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英语音标发音 什么是开音节 什么是闭音节
1.开音节
1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例:be,he。
2)以辅音字母(r
除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例:make,like。
*
在重读的开音节中元音字母按字母名称读音。
2.闭音节
以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节,
称为闭音节。例:map,desk,is。
* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。
一,元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
在开音节中
[ei]
name plane Jane baby
cake
在闭音节中
[ ]
bag dad hat map black
back
e
在开音节中
[i:]
he these
me Chinese
在闭音节中
[e]
bed let pen desk
yes egg
i
在开音节中
[ai]
bike fly
drive time nice kite
在闭音节中
[i]
fish
big drink sit milk swim
o
在开音节中
[Eu]
those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中
[C]
clock not box shop sock
u
在开音节中
[ju:]
student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中
[Q]
bus cup jump much
lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June
blue ruler super
二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
[E]
China another
woman breakfast
[i]
orange comrade village
cabbage
e
[E]
hundred student open
weekend
[i]
chicken pocket begin children
i
[E][i]
holiday beautiful family
animal
[ai]
exercise satellite
o
[E]
second tonight somebody welcome
[Eu]
also zero photo
u
[E]
autumn diffcult
[ju:]
popular
congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July
influence February issue
三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a在[w]音后面
[C]
want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph
sp ss st th前
[a:]
after plant graph ask
grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai]
find child light high
o在-st -ld前
[Eu]
most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前
[Q]
come monkey love mother
四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ar
ar在[w]音后面
[a:]
car farm dark
sharpener
[C:]
warm quarter towards
or
or在[w]音后面
[C:]
forty morning short
[E:]
word worker worse
er ir ur
[E:]
certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-
r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.
例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr
forget Saturday
五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
are
[a:E]
care dare hare
ere
[iE]
here mere
ire
[aiE]
fire hire wire
ore
[C:]
more score before
ure
[ju:E]
pure cure
are ere ire
ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-
re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr
读[r]音.
例如:parent zero story
during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.
例如:orange very American paragraph
六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例
词
aiay
[ei]
afraid rain wait day play
air
[aiE]
air hair chair pair repair
al在f m前
[C]
small ball talk wall all
[C:l]
always also salt almost bald
[a:]
half calm
auaw
[C:]
autumn daughter draw
ea
[i:]
teach
easy cheap please
[e]
heavy bread sweater
weather
[ei]
break great
ear
[iE]
hear dear near clear year
[εE]
bear pear wear
[E:]
earth learn early
ee
[i:]
jeep week green three
eer
[iE]
pioneer deer beer
eiey
[ei]
eight neighbour they
[i:]
either key
euew在
j l r s后
[ju:]
new few
newspaper
[u:]
flew brew
ieei[s]音之后
[i:]
piece field receive
oa
[Eu]
coat Joan boat goal
oaroor
[C:]
roar board door floor
oioy
[Ci]
noise point boy toilet
oo
[u:]
broom food tooth school
[u]
book look cook foot good
ouow
[au]
flower house count down
[Eu]
know row
throw though
[Q]
young country enough
[u:]
group you soup
our
[C:]
course your four
[auE]
our
hour ours
[C:]
journey
ui
在j l r
s后
[ju:i]
fluid suicide tuition
[u:]
juice fruit suit
七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群
读 音
例 词
aiay eiey
[i]
Sunday foreign monkey
ow
[Eu]
yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i].
例如:neighbour
serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
[Fn]
impression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[Vn]
vision decision occasion
-tion在s后
[tFE n]
question suggestion
-sten
[sn]
listen
-stle
[sl]
whistle
-sure
[VE]
pleasure measure
-ture
[tFE]
picture culture
八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音
字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则
拼读.
例如:
everyday[ei]
handbag[ ]
blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重
读
部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.
例如:
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 >
Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i]
假日
break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
九,辅字组的读音
辅字组
读 音
例 词
b
[b]
bike bus bag
[]
bomb tomb
c
c在e前或在iy前
[k]
cake picture coat music
[s]
face decide cinema
ch
[tF]
much chick rich teacher
[k]
school headache chemistry
[F]
machine
-ck
[k]
cock pocket black knock
d
[d]
doctor bread hand day
-dge
[dV]
bridge fridge
dr-
[dr]
children driver drink
f
[f]
five
four breakfast
g
g在e iy前
[^]
bag gardon go
[dV]
orange large German
gh
[f]
cough enough
[]
light
daughter high
gu- -gue
gu在非重读音节中
[^]
guess league dialogue
[^w]
language
anguish
h
[h]
hot head house hand
[]
hour honest
j
[dV]
jeep jar
joke join July
k
[k]
kind bike
skate make week
kn-
[n]
knife know
knock
l
[l]
life milk school tall
m
[m]
monkey come autumn
-mn
[m]
autumn column
n
n在[k] [g]音前
[n]
not shine ten note
[N]
uncle
thank hungry
-ng
[N]
morning young
wrong
p
[p]
paper plane pig
ship pen
ph
[f]
elephant photo
telephone
q
[k]
Iraq
qu-
[kw]
quality quite
r
[r]
red rubber
ruler
s在词首或清辅音前
元音字母间或浊辅音前
[s]
sit
sleep desk
[z]
music husband
sc-
[sk]
scarlet
[s]
muscle science
sh
[F]
she fish shirt wash
t在通常情况下
在弱读字母ia ie io前
[t]
ten
letter meet
[F]
patient nation
tch
[tF]
watch
th在通常情况下
在冠词 代词 介词 连词中
在词尾-the -ther中
[θ]
thin thirty method
[T]
the these with than
[T]
clothe
father weather
tr-
[tr]
tree train
country truck
v
[v]
very voice
love leave
w
[w]
week win wake sweet
wait
[]
answer two
wh-
wh-在字母o前
[w]
what when white why
[h]
who
whose whole
x
在重读元音前
[ks]
box text
exercise
[gz]
examle exist exact
wr-
[r]
write
y-
[j]
yes yard
yellow young
z
[z]
puzzle zero
zoo
重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符
号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号.
开音节
①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例如:no blue ba-by
stu-dent se-cret.
②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再
加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例
如:name these bike home ex-
cuse.
闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y
除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节.例如:bag egg
fish not cup
多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读.
例如: el-e-phant
con-grat-u- la-tion
词尾有-ic或-
tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读.例如:scien
tific im
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