义上的转折,however表示转折,符合句意。




解析:[解析] 名词短语control over表示“对……的控制”,其他三项不跟control搭配。


ating
ng
ing
ing √
解析:[解析] 空格前的介词by表明空格处填入的词应表示控制的方式,license表示“给… …发许可证”,符合句意,
故选D。formulate“制定计划”;label“贴标签于”;pa tent“得到专利”。

ak √
hrough
own
解析:[解析] 战争的爆发应该用outbreak,故选B。outset“开始”;b reakthrough“突破”;breakdown“故障”。


edly

解析:[解析] 上文提到“一战爆发时,各行业大量招收女工 ”。而此处是再次提到“妇女进工厂替代男工”,故空格应
填入表示“再次”含义的词,因此选A。
stance
on √

ion
解析:[解析] 四个选项中,只有occasion能跟前面的介词on搭配。
ting
ing

ting √
erring
解析:[解析] 空格前提到,美国政府立即开始帮助日托学校,结合空格后的美元数,可推断空格处应 填入“拨款”含
义的词。allocating意为“拨款”,符合句意。regulate“规范”; summon“召唤”;transfer“调动”。
ed
tated
mented √
sated
解析:[解析] 此处的意思为“许多州和 地方团体对联邦政府资助进行______”,supplemented“补充”,代入空格,句
意通 顺。expand“扩充”;facilitate“使……便利”;compensate“弥补”。




解析:[解析] care for为固定搭配,表示“照料”,故选D。
ns
ies √
es
s


解析:[解析] 上文提到联邦政府拨款,而日托中心接受的这种“拨 款”为“补助金”,subsidies意为“补助金”,故选
B。pension“养老金”;rev enue“税收”;budget“预算”。
ently
sly
tically
cally √
解析:[解析] 空格填入的副词修饰cut do wn,表示削减的幅度,四个选项中,只有drastically“大幅度地”能表示
幅度。prev alently“普遍地”;furiously“狂暴地”;statistically“统计上地”。
hed √
shed
dized
ded
解析:[解析] 上一句说“联邦政府削减该项费用”,此处与前一句相呼应,后来自然就“废止”了该 项支出,abolished
“废除”符合句意。diminish“使减少”;jeopardize “危害”;preclude“排除”。
ies


en
解析:[解析] 上一句提到日托学校的数量急剧下降,此处对应的预期应是这些妇女会离开自己的工作,故选C。

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