2013考研英语真题及答案解析(文都何老师)

2013考研英语真题及答案解析：难度稍降分数线预计持平
2012年考研英 语已经结束，考研辅导专家第一时间为你提供真题解析，以帮助广大考生
及时估分查询，希望考生能顺利 进入复试，最终考上理想的大学。
英语试题的整体难度
今年的英语试题，参比20 11年难度上是持平的，但是有些试题的难度要比2011年的前
70分要容易一些。
英语写作部分
今年英语(一)的写作完全在教育部出题老师的指导下，让所有2012年的考生能 够把自
己的目光还原到我们的大学，大学生活，提示中可看到今年小作文的考题实际是让同学像有
些国际学生，一些留学生要来我们的学校，作为我们来讲是东道主，我们是主人，应该向他
们提供我们 的一些建议，希望他们能够更好的完成学业，这个话题真的是司空见惯，而且以
前的高考和四六级模拟中 经常看到，所以，这道题难度不大。
今年英语(一)的大作文可能让同学们感到比较头疼，看到这 个题目同学们不知道如何下
手，有很多同学都喜欢看一些中央电视台的《百家讲坛》，其中，有一个非常 非常不错的女
老师就是于丹老师曾经在《百家讲坛》说过一句话，就是我们人生应该如何面对，我们应该
以什么态度去体会我们真正生活存在的空间。
英语(二)的小作文相对去年来说要难一些 ，今年小作文考的是投诉信，全世界所有需要
考英语的学生们，其中有很多人他们需要考信件，但是据了 解有很多全世界各国要考英语信
件的同学们，他们有一个共识，信件方面最难写的其实就是投诉信;所以 ，英语(二)的小作
文比英语(一)的小作文难一些。
分数线预测
今年考 题和去年考题进行大致比对后，分数线在某种意义上是持平，有些题目要容易一
些，但是不能乐观的分析 今年的分数线，因为165万多人去考研，比去年增加很多，可是在
扩招的整个名额中并没有多了多少， 所以，还是保持谨慎乐观，还是以去年的分数线参照。
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题
Section Ⅰ Use of English
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making
individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make
judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to
consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information
they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be
more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only
to probation on that day.
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant
should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr
Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .

He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The
interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into
consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate
Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to
make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees
was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant
would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a
decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .
1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers
2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external
3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all
5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless
6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for
7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless
8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test
9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified
11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took
15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather
16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below

18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard
20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep,
scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains
how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to
department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds
with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast
fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such
as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.
Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those
labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a
wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.
By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion
cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a
5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas
labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful
chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael
Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and
need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion
garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this
excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who,
since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it
took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and
the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes
lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many
advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start
shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.
21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion.
[C] obsession with high fashion. [D]lack of imagination.
22. According to Cline, mass- maket labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world.
[C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently.
23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry
ignores sustainability.
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments. [D] Pricing is vital to
environment-friendly purchasing.
25. What is the subject of the text?
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass- market secret.
Text 2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one
knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By
watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at
those most likely to buy.

In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such
fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent
behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a

be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT Google's Chrome is
due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that
the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to
appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone
to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether
someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default,
some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it
says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset
Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an
obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other
products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy
officer, bloggde:
26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:
[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D]provide better online services
27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:
[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis [D]internet browser developers
28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry
[C] will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature
29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?

[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to
implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are obliged to offer
behavioural ads
30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:
[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciaction [D] skepticism
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means
uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity,
leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range
of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be
tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured
for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the
universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not
hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the
the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read:
Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there
are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are
now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its
flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years
hence .
Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the
more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences,
is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to
explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a
new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable
assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the
long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based
forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.

This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a
passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce
many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those
to come.
31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity
32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are
[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment
[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race
33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?
[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. [B] Technology offers solutions to
social problem.
[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [D] Our Immediate future is hard
to conceive.
34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to
[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world
[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history
35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and Humanity
Text 4
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law
Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter
of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the
balance of power between the federal government and the states.

In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of
Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The
Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of
Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had
attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that
the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the
congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s
privileged powers.
However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of
people who come in contact with law ’s because Congress has always
envisioned joint federal- state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to
share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this
Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal
only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more
robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his
objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued
that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with
federal statutes to the effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any
otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and
the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own
resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence
asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should
be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.
36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers. [B] disturbed the power balance
between different states.
[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law. [D] contradicted both the
federal and state policies.
37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?

[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from
federal immigration law.
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement. [D] Congress’s intervention in
immigration enforcement.
38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution. [B] undermined the states’ interests.
[C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states.
39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the states’ support.
[C] is established by federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state laws.
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.
[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.
[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.
Part B
Directions:
In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the
most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra
choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10
points)
The social sciences are of 2005,there were almost half a million professional
social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According
to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has
swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.
Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including
climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the
necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to

arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food,
wealth and prosperity.
(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its
influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no
radical innovation without creative destruction .
Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly
debates,rather than on topics with external impact.
Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed”
or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is
interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s
work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate
amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of
funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.
The trick is to direct these funds European Union Framework funding programs
have long had a category specifically targeted at social year,it was proposed that
system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a
category ,This has resulted in protests from social the intention is not to neglect
social science rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative
endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.
[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is
discipline-oriented and publishing in highly specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented
and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs.
[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences
papers published globally included one of these Keywords.
[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health
and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient
energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers
to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention
from scientists, especially the young ones.

[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and
social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for
example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is
about developing clean energy.
[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in
Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for
social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .
[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a
percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education,
non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about
15%.
Part B: (10 points)
Section III Translation
46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation
on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the
need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create,
express, fashion, and beautify and that self- expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one
looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their
diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of
decoration and creative expression.
One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still
point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace,
however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly
animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these
unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made
possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the
homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it
either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of
the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.

Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic
that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of
plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on
some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression
vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of
plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call
arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of
petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose
reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit
reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to
describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with
nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.
Section III Writing
Party A
51 Directions:
Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting himher to be
a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.
You should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B: (20 points)
Part B
52 Directions:
Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you
should
(1) describe the drawing briefly,
(2) interpret its intended meaning, and
(3) give your comments.

You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

From the highly enlightening drawing given above, we can see clearly that in the
middle of the cartoon stand a multitude of graduates, confronted with a great many choice
s, to name only a few, job hunting, going abroad, establishing a business, taking part in t
he postgraduate examination. What the cartoon is trying to inform us is quite conspicuous
--- wise choice in our life is of utmost significance and benefiting us a great deal.
The picture vividly delivers such a common social phenomenon that nowadays youn
gsters ，once graduating from universities，will be faced with a variety of options for thei
r future. The first step usually comes with confusion and uncertainty, which makes college
students waste a lot of time wavering for their choices. However, as the old saying, “all
roads lead to Rome”, people actually could master in every walk of life. For example,
Mo Yan, a well-known Chinese writer, has just won the first Nobel Prize for China. Afte
r graduation, his career covered a wide range and he has done jobs like soldier, librarian,
civil servant, etc. Never does he give up the dream of being a writer and that is what h
e achieves at last. Therefore, as long as we put enough efforts and passion in our plans f
or the future, every option could become the right path.
Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to help graduates keep
a clear mind and make wise choices in the life journey. It is deeply-rooted in our mind t
hat only in this way can we realize their value of life better and can the unemployment
of graduates be reduced and thus can social harmony be achieved.