初一英语语法练习题-Tink
2013考研英语真题及答案解析:难度稍降分数线预计持平
2012年考研英
语已经结束,考研辅导专家第一时间为你提供真题解析,以帮助广大考生
及时估分查询,希望考生能顺利
进入复试,最终考上理想的大学。
英语试题的整体难度
今年的英语试题,参比20
11年难度上是持平的,但是有些试题的难度要比2011年的前
70分要容易一些。
英语写作部分
今年英语(一)的写作完全在教育部出题老师的指导下,让所有2012年的考生能
够把自
己的目光还原到我们的大学,大学生活,提示中可看到今年小作文的考题实际是让同学像有
些国际学生,一些留学生要来我们的学校,作为我们来讲是东道主,我们是主人,应该向他
们提供我们
的一些建议,希望他们能够更好的完成学业,这个话题真的是司空见惯,而且以
前的高考和四六级模拟中
经常看到,所以,这道题难度不大。
今年英语(一)的大作文可能让同学们感到比较头疼,看到这
个题目同学们不知道如何下
手,有很多同学都喜欢看一些中央电视台的《百家讲坛》,其中,有一个非常
非常不错的女
老师就是于丹老师曾经在《百家讲坛》说过一句话,就是我们人生应该如何面对,我们应该
以什么态度去体会我们真正生活存在的空间。
英语(二)的小作文相对去年来说要难一些
,今年小作文考的是投诉信,全世界所有需要
考英语的学生们,其中有很多人他们需要考信件,但是据了
解有很多全世界各国要考英语信
件的同学们,他们有一个共识,信件方面最难写的其实就是投诉信;所以
,英语(二)的小作
文比英语(一)的小作文难一些。
分数线预测
今年考
题和去年考题进行大致比对后,分数线在某种意义上是持平,有些题目要容易一
些,但是不能乐观的分析
今年的分数线,因为165万多人去考研,比去年增加很多,可是在
扩招的整个名额中并没有多了多少,
所以,还是保持谨慎乐观,还是以去年的分数线参照。
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题
Section Ⅰ Use of
English
People are, on the whole, poor at
considering background information when making
individual decisions. At first glance this
might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to
make
judgments which are unbiased by 2
factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an
inability to
consider the big 3 was leading
decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples
of information
they were working with. 4 , he
theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6
crime might be
more likely to send someone to
prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six
other defendants only
to probation on that
day.
To 8 this idea, he turned to the
university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of
an applicant
should not depend on the few
others 10 randomly for interview during the same
day, but Dr
Simonsohn suspected the truth was
11 .
He studied the results of 9,323
MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The
interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of
one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into
consideration. The scores were 15 used in
conjunction with an applicant's score on the
Graduate
Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a
standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points,
to
make a decision on whether to accept him or
her.
Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the
previous candidate in a daily series of
interviewees
was 0.75 points or more higher
than that of the one 17 that, then the score for
the next applicant
would 18 by an average of
0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19
the effects of such a
decrease a candidate
would need 30 more GMAT points than would
otherwise have been 20 .
1.[A] grant [B]
submits [C] transmits [D] delivers
2.[A]
minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external
3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment
4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In
principle[D] Above all
5.[A] fond [B]fearful
[C] capable [D] thoughtless
6.[A] in [B] on
[C] to [D] for
7.[A] if [B]until [C] though
[D] unless
8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C]
share [D] test
9.[A] decision [B] quality
[C] status [D] success
10.[A] chosen
[B]stupid [C]found [D] identified
11.[A]
exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D]
otherwise
12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C]
conducted [D] secured
13.[A] assigned
[B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14.[A] put
[B]got [C]gave [D] took
15.[A]instead
[B]then [C] ever [D] rather
16.[A]selected
[B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D]
fluctuate
19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain
[D]disregard
20. [A] promising [B] possible
[C] necessary [D] helpful
Section Ⅱ Reading
Comprehension
Part A
Directions:Read
the following four texts. Answer the questions
after each text by choosing A,
B, C or D. Mark
your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil
Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl
Streep,
scold her unattractive assistant for
imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.
Priestly explains
how the deep blue color of
the assistant’s sweater descended over the years
from fashion shows to
department stores and to
the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless
found her garment.
This top-down conception
of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of
date or at odds
with feverish world described
in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year
indictment of “fast
fashion”. In the last
decades or so, advances in technology have allowed
mass-market labels such
as Zara, H&M, and
Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and
anticipate demand more precisely.
Quckier
turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more
frequent releases, and more profit. Those
labels encourage style-conscious consumers to
see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a
wash or two, although they don’t advertise
that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.
By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap
prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked
fashion
cycles, shaking all industry long
accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims
of this revolution, of course, are not limited to
designers. For H&M to offer a
5.95 knit
miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the
world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas
labor, order in volumes that strain natural
resources, and use massive amount of harmful
chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion
world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers
like Michael
Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.
Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a
hunger and
need, yet is non-durable, and
wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy
roughly 20 billion
garments a year——about 64
items per person——and no matter how much they give
away, this
excess leads to waste.
Towards
the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her
ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who,
since
2008 has make all of her own clothes——and
beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it
took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;
her example, can’t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made
efforts to curb their impact on labor and
the
environment——including H&M, with its green
Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes
lasting-change can only be effected by the
customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many
advocates of sustainability, be it in food or
in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only
start
shopping more sustainably when they
can’t afford to it.
21. Priestly criticizes
her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining
skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion.
[C] obsession with high fashion. [D]lack of
imagination.
22. According to Cline, mass-
maket labels urge consumers to
[A] combat
unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the
feverish fashion world.
[C] resist the
influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their
garments more frequently.
23. The word
“indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in
meaning to
[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm.
[C] indifference. [D] tolerance.
24. Which
of the following can be inferred from the lase
paragraph
[A] Vanity has more often been
found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion
industry
ignores sustainability.
[C]
People are more interested in unaffordable
garments. [D] Pricing is vital to
environment-friendly purchasing.
25.
What is the subject of the text
[A] Satire
on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to
a high-fashion myth.
[C] Criticism of the
fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-
market secret.
Text 2
An old saying
has it that half of all advertising budgets are
wasted-the trouble is, no one
knows which half
. In the internet age, at least in theory ,this
fraction can be much reduced . By
watching
what people search for, click on and say online,
companies can aim “behavioural” ads at
those
most likely to buy.
In the past
couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the
value to advertisers of such
fine-grained
information: Should advertisers assume that people
are happy to be tracked and sent
behavioural
ads Or should they have explicit permission
In
December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission
(FTC) proposed adding a
be followed
.Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari
both offer DNT Google's Chrome is
due to do
so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal
Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that
the
industry would get cracking on responging to DNT
requests.
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the
row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version
due to
appear windows 8, would have DNT as a
default.
It is not yet clear how advertisers
will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige
anyone
to stop tracking, although some
companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell
whether
someone really objects to behavioural
ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s
default,
some may ignore a DNT signal and
press on anyway.
Also unclear is why
Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an
ad business too, which it
says will comply
with DNT requests, though it is still working out
how. If it is trying to upset
Google, which
relies almost wholly on default will become the
norm. DNT does not seem an
obviously huge
selling point for windows 8-though the firm has
compared some of its other
products favourably
with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch,
Microsoft's chief privacy
officer,
bloggde:
26. It is suggested in paragraph 1
that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:
[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower
their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints
from consumers [D]provide better online
services
27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3)
refers to:
[A] online advertisers
[B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital
information analysis [D]internet browser
developers
28. Bob Liodice holds that
setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the
number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad
industry
[C] will not benefit consumers
[D]goes against human nature
29. which of
the following is ture according to Paragraph.6
[A] DNT may not serve its intended
purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to
implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its
popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are
obliged to offer
behavioural ads
30. The
author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said
in his blog is one of:
[A] indulgence [B]
understanding [C] appreciaction [D] skepticism
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago, our
visions of the future were largely - though by no
means
uniformly - glowingly positive. Science
and technology would cure all the ills of
humanity,
leading to lives of fulfillment and
opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown
unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper
appreciation of the range
of threats facing
us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to
climate change. You might even be
tempted to
assume that humanity has little future to look
forward to.
But such gloominess is
misplaced. The fossil record shows that many
species have endured
for millions of years -
so why shouldn't we Take a broader look at our
species' place in the
universe, and it becomes
clear that we have an excellent chance of
surviving for tens, if not
hundreds, of
thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the
the International Union for the Conversation
of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read:
Least
Concern as the species is very widely distributed,
adaptable, currently increasing, and there
are
no major threats resulting in an overall
population decline.
So what does our deep
future hold A growing number of researchers and
organisations are
now thinking seriously about
that question. For example, the Long Now
Foundation has its
flagship project a medical
clock that is designed to still be marking time
thousands of years
hence .
Perhaps
willfully , it may be easier to think about such
lengthy timescales than about the
more
immediate future. The potential evolution of
today's technology, and its social consequences,
is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps
best left to science fiction writers and
futurologists to
explore the many
possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason
why we have launched Arc, a
new publication
dedicated to the near future.
But take a
longer view and there is a surprising amount that
we can say with considerable
assurance. As so
often, the past holds the key to the future: we
have now identified enough of the
long-term
patterns shaping the history of the planet, and
our species, to make evidence-based
forecasts
about the situations in which our descendants will
find themselves.
This long perspective
makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem
more likely to be a
passing fad. To be sure,
the future is not all rosy. But we are now
knowledgeable enough to reduce
many of the
risks that threatened the existence of earlier
humans, and to improve the lot of those
to
come.
31. Our vision of the future used to
be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of
fulfillment [B] our faith in science and
technology
[C] our awareness of potential
risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity
32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being
are
[A] a sustained species [B] a
threaten to the environment
[C] the world’s
dominant power [D] a misplaced race
33.
Which of the following is true according to
Paragraph 5
[A] Arc helps limit the scope of
futurological studies. [B] Technology offers
solutions to
social problem.
[C] The
interest in science fiction is on the rise.
[D] Our Immediate future is hard
to conceive.
34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is
crucial to
[A] explore our planet’s abundant
resources [B] adopt an optimistic view of the
world
[C] draw on our experience from the
past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history
35. Which of the following would be the best
title for the text
[A] Uncertainty about Our
Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species
[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind
[D] Science, Technology and Humanity
Text 4
On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court
knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law
Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama
Administration. But on the more important matter
of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0
defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset
the
balance of power between the federal
government and the states.
In Arizona
v. United States, the majority overturned three of
the four contested provisions of
Arizona’s
controversial plan to have state and local police
enforce federal immigration law. The
Constitutional principles that Washington
alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule
of
Naturalization ”and that federal laws
precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona
had
attempted to fashion state policies that
ran parallel to the existing federal ones.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief
Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals,
ruled that
the state flew too close to the
federal sun. On the overturned provisions the
majority held the
congress had deliberately
“occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded
on the federal’s
privileged powers.
However,the Justices said that Arizona police
would be allowed to verify the legal status of
people who come in contact with law ’s because
Congress has always
envisioned joint federal-
state immigration enforcement and explicitly
encourages state officers to
share information
and cooperate with federal colleagues.
Two
of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and
Clarence Thomas-agreed with this
Constitutional logic but disagreed about which
Arizona rules conflicted with the federal
only major objection came from Justice Antonin
Scalia,who offered an even more
robust defense
of state privileges going back to the alien and
Sedition Acts.
The 8-0 objection to
President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito
describes in his
objection as “a shocking
assertion assertion of federal executive
power”.The White House argued
that Arizona’s
laws conflicted with its enforcement
priorities,even if state laws complied with
federal statutes to the effect, the White
House claimed that it could invalidate any
otherwise legitimate state law that it
disagrees with .
Some powers do belong
exclusively to the federal government, and control
of citizenship and
the borders is among them.
But if Congress wanted to prevent states from
using their own
resources to check immigration
status, it could. It never did so. The
administration was in essence
asserting that
because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s
immigration wishes, no state should
be allowed
to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected
this remarkable claim.
36. Three provisions
of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they
[A] deprived the federal police of
Constitutional powers. [B] disturbed the power
balance
between different states.
[C]
overstepped the authority of federal immigration
law. [D] contradicted both the
federal and
state policies.
37. On which of the
following did the Justices agree,according to
Paragraph4
[A] Federal officers’ duty
to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’
independence from
federal immigration law.
[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration
enforcement. [D] Congress’s intervention in
immigration enforcement.
38. It can be
inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and
Sedition Acts
[A] violated the Constitution.
[B] undermined the states’ interests.
[C]
supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor
of the states.
39. The White House claims
that its power of enforcement
[A] outweighs
that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the
states’ support.
[C] is established by
federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state
laws.
40. What can be learned from the last
paragraph
[A] Immigration issues are usually
decided by Congress.
[B] Justices intended
to check the power of the Administrstion.
[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination
with Congress.
[D] The Administration is
dominant over immigration issues.
Part B
Directions:
In the following article,
some sentences have been removed. For Questions
41-45, choose the
most suitable one from the
list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.
There are two extra
choices, which do not fit
in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER
SHEET 1. (10
points)
The social sciences
are of 2005,there were almost half a million
professional
social scientists from all fields
in the world, working both inside and outside
academia. According
to the World Social
Science Report 2010,the number of social-science
students worldwide has
swollen by about 11%
every year since 2000.
Yet this enormous
resource in not contributing enough to today’s
global challenges including
climate change,
security,sustainable development and
health.(41)______Humanity has the
necessary
agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger ,
from genetically engineered crops to
arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the
problems are social: the organization and
distribution of food,
wealth and prosperity.
(42)____This is a shame—the community should
be grasping the opportunity to raise its
influence in the real world. To paraphrase the
great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is
no
radical innovation without creative
destruction .
Today ,the social sciences are
largely focused on disciplinary problems and
internal scholarly
debates,rather than on
topics with external impact.
Analyses reveal
that the number of papers including the keywords
“environmental changed”
or “climate change”
have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____
When social scientists do tackle practical issues
,their scope is often local:Belgium is
interested mainly in the effects of poverty on
Belgium for example .And whether the community’s
work contributes much to an overall
accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.
The
problem is not necessarily the amount of available
funding (44)____this is an adequate
amount so
long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social
scientists who complain about a lack of
funding should not expect more in today’s
economic climate.
The trick is to direct
these funds European Union Framework funding
programs
have long had a category specifically
targeted at social year,it was proposed that
system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program
to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a
category ,This has resulted in protests from
social the intention is not to neglect
social
science rather ,the complete
opposite.(45)____That should create more
collaborative
endeavors and help to develop
projects aimed directly at solving global
problems.
[A] It could be that we are
evolving two communities of social scientists:one
that is
discipline-oriented and publishing in
highly specialized journals,and one that is
problem-oriented
and publishing elsewhere,such
as policy briefs.
[B] However,the numbers
are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000
social-sciences
papers published globally
included one of these Keywords.
[C] the idea
is to force social to integrate their work with
other categories, including health
and
demographic change food security, marine research
and the bio-economy, clear, efficient
energy;
and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.
[D] the solution is to change the mindset of
the academic community, and what it considers
to be its main goal. Global challenges and
social innovation ought to receive much more
attention
from scientists, especially the
young ones.
[E] These issues all have
root causes in human behavior . all require
behavioral change and
social innovations , as
well as technological development . Stemming
climate change , for
example , is as much
about changing consumption patterns and promoting
tax acceptance as it is
about developing clean
energy.
[F] Despite these factors , many
social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such
problems . And in
Europe , some are up in arms
over a proposal to drop a specific funding
category for
social-science research and to
integrate it within cross-cutting topics of
sustainable development .
[G] During the
late 1990s , national spending on social sciences
and the humanities as a
percentage of all
research and development funds-including
government, higher education,
non-profit and
corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most
European nations , it is about
15%.
Part
B: (10 points)
Section III Translation
46. Directions: Translate the following text from
English to Chinese. Write your translation
on
ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then
translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
Your translation should be written clearly on
ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
It is speculated
that gardens arise from a basic need in the
individuals who made them: the
need for
creative expression. There is no doubt that
gardens evidence an impossible urge to create,
express, fashion, and beautify and that self-
expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when
one
looks at the photographs of the garden
created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for
all their
diversity of styles, these gardens
speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond
that of
decoration and creative expression.
One of these urges had to do with creating a
state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a
“still
point of the turning world,” to borrow
a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of
peace,
however crude it may be, is a
distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter,
which is a distinctly
animal need. This
distinction is so much so that where the latter is
lacking, as it is for these
unlikely gardens,
the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure
is a state of mind made
possible by the
structuring of one’s relation to one’s
environment. (48) The gardens of the
homeless
which are in effect homeless gardens introduce
from into an urban environment where it
either
didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so
doing they give composure to a segment of
the
inarticulate environment in which they take their
stand.
Another urge or need that
these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise
from is so intrinsic
that we are barely ever
conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are
deprived of green, of
plants, of trees,
(49)most of us give into a demoralization of
spirit which we usually blame on
some
psychological conditions, until one day we find
ourselves in garden and feel the expression
vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless
gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of
plants is unfeasible, yet even so the
compositions often seem to represent attempts to
call
arrangement of materials, an institution
of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent
presence of
petals or leaves as well as of
stuffed animals. On display here are various
fantasy elements whose
reference, at some
basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It
is this implicit or explicit
reference to
nature that fully justifies the use of word garden
though in a “liberated” sense, to
describe
these synthetic constructions. In them we can see
biophilia- a yearning for contact with
nonhuman life-assuming uncanny
representational forms.
Section III Writing
Party A
51 Directions:
Write an
e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in
your college inviting himher to be
a judge for
the upcoming English speech contest.
You
should include the details you think necessary.
You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the
e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write
the address. (10 points)
Part B: (20 points)
Part B
52 Directions:
Write an
essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the
following drawing. In your essay, you
should
(1) describe the drawing briefly,
(2)
interpret its intended meaning, and
(3) give
your comments.
You should write
neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
From
the highly enlightening drawing given above, we
can see clearly that in the
middle of the
cartoon stand a multitude of graduates, confronted
with a great many choice
s, to name only a few,
job hunting, going abroad, establishing a
business, taking part in t
he postgraduate
examination. What the cartoon is trying to inform
us is quite conspicuous
--- wise choice in our
life is of utmost significance and benefiting us a
great deal.
The picture vividly delivers such
a common social phenomenon that nowadays
youn
gsters ,once graduating from
universities,will be faced with a variety of
options for thei
r future. The first step
usually comes with confusion and uncertainty,
which makes college
students waste a lot of
time wavering for their choices. However, as the
old saying, “all
roads lead to Rome”, people
actually could master in every walk of life. For
example,
Mo Yan, a well-known Chinese writer,
has just won the first Nobel Prize for China.
Afte
r graduation, his career covered a wide
range and he has done jobs like soldier,
librarian,
civil servant, etc. Never does he
give up the dream of being a writer and that is
what h
e achieves at last. Therefore, as long
as we put enough efforts and passion in our plans
f
or the future, every option could become the
right path.
Accordingly, it is imperative for
us to take some measures to help graduates keep
a clear mind and make wise choices in the life
journey. It is deeply-rooted in our mind t
hat
only in this way can we realize their value of
life better and can the unemployment
of
graduates be reduced and thus can social harmony
be achieved.
私奔体-张裕解百纳干红葡萄酒
aum-原始的
many是什么意思-简单英文单词
马扎的拼音-什么的河道
郭隗怎么读-好看的英语单词
幼儿口语-好的日语
十三的英语-逾越节
皓齿-在职研究生有用吗
-
上一篇:学院课程考核及成绩评定细则试行
下一篇:cet4cet6成绩说明