国际商务英语翻译

Unit2
4为了支持和促进国际商务，公司和政府发展了各项有关服务，诸如建立银 行信
贷协定、制定汇划结算安排和缔结国际邮政协定，从而保证国际商务的顺利开展
和扩大
In order to support and facilitate international business, companies and
governments have developed services, such as establishment of bank credit
agreements, make remittance settlement arrangements and international
postal agreements conclusion, in order to ensure the smoothly development
and expansion of international business

5在加剧的 外国竞争的压力下，为了维持竞争力，谋求生存和发展，公司不得不
将其业务扩展到国际市场，对国外销 售机会作出反应，积极扩大国际商务活动
Under the pressure of foreign competition, in order to maintain competitiveness,
to seek survival and development, the company will have to expand its
business into the international market, respond quickly to many foreign sales
opportunities, and actively expand the international business activities

Unit3
1、许多国家和地区工农业生产的巨大增长
Many countries and regions in the tremendous growth of industrial and
agricultural production
2、导致工业国对食品和原材料的需求迅速增长
In industrial countries on food and raw materials to the rapid growth of demand
3、增至十五倍的工业品进口量
Increased to fifteen times of industrial products imports
4、对发展中国家农业出口产品需求的剧烈增长
On developing agricultural export product demand sharp growth
5、对棉花和天然橡胶等原材料需求的减少
On cotton and natural rubber and other raw materials to reduce the demand
6、合成代用品生产的发展及其产量的增加
Synthetic substitutes for production development and yield increase
7、有助于发展中国家的工业发展和经济增长
Contribute to developing industrial development and economic growth
8、国际贸易对各国经济发展重要的有益作用
International trade on the economic development of various countries
important beneficial effect
9、有助于欠发达国家制造业和制成品生产的发展
Contribute to the less developed country manufacturing industry and the
development of the production of manufactured goods
10、刺激和促进发达与发展中国家间资本的流动
To stimulate and promote the flow of capital between the developed and
developing countries
11、新技术和新的管理技能的传送手段
New technologies and new management skills transfer means
1 24

12、从国际贸易获得巨大好处的欠发达国家
From international trade have great benefits for the less developed countries
13、国际贸易与长期经济发展之间的关系
International Trade and economic development of the relationship between
14、以更快的速度从发达国家吸引先进技术
Faster speed in order to attract advanced technology from developed countries

1、国际贸易的产生和发展，促进了各国再生产过程的正常运行和不断 扩大，提
高了生产力水平，并促进了生产国际化和资本国际化，以及提高其他方面的
经济发展
The emergence of international trade and development, promote the process
of reproduction and the normal operation to expand ceaselessly, improve the
level of productivity, and promote the internationalization of production and
capital internationalization, and improve other aspects of economic
development
2、凯恩斯及其追随者着重于出口对就业和收入 的作用，他们认为贸易顺差可以
扩大支付手段，压低利率，刺激物价上涨，增加投资，从而有助于国内危 机
的缓和与就业的扩大
Keynes and his followers to focus on export of employment and income effects,
they think the trade surplus could expand the means of payment, interest rates
low, stimulate the price rise, increase investment, which contribute to the
domestic crisis of relaxation and expansion of employment
3、另一些经济 学家认为，国际贸易的兴起和发展，会使商品的市场扩大，从而
推动技术进步和生产过程的改善，促进产 量增加，并使投资结构发生变化，
从而促进整个国民经济的发展
Some economists think, international trade is arisen with development, can
make commodity market to expand, thereby promoting technological progress
and production process improvement, promoting yield increase, and make the
investment structure changes, so as to promote the development of the
national economy
4、发展中国 家发展对外贸易导致外汇收入增加和外国先进技术的引进，它在弥
补这些国家资本、促进它们的技术进步 中起着重要的作用
In developing foreign trade in foreign exchange income increases in foreign
countries and the introduction of advanced technology, which make the
national capital, promote their technological progress plays an important role in
5、多年来，在吸收外资的同时，中国全力发展对外贸易，大量 进口精密的机械
设备和尖端技术，大量出口各种工农业产品，有力地促进了经济发展和社会
主义 现代化的实现
Over the years, in the absorption of foreign capital, China to develop foreign
trade, large imports of sophisticated equipment and advanced technology, a
large number of export all kinds of industrial and agricultural products,
effectively promoted the economic development and the socialism
modernization

2 24

国际贸易给各 国经济带来了巨大的利益。发达国家需要全球贸易的自由化为本国
企业开拓更为广阔的发展空间，发展中 国家也纷纷把出口导向作为本国工业化的
发展战略。
美国是当今世界上最大的进出口贸易国， 每年进出口贸易达2万亿美元，出口产
业已成为美国经济增长的引擎，美国经济增长的13来自出口行业 。
欧盟是当今世界上最大的贸易集团，每年进出口贸易都占世界进出口贸易的15
左右。欧盟 成员国之间的内部贸易是欧盟一体化的重要经济基础。
国际贸易对目标市场国家尤为重要，随着目标市 场国家经济发展和对外开放，对
外贸易在中国经济中日益显现，1999年，目标市场国家国内生产总值 为8.2万亿
人民币，全年进出口总额3607亿美元，其中出口总额1949亿美元。进出口总额相当于全年国内生产总值的13以上。全国将近15的产品是直接用于出口的。
2000年，目标市 场国家加入世界贸易组织，目标市场国家的市场将更加开放，
目标市场国家经济与世界经济的联系将更为 紧密。
International trade to the economies of the countries brought great benefits.
Developed countries need to global trade liberalization for domestic enterprises to
exploit more wide development space, developing countries are also seen as a native
of export-oriented industrialization development strategy.
The United States is the world's largest import and export trading nation, import and
export trade of $$2 trillion a year, the export sector has become the economic growth
of the engine, the American economic growth from exports 13 of the industry.
The European Union is now the world's largest trade group, import and export trade
of the world each year are about 15 of the import and export trade. The European
Union member states of the European Union between internal trade is an important
economic integration based.
The international trade of the target market is particularly important to the country,
with the goal market national economic development and opening to the outside
world, the foreign trade of China's economy becomes increasingly, in 1999, the target
market countries GDP for 8.2 trillion RMB, annual export total $$360.7 billion, with
total export value of 194.9 billion dollars. Total import and export volume throughout
the year is equivalent to more than a third of GDP. Nearly 15 of the product is
directly used for export. In 2000, the target market countries to join the world trade
organization, target market markets will more open, target market economy country
linked to the world economy will be more closely.

Unit4
1、非关税贸易壁垒对国家经营活动的影响
Non-tariff trade barriers on the influence of the national business activities
2、求助非关税贸易壁垒以保护其缺乏竞争力的产业
Resort to non-tariff trade barriers to protect their lack of competitiveness of the
industry
3、把相当大的注意力放在消除国际贸易的障碍上
The considerable attention to eliminate barrier to international trade
4、阻碍国际商品和服务的自由流动
Block international products and services to the free flow of
3 24

5、旨在放宽对进口商品限制的法规条例
Aims to relax restrictions on imports of the legislation
6、对来自发展中国家的某些产品实施进口配额
From developing countries to some of the product implementation import quotas
7、对生产重要出口商品的厂商给予特惠
Production of an important export manufacturers give preferential
8、估计每年达200亿美元的该国农产品出口销售额
Estimated $$20 billion a year in the country's agricultural product export sales
9、歧视来自发展中国家的中、低档纺织品
Discrimination from developing countries, and low in textiles
10、把某些国家排除在得到优惠的国家之外
Put some countries out of the country get preferential outside
11、干扰各国间正常的交易和经贸关系
Interference between countries of the normal trade and economic relations
12、反对美国对来自该亚洲国家的进口货征收抵消关税
For the opposition to the United States from Asian countries import tariffs on offset
13、由减少贸易潜在利益的进口限制所造成的扭曲
By reducing the potential benefits of trade import restriction by the
distortion
14、约略计算外国商品需求曲线的弹性
Roughly calculated foreign goods the elasticity of the demand curve

1、非关税壁垒是指以 进口数量限制为特点的贸易保护主义措施，它们被发达国
家和有些发展中国家用来干扰和阻碍商品和服务 在国际间的自由流动
Non-tariff barrier refers to the limitation of import quantity characteristics of
protectionist measures, they are developed countries and some developing countries
have used to interference and prevent goods and services in the free flow of
international
2、70年代中期以来，由于世界性经济危机爆发，加上国际市场争夺加剧，因而
发达国家不得不求助 于旨在限制进口的非关税壁垒，力图克服困难
Since the mid 70 s, due to the world economic crisis, with the international market for
increased, so have to turn to developed countries to import restrictions of non-tariff
barriers, trying to overcome the difficulties
3、非关税壁垒同关税壁垒一样，起到限制进口、引起进口国国内市场物价 上涨
的作用，加重了西方发达国家人民的负担
Non-tariff barriers with tariff barriers, a way to limit imports, domestic market prices
caused by importing countries and the role of the western developed countries
increase people's burden
4、近年来，美 国实施的一些贸易政策和条例对中国加以歧视，并对中国向美国
出口的一些产品实行严格限制
In recent years, the implementation of trade policy and regulations about some
Chinese to discrimination, and Chinese exports to the us to some of the products shall
be strictly limited
5、在未来的日子里,美国和其他西方国家仍然可能对中国纺织品等劳动密集型产
4 24

品出口的限制,中国将坚决反对
In the future, the United States and other western countries still likely to
Chinese textiles and other labor- intensive products export restrictions imposed,
China will firmly opposed to this

非关税壁垒是指一个国家运用配额制、许可证等一系列非关税手段而实行的限制
进口措施。 < br>非关税壁垒在资本主义发展初期已出现，但到了本世纪30年代资本主义世界性经
济危机爆发时， 非关税壁垒才作为贸易壁垒的重要组成部分广泛的盛行。
第二次世界大战后初期，许多资本主义国家仍 然实行严格的限制进口措施，但从
50年代到70年代初，发达资本主义国家除了大幅度降低关税外，还 放宽和取消非
关税壁垒，扩大进口自由化，放宽和取消外汇管制，促进了国际贸易的扩展。
但 是，从70年代中期以来，在两次世界性经济危机衰退的冲击下，发达资本主
义国家贸易战越演越烈，它 们竞相采取非关税限制商品进口，对世界贸易和经济
发展产生巨大的不利影响。
Non- tariff barriers is refers to a country quotas, license and a series of use of the
means of non-tariff measures to restrict imports.
Non- tariff barriers in the capitalist development initial period already appear, but in
this century 30 s capitalism worldwide economic crisis hit, non-tariff barriers to trade
barriers as an important part of the widely popular.
The second world war ii's early days, many of the capitalist countries still strict
measures to restrict imports, but from the 70 s to the s, the developed capitalist
countries in addition to greatly reduce tariff outside, still relax and cancellation of
non-tariff barriers, expand import liberalization, relax and cancel the foreign exchange
control, promote the expansion of international trade.
But, from the 70 s, which, after two world economic crisis under the impact of
recession, the developed capitalist countries trade war turned ugly, they compete to
take non-tariff limit merchandise imports, for the world trade and economic
development has great effect.

Unit5
1、按既定的公司方针开始处理出口订单
According to the established company policy began to deal with the export
order
2、仔细查对和记录出口商所收到的订单的来源
Carefully check and record received the order of exporters source
3、出口商必须充分了解外国顾客的要求
The exporter must fully understand the foreign customer requirements
4、对进口商的信用进行认真的审查
To the credit of carefully review
5、得到一份关于买方信用状况的信用报告
Get a about the buyer credit status credit reports
6、买方与卖方就销售条款个条件进行洽商
The buyer and the seller is sales terms and conditions for you
5 24

7、出口合同中说明的买卖双方的义务
Export contract that buyers and sellers of the obligations
8、出口合同中说明的产品、价格、交货方法等条款
Export contract of that product, price, delivery methods of such provisions
9、出口货物在商定的交货地点合理交付
Export of goods in the agreed delivery place reasonable delivery
10、出口货物在商定的发货地点准时发货
Export of goods in the agreed delivery location delivery on time
11、出口货物的所有权在交货地点转移
The ownership of the export goods in delivery place transfer
12、取得进口许可证以符合进口国的进口条例
Import license is obtained in accordance with regulations of the importer import
13、货物达到目的地后通过海关对货物的处理
To reach the destination by the customs after the goods to the processing of
goods
14、完成出口交易所需要的各种单据的获得
Complete export exchange needs of the various documents obtained

1、为了高效率地将货物移动到进口国，出口企业 必须履行包含出口交易中一系
列活动的三项必不可少的职能
In order to move the goods to the high efficiency of importing countries,
export enterprise must perform a series of activities include export
transactions of the three indispensable function

2、在进行一项出口交易之前，出口商必须或者通过一份国际信用报告审 查新顾
客的财务和信用状况，或者复查老顾客的信用状况和支付记录。
In a before export transactions, the exporter must or through an
international credit report on the financial and new customer review
credit conditions, or the old customer credit conditions and payment
records.
3、作为出口过程的重要组成部分，进口商和出 口商必须就销售条款和条件、双
方的义务以及销售合同的其他条款进行洽商
As an important part of the process of export, the exporters and importers will have to
sales terms and conditions, the obligations of the parties and the other clauses of the
sales contract negotiations
4、进口商和出口商之间就销售条款和条件所达成的协 议成为一个有约束力的合
同，它经过买卖双方以书面形式确认后就是双方都能接受的确定的承诺。
The exporters and importers is between sales terms and conditions that the agreement
as a binding contract, it after both parties after confirmed in writing form is mutually
acceptable determined commitment.
5、在整个出口过 程中，常常要求进口商取得一份进口许可证，有时还有一份外
汇许可证，以符合进口国的进口条例，并使 货物能顺利地到达进口商。
In the whole process of export, often calls importers have a import license, and
sometimes also a foreign exchange license to comply with the regulations of the
6 24

importer import, and make the goods can smoothly to the importer.

Unit6
1、充当许多美国制造商的出口销售部
Act as many American manufacturers export sales department
2、利用销售代理人网络促进国外销售
Use sales agent network to promote the foreign sales
3、制定市场策略和安排货运和海关单证
Make a market strategy and arrange transportation and customs in the
documents
4、从对最终的国外顾客的销售上取得利润
The final customers from foreign sales make a profit
5、充当托销代理商的一些美国出口经营公司
ACTS as a consignment of some American export agent operating companies
6、在买卖双方之间履行寻求货源或批发的职能
Between the parties to perform the functions of the source or seek wholesale
7、向卖方或买方收取一定百分率的佣金
The seller or the buyer to charge a percentage of the commission
8、把按低于批发价购进的货物转卖出去
According to the lower than the wholesale price of purchased goods sold out
9、初次进入全球市场的一种快速和低成本的方法
First entering the global market a rapid and low cost method
10、在全球销售和经销产品的外国贸易公司
In the global sales and distribution of foreign trade company products
11、提供最佳市场策略和售后顾客服务
Providing the best market strategy and after-sales service to your customers
12、了解市场、风俗和顾客期望的当地经销商
Understand the market, customs and customer expectations of local dealers
13、绕过贸易公司和经销商而直接向顾客售货
Around the trade company and dealers directly to customers and sales
14、用作全球贸易销售渠道之一的合资企业
Used as a global trade sales channel, one of the joint venture

1、国际贸易中的销售渠道，是指商品从一个国家的 生产企业流向国外的最终消
费者或用户的流通过程，是商品所有权的转移必须经过的中间商机构。
In international trade sales channel, is refers to the goods from a state production
enterprise going abroad final consumer or users of the distribution process, the
transfer of ownership is goods must pass the middlemen institutions.
2、在国际商品流通过程中，销售渠道的通畅与否 和效率高低直接影响到商品的
销售速度、产品利润和市场份额。
In international commodity circulation process, sales channel unobstructed or not
directly affects the efficiency and product sales speed, product profits and market
share.
3、一家出口经营公司充当许多制造公司的出口销售部，它或者从制造公司直接
7 24

购货、并按独立经营的原则转销国外，或者进行代销。
An export business company act as many manufacturing company export sales, it
from a manufacturing company directly or purchase, and according to the principle of
independent business presenting abroad, or for sale on a commission basis.
4、按 逐案的原则充当独立销售代理商的出口贸易公司，在买卖双方之间履行寻
求货源或批发的职能，不对交易 的任何一方承担责任。
According to the principle of independence ZhuAn as the sales agent of export trade
company, between the parties to perform the functions of the source or seek wholesale,
no transaction of any party liable.
5、由于东道 国的当地经销商对当地市场状况及社会、经济、环境很熟悉，并能
执行最佳市场策略，办理售后顾客服务 ，所以他们被许多制造公司用作促进外销
的渠道。
Due to the host of the local dealers of the local market situation and the society,
economy and environment is very familiar with, and can perform best marketing
strategy, after-sales service for customers, so they are many manufacturing company
used as promote the export channel.

在国际贸易领域中，出口国生 产企业生产出来的产品，并非直接送达进口国的消
费者，而必须先经过分销过程，也就是中间的销售渠道 。进入分销过程的产品，
不仅仅经过装卸和运输，更重要的是，产品均要通过中间的分销渠道，包括商人 、
中间商及代理中间商，既帮助产品实物的移动，又帮助产品所有权的转移，从而
使产品进入国 际市场，最后达到进口国的最终消费者或用户，实现出口国生产企
业的最终目标。
国际市场是 一个具有多层次的复杂的市场，也是一个竞争激烈的市场。因此，企
业认真了解国际销售渠道的模式，根 据国际销售渠道中常见中间商的业务性质和
范围，从而制定科学的营销渠道管理方式，对有效地进入国际 市场具有重要意义。
In the field of international trade, the exporter production enterprise of produce
products, not directly to importers in the consumer, and must first after distribution
process, also is the middle of the sales channel. Enter the product distribution process,
not only after handling and transportation, more important is, products through the
middle of the distribution channels, including businessmen, middlemen and agency
middlemen, both helped the movement of the product, and help the transfer of
ownership of the products, thus we make our products to enter the international
market, and finally reach the final consumer or importing user, realize the ultimate
goal of the exporter production enterprise.
The international market has a multi-level complex market, is also a competitive
market. Therefore, the enterprise down to the international sales channel model,
according to the international sales channel of middlemen common nature of the
business and range, which make scientific channel management way, to effectively to
enter the international market is of great significance.

Unit7
1、卖方在他自己的工厂或仓库将货物交给买方
The seller in his own factory or warehouse the goods to the vendee
8 24

2、卖方必须将货物交给由买方指定的承运人
The seller shall deliver the goods to the carrier of the designated by the buyer
3、装船和启运后发生的事件所引起的货物灭失或毁损
Shipment after shipment and the events of the goods caused by the loss or
damage
4、负担将货物运至目的地国家所需的一切费用和风险
Burden the goods to the destination country for all their expenses and risks
5、支付将货物运至指定目的地港所必须的费用和运费
Pay for the goods to the designated destination port of cost and freight must be
6、办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的海运保险
Handle the buyer of goods in transit loss of or damage to the Marine insurance
risks
7、交出办理了出口清关手续的货物时即完成交货
Hand over to deal with export clearance of goods delivery is completed
8、卖方负担的一切风险和费用，包括关税、税捐及其他费用
The sellers shall bear all the risks and costs, including taxes, tariffs, and other
fees
9、当货物在制定装运港越过船舷时即完成交货
When the goods in making across the ship's rail at the port of shipment delivery
is completed
10、按CIP术语由卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费
According to the CIP term insurance contracts entered into by the seller and
pay insurance premium
11、每件为10美元CIF马尼拉的10000件电子计算器
For $$10 per piece CIF Manila 10000 pieces of the electronic calculator
12、请给予本公司CFR天津报盘，并连同一切详情
Please give the company CFR tianjin offer, and along with all the details
13、最低的CIF广州价格，说明装运期及付款条件
The lowest price CIF guangzhou that shipment and terms of payment
14、本公司报凤凰牌自行车是每辆55美元CFR纽约
The company reported the phoenix brand bicycle is $$55 per car CFR New York


1、
贸 易术语被用来说明出口价格的构成和在货物由卖方交付买方的过程中，买
卖双方有关手续、费用和风险的 责任划分。
Trade terms be used to explain the structure of the export prices in the goods delivered
by the seller and the buyer of the process, both parties, relevant formalities, expenses
and risk responsibility divided.

2、
按CIF术语，卖方还必须自行负担费用，向买方提供包括运输单据和保险单
据 在内的全套装运单据。
According to the CIF term, the seller is obliged to bear the cost, including transport
documents provided to buyer and insurance documents, the full set of shipping
documents.
9 24

3、假如我们在CFR基础上同你交易，那你能从CIF价格上减少多少，以便我们进
行比较
If we are in CFR basis trade with you, that you can from the CIF price how much less,
so that we are compared

4、贵公司能否给予永久牌26英寸自行车报 盘？请按每次最低订货量10000辆为基
础报CIF纽约最低价。
Your company can be given permanent card 26 inches bicycle offer? Please
press the minimum quantity for each 10000 cars based quote your lowest
price CIF New York.

5、本公司可按下列条款报价：
商品：HL302型弹子抽屉锁
价格：每件5美元上海工厂交货价
每年最低订货量：100000件
包装：纸板箱
支付：用不可撤销的即期信用证付款
交货：收到信用证后60天内
Our company can offer to the following conditions:
Commodities: HL302 type billiards drawer lock
Price: $$5 each Shanghai factory delivery price
The minimum order quantity each year: 100000
Packing: cartons are
Payment: by irrevocable letter of credit at sight
Delivery: within 60 days after receipt of your lc


练习
1、1980年，低收入发展中国家国内生产总值的年平均 增长率为5.9%，与此相比，
中等收入国家为3.5%，工业化国家为1.4%
In 1980, low-income developing countries the average annual GDP growth
rate of 5.9%, compared with the middle-income countries is 3.5%, and the
industrialized countries of 1.4%


2、这条铁路的建成和通车将有助于中国西南地区同沿海地区经济交流的扩大和
整个西南地区经济的发 展和繁荣
The railway construction and open to traffic will help with coastal areas
in southwest China economic exchanges and the expansion of the southwest
region economic development and prosperity

3、
因国外市场需求 锐减所造成的这个欠发达国家经济状况的特点是：出口大幅
度下降、工农业减产、失业人数激增和国际收 支逆差扩大
10 24

For the foreign market demand caused by the sharp underdeveloped countries
in the economic status of the features are: exports dropped substantially,
the industrial and agricultural yields, unemployment surged and
international balance of payments deficit to expand

4、这家大型的超市的管 理部门了解到雇员们最熟悉经营管理存在的问题，所以
决定在改善经营管理中更多地依靠广大雇员，而不 是只依靠少数管理人员
The large supermarket management department to employees know the most
familiar with business management problems, so I decided to improve
management in more depend on the employees, and not just rely on a few
management personnel

5、这位著名的经济学家在一次学术 报告中指出，民营企业凭借其广泛分布在全
国各地的为数众多的企业户数和人员以及巨大的资金和生产设 施，能在国家的经
济建设中起到重要作用
The famous economist in an academic report, the private enterprise with
its widely distributed throughout the numerous enterprise of households
and staff and huge capital and production facilities, can in the country's
economic construction and plays a role

6、2004年，由于美国经常项目收支和财政收支存在巨额赤字，国际金融市场 大
量抛售美元，导致美元相对于别国货币的不断贬值。
In 2004, due to the us current project payments and the existing financial
revenue and expenditure huge deficits, international financial market
heavy selling dollars, lead to on other countries of the dollar against
the depreciating currency.

7、那个亚洲国家的金融当局最近公布的外汇管理条例，其目的主要在于打击外
汇投机活动、稳 定外汇市场。
The Asian financial authorities recently published foreign exchange
management regulations, it aim is to attack foreign exchange speculation,
stable foreign exchange market.

8、当时许多美国大公司的最高管理人员指出，美国政府限制向中国出口高科技
产品 不仅对中国而且对美国经济也带来了巨大的伤害。
At the time, many American big company's top management researchers point
out, the United States limits exports to China not only to China's and
high-tech products to the U.S. economy with great damage.

9、2003年末，这位前外经贸部副部长应一所著名大学的邀请，专职担任该校管
理学院院长
By the end of 2003, the former vice minister of foreign trade and economic
cooperation shall be a famous university invitation, full-time as the dean
of school of management
11 24

10、由于美国限制欧盟的一些农产品向美国出口，欧盟可能对从美国进口的一些
农产品实行限制，进行报复。
Because the United States limit the some of the agricultural exports to
the us, the eu may be imported from the United States to limit some of
the agricultural products, for revenget

11、随着中国经济的快速发展，从铝到洗衣机，拥有13亿 人口、约占世界人口15
的中国在世界商品和产品消费中所占比率日益上升。
Along with the rapid development of China's economy, the aluminum to
washing machine, has a population of 1.3 billion, accounts for about 15
of the world population in world merchandise and China proportion of
consumer products is increasing day by day.

12、那年秋季，美国国务卿与中国外交部长在纽约会晤时讨论了 一系列重要的双
边和国际问题，着重于中国加入世贸组织问题
That year autumn, the United States secretary of state and the Chinese
foreign minister when they met in New York to discuss a series of important
bilateral and international issues, mainly in China to join the world
trade organization

13、中国恢复在联合国的合法席位后，有权获得世界银行提供的贷款，用以为重
要 的经济和文化建设项目提供资金。
China resumed the lawful seat at the United Nations, have the right to
obtain the world bank's loan is used for important economic and cultural
construction project provide the funds.

14、作为一家制造尖端产品的 高技术企业，这家合资企业有权获得本国货币和外
币优惠贷款，以保证发展生产的资金需要。
As a manufacturing state-of-the-art product of high technology enterprise,
the joint venture shall have the right to obtain their currencies and
foreign currency preferential loans, to ensure that the development of
production need for the funds.

15、那年，在联合国大会上，这个发展中国家的代表强烈 反对少数发达国家提出
的目的是在国际贸易领域歧视发展中国家的提案。
That year, at the UN general assembly, the representative of the
developing countries strongly against a few developed countries is put
forward in the purpose of international trade field discrimination of the
developing countries in the proposal.





12 24

Unit8
出口公司完成产品向消费或使用地的输送和装卸
海洋、航空、铁路、卡车和内河这五种基本运输方式
运输方式的选择取决于费用、时间和安全的全面考虑
运费较低和货运量大是海洋运输的两个基本特点
国际货运中发展最快和日见重要的空运
在美国出口贸易中占较小份额的铁路和卡车运输
在一些欧洲国家间装运巨量货物的内河运输
由熟悉运输条件的出口商最终选择货运的确切路线
保护货物从销售者向购买者输送中免遭灭失或损坏
赔偿货物在运往国外过程中所遭受的灭失或损坏
因货物安全到达而受益或因货物灭失、损坏或滞留而受损
该出口企业保持一家可靠的海上保险公司的云顶保险单
改航空公司对有些装运的货物提供有限的保险范围
出口商按到岸价格向买主报价时必须提供海上保险

Complete product export company to consumption or use of land
transportation and handling
Marine, aviation, railways, trucks and inland the five basic
transportation
The choice of the ways of transportation cost, time and safety depends
on the comprehensive consideration
The freight is low and the freight volume is big ocean transportation two
basic characteristics
International freight the fastest-growing and became more and more
important air freight
In the United States export trade accounts for smaller share of the railway
and a truck
In some European countries a huge amount of goods shipment inland
transport
By the familiar transportation conditions of the final choice of the exact
exporters shipping route
Protect the goods from the seller to the buyer in conveying from loss or
damage
Compensation in goods shipped abroad in the process of loss or damage
sustained by the
For the goods arrived safely and benefit for the loss, damage or goods
or stranded and be damaged
The export enterprise keep a reliable Marine insurance company's genting
insurance policy
Change airlines to some of loading of the goods, provide insurance
coverage
According to the price C.I.F. exporters to buyers when quote must provide
Marine insurance
13 24

1、
铁路运输在出口贸易中载运量最大，运输速度快，不易受季节、气候条件的影响，可常年
地、定 期的、有规律的和准确的进行
Railway transportation in export trade volume in the largest,
transportation speed, is not easy to get season, climate condition the
influence, but all the land, and regular, regular and accurate

2、
航空公司运 输能保证体积小、重量轻、价值高和时间性强的货物迅速、准时到达目的地，它
在国际贸易运输中所占的 比重不断上升
Airline transportation can guarantee the small volume, light weight, high
value and timeliness strong goods quickly, to their destination on time,
it in the transport of international trade the proportion of the rising

3、
在外贸运输过程中，因运输工具发生意外事故而使货物遭受全损或部分损失，保 险人应负责
赔偿
In the process of foreign trade transportation, for transport accidents
and suffered total loss to the goods or a part of the loss, the insurer
shall be responsible for the damage

4、
国际航空运输中，被保险货物由市价跌落、运输迟延所造成的损 失或费用，保险人不负责赔
偿
The international air transport, insured goods fall by market value,
transportation delay caused by the loss or expense, the underwriter does
not be responsible for compensation

5、
这家出口公司 熟悉运输和保险事务的部门经理，在接受国外订货后，负责安排出口货物的运
输和保险
The export company familiar with transportation and insurance affairs
department manager, in order to accept foreign, be responsible to arrange
export goods transportation and insurance

Unit9
符合国际贸易支付业务的要求和政府管制出口的法规
每次出口发货所需的各种单证和涉及的当事人
单证不齐或制作不当导致延迟的发货
由某些单证的差错所引起的罚款和没收货物
由国外发货所需要在出口港提交的出口申报单
出口货物的目的地、详细名称及其申报价值
商业发票上所标明的货物商标和包装数量
清楚说明的货物单价和装运的货物总价
商业发票所标明的报价的性质和付款条件
用以收集有关出口货物统计数据的出口申报单
进口商所在国的政府代表向出口商签发的领事发票
装箱单逐渐记载的装运货物中的货箱或集装箱内容
14 24

为证明货物原产地而由某一机构签发的单证
应进口商的要求而由不同机构签发的各种特别检验证书

1、Comply with the requirements of payment in international trade business
and government control of the export regulations
2、Every time the export all kinds of shipping documents and of the parties
involved
3、Documents not neat or improper production to delivery delay
4、Some of the documents by the error caused by the fines and confiscated
goods
5、By foreign vendor need export port in the export declaration form
submitted
6、The destination of export goods, and the detailed and names of the
declared value
7、Commercial invoice indicated that the goods trademarks and packing
quantity
8、Clearly stated goods unit price and shipment of goods total price
9、The commercial invoice, indicated that the nature of the price and terms
of payment
10、To collect relevant statistical data of export goods export
declaration form
11、The importer of the country in which the government representatives
of consular invoice issued to exporters
12、Packing list in the shipment of gradually records bins or container
content
13、To prove the goods country of origin and by one of the documents issued
by institutions
14、Should be requested by the importer by different organizations and
issued by the various special inspection certificate

1、
在出口交易中，要求出口企业递交由它自己和其他单位或政府部门签发的各类单证，这是履行出口合同的一部分
In the export trading, to export enterprise submit of its own and other
unit or government issued by the department of all kinds of documents,
this is part of the export contract performance

2、
商业发票是出口商向进口商开立 的、凭以向进口商收款的发货清单，它是买卖双方交接货物和结算货
款的主要单据
Commercial invoice is open to the importers and exporters to the importer
by collection shipping list, it is the sale of goods and the handover of
the main documents payment and settlement

3、
海运提单是由船长或承运人的代理所签发，证明收到制 定的货物，并保证将货物运至指定的目的地交
付收货人的单证
15 24

Marine bill of lading is the carrier's agent by the master or issued by,
that received the goods formulated, and ensure the goods to the specified
destination consignee documents

4、
特别检验证书是商检机构对进出口货物包装容器或运输工 具进行指定项目的检验、鉴定后出具的证明
书
Special inspection certificate is the commodity inspection authorities
on import and export goods or packaging container transport specified
project inspection, identification of the certificate issued by after

5、
原产地证明书的 目的在于证明货物原产地或制造地，它通常是进口国海关对进口货物采取不同的国别
政策和关税待遇的依 据
The aim is to demonstrate the certificate of origin of the goods country
of origin or ZhiZaoDe, it is usually the importer of imported goods to
a different nationality policy and the basis of pay of tariffs


Unit10
对外商业交易中最常用的四种付款方式
签发信用证的银行承担了买方的信用风险
信用证的使用使卖方可通过提交转运单据收取货款
在履行合同后与当地银行商定签发信用证
通知出口商所在国的代理银行已签发信用证
不顾出口商或外国银行的财务状况而承担付款责任
仔细核对信用证的条款以确定已得到一切必要的单证
使用汇票使出口商在实际收到货款前承担全部风险
卖方将他向买方所开发的汇票提交银行收款
代理银行将卖方开发的汇票提交买方承兑和付款
买方在承兑汇票后可立即得到用以提货的提单
买方信用可疑时出口交易可按预付款方式进行
通常只对信用声誉几号的买方进行赊账销售
在多数情况下出口商不愿按赊账方式进行出口销售

Foreign commercial transactions of the most commonly used four kinds of
payment
The bank issued by lc for the buyer's credit risk
The use of credit to the seller can transport documents submitted by
payment
In the performance of the contract with the local bank agreed after issued
by lc
Notice of the country in which the exporters has been issued acting bank
credit
Despite the exporter or foreign bank's financial condition and liable for
the payment of the responsibility
16 24

Carefully check the terms of lc has been all necessary to determine the
documents
Use a draft of the exporter in the actual payment is received before assume
all the risk
The seller to the buyer will he development of the draft collection to
the Banks
The development of the acting bank draft send to the buyer acceptance and
payment
The buyer in the acceptance of draft immediately after get up the goods
to the bill of lading
The buyer credit suspicious export transactions according to the advance
payment when manner
Usually only for the credit reputation excellent on the buyer credit sales
In most cases the exporter would not press credit means export sales

1、
国际商业付款方式的选择，除了取决于交易对方的信用状况外，还取决于资金负担、市场情况以及 费
用和手续等状况
The international commercial payment options, in addition to depend on
the dealing party credit standing outside, still depends on finance burden,
market situation and expenses and procedures and so on the condition

2、
对于出口商来说，信用证是除了预付款以外最有利的付款 方式，他通常只要再出口地将合格单据提交
指定银行就可收款
For exporters, the lc is the most favorable outside except advance
payment, he usually just to exports will qualified documents designated
bank can collect progress payment

3、
开立信用证后，若卖方 提交合适单据，买方就必须付款，但由于卖方有时不能遵守合同条款，因此买
方需承担卖方的信用风险
Open the lc, if the seller submit documents to the right, the buyer must
pay, but because the seller sometimes can't conform to the terms of the
contract, the buyer should bear the seller so credit risk

4、
汇票是出口商开出的、命令作为受票人的进口商立即 或在一定期限内无条件地支付一定金额给指定受
款人的单证
the bill is a command as exporters and importers drawee immediately or
in a certain period of pay a certain amount unconditionally to designated
by the drawer of the documents

5、
预付货款的方式对出口商最为有利，因为收到货款后再备货出运，几乎可以不承担买方的信用风险，
预收 货款无须投入资金就可完成交易
Payment in advance on the way for the most favorable exporters, because
after receive payment ready for shipment again, almost can not bear the
buyer's credit risk, already collected payment for goods need not money
17 24

to complete the transaction


Unit11
这些公司不断增加的无形资产销售额
拥有专利、商标和工序所有权的本国制造商
拥有该公司授权的技术诀窍的独家使用权
许可人与被许可人之间签订的许可证协议
提供一种可借以出售专利技术的制造
采取资本参与形式偿付购买财产权的款项
购得该公司多数股权的技术诀窍的供应商
由许可证贸易提供的成本低、风险小的进入市场的方式
准许被许可人使用该公司的商标名称
重视许可人质量和可靠性方面的声誉
签署外国公司提供的特殊服务的技术援助协议
工业化国家跨国公司提供的质量检查人员和生产经理
使先进的技术和技术诀窍体现在本公司的产品中
日趋重要的通过企业管理合同进行的技术诀窍销售

The company has increased the intangible asset sales
Patent, trademark and processes have the ownership of the producers
Have the company authorized technical know-how sole right of use
Permits person and the contract between the licensee of the license
agreement
Provide a so as to sell patent technology manufacturing
Take capital participation form pay the money to buy property
The company bought most of the shares of the technical expertise supplier
The license of trade with low cost, risk small way into the market
Allowed by the licensee to use the company's brand name
Pay attention to quality and reliability licensor's reputation
Foreign company signed provide the special service technical assistance
agreement
Industrialized countries provide quality inspection of the multinational
company personnel and production manager
Make the advanced technology and technical know-how reflected in the
products of this company
Increasingly important through the enterprise management contract of
technical know-how sales

1、
国际技术贸易对技术进口国有利，因为技术进口有利于加速本国 国民经济部门的技术改造和经济发
展、缩短研制时间和节省研制费用，以及提高产品质量和加强竞争能力
International technical trade on importing technology advantage, because
the technology import is beneficial to improving national economic
department technical reform and economic development, shorten the
18 24

development time and save the development cost and improve product quality
and strengthen the competitive ability

2、
许可证贸易是当前国际技术贸易中最主要的方式，学科正贸易就是许可人同被许可人签订 技术转让许
可证协议，通过该协议，准许被许可人获得使用权
License is the current international trade technology trade of the main
way, the subject is trade is with the license licensee technology transfer
the license agreement signed by the agreement, allowing the licensee to
get right of use
3、
在实际的技术贸易中，往往把悟性的技术知识同有关的机器、设备结合起来，如果交易只限于机器、
设备而无技术知识的转让，就不能看做技术贸易
In the actual technical trade, often to understanding of technical
knowledge with the relevant machine, equipment combined, if the deal is
limited to the machine, equipment and no technology of knowledge transfer,
cannot regard as technology trade

4、
许可证主要有独占性许可证排他性许可 证和普通许可证，在实际许可证贸易中采用哪一种许可证，主
要取决于潜在市场的容量、技术的性质以及 贸易双方的意图
Permit a monopoly of the major exclusive license permit and ordinary
license, in actual license in trade is what kind of license, depending
on the potential market size, the nature of the technology and trade the
intention of the parties

5、
独占性许可 证协议是指在规定地区内，被许可方在协议的有效期内对该该项技术享有独占的使用权，
许可方不得在该 地区内使用该项技术制造和销售产品，也不得把同样技术授予该地区内的任何第三方
Monopoly of the license agreement means stipulated in the region, the
licensee the period of validity of the agreement to the enjoy the exclusive
right to the technology, the licensor shall not be in the area using the
technology in the manufacture and sales of the product, and shall not be
granted the same technology in the area of any third party


Unit12
包括各种无形商品的服务在国际贸易中占更大份额
国际服务贸易在主要发达国家的经济中日趋重要
美国整个对外贸易服务出口对商品出口的比例
80年代中期美国服务出口总额估计超过2000亿美元
国际商务在全球的扩展导致国际服务市场的形成
向外国投资者和企业提供广泛的咨询服务
跨国公司在国际服务市场面临的保护主义、竞争等问题
对国际服务贸易所实施的直接和间接贸易壁垒
迫使外国公司接受东道国政府机构对其电脑档案的检查
美国政府的出口管制程序是服务出口最大的国内贸易壁垒
电信业等增长最快、竞争最剧烈的服务部门
19 24

商标等易于复制和难以保护的知识产权
作为服务行业最大问题的知识产权的保护
服务部门的产值在国民生产总值中所占份额的激增

Including all intangible goods in international trade in services
accounted for a bigger share
International service trade in the major developed economy are becoming
more and more important
The entire foreign trade service exports to the proportion of export
commodities
In the mid 80 s total export of American service estimated at more than
200 billion dollars
International business in the expansion of international services to
global market formation
To foreign investors and enterprise offer a wide range of consulting
services
Multinational companies in international service market could face
protectionism, competition, and other problems
The implementation of international trade in services of the direct and
indirect trade barriers
To force foreign companies accept of the host country government
institutions, a computer
The U.S. government's export control program is the largest domestic
services export trade barriers
Such as telecommunications industry growing fastest, the most severe
competition of the service department
Trademark easily copy and difficult to protect intellectual property
As a service to the industry of the biggest problem the protection of
intellectual property rights
Service department in the earnings of the GDP (in the share of the surge

1、
随着科技的迅速 发展，国际服务贸易的范围已大大扩展，除运输、通讯、保险、旅游等传统项目以外，
还包括软件设计、 科技咨询、信息服务、技术贸易等
Along with the quick development of science and technology, the
international service trade has greatly expand the scope of, in addition
to transportation, communication, insurance, tourism and other
traditional project, but also including software design, technology
consultation and information service, technology trade, etc

2、
目前一些主要服务输出国都设立了一些专门机构，负责与外国政府和私人雇主签署服务合 同，根据合
同需要在国内征集服务
Now some of the main service exporting countries have established a
special agency, is responsible with foreign governments and private
employers service contract signed, according to the contract needs to be
20 24

in the domestic solicitation service

3、
这家历史悠久、实力雄厚的美国咨询公司在全世界经营咨询业务，几年来它的营业额扩大了一倍
This has a long history, rich strength of American consulting company in
the world business consulting business, and for years it turnover doubled

4、
美国不少承包咨询公司凭借先进的技术 和优秀的科技人才为客户提供多种信息资料，帮助业主指定决
策和工作方案
Many American contract consulting company with advanced technology and
excellent scientific and technological personnel to provide a variety of
information material, to help our clients specified decision and work plan

5、
19 79年至1982年，中国组建了27家从事对外承包工程和劳务合作的公司，营业总额超过11亿美元
From 1979 to 1982, China's form the 27 engaged in foreign home for contract
projects and labor services cooperation of company, business worth more
than 1.1 billion dollars


Unit13
1978年以来出口量每隔5年翻一番
大大超过出口量的半数是由制成品构成
出口工业和出口贸易成为经济增长的主要引擎
出口额与国内生产总值的比率上升到30%
旨在促进外资企业发展的各项政策和优惠措施
外资企业在扩大出口中所引起的引人注目的作用
港台企业家在中国出口业绩中所引起的重大作用
外资企业中国东南部的出口工业享有主导地位
该地区在中国出口总额中所占份额稳步增长
那年该地区的出口增长在过去10年中首次减慢
20世纪90年代中国出口商品构成不断改变
该10年中中国对日本出口的份额逐步增长
20世纪80年代中期起美国是中国出口的主要目的地
对21世纪中国出口贸易的前景持十分乐观态度

Since the year 1978, exports double every five years
More than half of the exports greatly by a manufactured goods
Export industry and export trade become the main engine of economic growth
Exports and gross domestic product rate of up to 30%
Aims to promote the development of foreign capital enterprise policies
and preferential measures
The foreign capital enterprise in expanding export in the cause of the
dramatic effect
Hong Kong and Taiwan entrepreneurs in China export performance of the
major role in the cause
21 24

The foreign capital enterprise of the southeast of China export industry
enjoys the leading position
The region in China in the total export share steady growth
That year the region's export growth in the past 10 years to slow down
for the first time
The 1990 s China export commodities constitute a constant change
The 10 years of Japan's exports to China share gradually increase
Since the mid 1980 s American is the main destination for Chinese exports
China in the 21 st century export trade's foreground the very optimistic

1、
20世纪80年代，中国对日本出口的商品主要包括石 油、煤炭、纺织品、服装和五金矿产，而中国对美
国出口的商品主要包括纺织品、农产品及其加工品和原 油
During the 1980 s, China's export goods to Japan mainly include oil, coal,
textiles, clothing and metal minerals to China, which the United States
export goods mainly includes textiles, and processed agricultural
products and oil

2、
1979年建立的经济特区和1985年确定的沿海开放城市 不仅在吸引外资和外国先进技术方面，而且在扩
大出口方面起着重大作用
Set up in 1979, special economic zones and set in 1985 of the coastal open
cities in not only to attract foreign capital and foreign advanced
technology, and expand exports in plays a major role

3、
从20世纪80年代初开始，中国大陆利用香港的地 理位置及其广泛的对外经济联系将相当大份额的出口
商品通过香港销往各国及台湾省
From the early 1980 s, China's use of the geographical location of Hong
Kong and its extensive external economic exchanges will be quite large
share of exports through the Hong Kong and Taiwan are sold to all countries

4、
由 于在华外资企业技术和管理先进，产品的国际竞争力强，因而从1992年起，源自外资企业的产品的
出 口额 逐年扩大，在中国出口总额中的比重不断上升
Due to the foreign- funded enterprises in China technology and advanced
management, the international competition ability of the product is
strong, and since 1992, derived from the foreign capital enterprise
product exports increased, the proportion of the total exports in China
is on the rise

5、
1978年起实行改革开放以后，中国对外贸易获得很大发 展，中国已同世界上140多个国家和地区建立了
对外贸易关系，其结果，1987年中国进出口总额为 838亿美元，与之相比，1978年仅206亿美元，中国进出
口总额居世界贸易额的位次由1982 年的第19位上升到第12位
Since 1978, after the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade gained
a great development, China has in the world with more than 140 countries
and regions to establish foreign trade relationship, the result, in 1987,
China's total import and export volume of $$83.8 billion, compared with
22 24

only $$20.6 billion in 1978, China's total import and export volume of world
trade in the lead by 1982 the 19 th up to 12


Unit15
以在国外赚取较高收益为目的的国际投资
利用国外证劵较高的收益赚取更多的钱
期望收益最大限度增加的外国证劵购买者
考虑到外国证劵市场价值的巨大可变性
由外国证劵市价暴跌引起的收益的骤减
估量对外国股票和债券进行投资的风险
由国外较高增长率造成的直接投资较高的收益
保留对独特的生产知识的直接控制
不愿给外国生产企业发许可证的大公司
逃避对进口货征收的关税及其他限制措施
对外国制造业所进行的大规模直接投资
获得进入新的国外市场的必要融资
对全世界子公司的经营活动进行直接控制
促进和鼓励跨国公司在国外的直接投资

To earn higher returns in foreign countries for the purpose of
international investment
Utilize overseas card coupons more benefits to earn more money
Expected yields maximize foreign card coupons buyers
Considering the coupon market value of foreign card great variability
By the foreign market caused by the coupon card drop sharply reduced
earnings
Measure of foreign stocks and bonds for the risk of the investment
The higher growth rate of foreign direct investment by higher returns
To keep the unique production of knowledge directly control
Not to give foreign production enterprise permittee to big companies
To escape the collection of tariffs and other import restrictions
Foreign manufacturing to the large-scale direct investment
Access to the new foreign markets of the financing necessary
To the world of the subsidiary operation directly control
Promote and encourage multinational company in foreign direct investment

1、
国际投资主要由国际有价证劵投资和对 外直接投资这两种形式组成，前者指采取购买股票、债券形式
的证劵投资，后者指在国外进行生产或其他 经营活动
International investment mainly by the international marketable card
coupons investment and foreign direct investment of the two kinds of forms,
the former refers to take buy stocks and bonds form the coupon insight
investment, the latter refers to the in foreign production or other
business activities
23 24

2、
战后，为了最大限度地增 加利润，工业化国家除了极力扩大商品和服务的出口以外，还在世界各地进
行各种形式的直接投资
After the war, in order to maximize profits, industrialized countries in
addition to trying to expand the export of goods and services, but also
in all over the world to various forms of direct investment

3、
毫无疑问的，发展中国家丰富的自然资 源、低廉的劳动力和各种鼓励措施，必然吸引发达国家的大公
司对它们进行大量直接投资，使它们获得巨 额利润
There is no doubt that developing countries rich in natural resources,
cheap labor and all kinds of measures to encourage, will attract the
developed countries of the big company of direct investment on them, so
that they get huge profits

4、
70年代以来，发达国家对发 展中国家的直接投资日益采取与当地资本开设合资企业的形式，这样既可
取得优惠待遇，又可以防止其企 业被东道国实行国有化
Since 70 s, the developed countries to the developing countries of direct
investment and local open capital increasingly take the form of joint
venture, such already can get preferential treatment, and can prevent the
enterprise by the host country practise nationalization

5、
主要发达国家的许多跨国公司在全球范围进 行生产、加工和销售业务，它们的分公司和子公司遍及世
界各地
Many of the major developed countries multinational company in the global
range production, processing and sales business, their branches and
subsidiaries around the world
24 24