英语字母及字母组合发音规律一览表

字母及字母组合发音规律总结

单元音
1) [i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie ei
three [θri:] tree [tri:] meet [mi:t] beef [bi:f] seek
[si:k]
eat [i:t] tea [ti:] meat [mi:t] leave [li:v] speak [spi:k]
he [hi:] she [?i:] me [mi:]
piece [pi:s] receive [ri'si:v] ceiling ['si:li?]

2) [i] 发音字母 i y e ey
sit [sit] picture ['pikt??] listen ['lis?n] mix [miks] fix
[fiks] miss [mis]
myth [miθ] many ['meni] happy ['h?pi] dictionary
['dik??n?ri]
defect [di'fekt] decide [di'said] delicious [di'li??s]

3)[ ?] 发音字母 a ai
actress ['?ktris] happy ['h?pi] bad [b?d] black [bl?k]
glad [ɡl?d]

4)[e] 字母组合 ea e a
head [hed] bread [bred] pleasure ['ple??] many ['meni]

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any ['eni]
elephant ['elif?nt] electric [i'lektrik] sell [sel] lesson
['les?n]

5) [?:] 字母组合ir ur ear ur or
girl [ɡ?:l] shirt [??:t] skirt [sk?:t] bird [b?:d]
turn [t?:n] burn [b?:n] murder ['m?:d?] nurse [n?:s]
learn [l?:n] earn [?:n] earth [?:θ] heard [h?:d]
term [t?:m] her [h?:] nerd [n?:d] serve [s?:v]
work [w?:k] worm [w?:m] work [w?:k] world [w?:ld]

6)[?] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u
leader ['li:d?] player ['plei?] speaker ['spi:k?] farmer
['fɑ:m?]
actor ['?kt?] mayor ['mε?] author ['?:θ?] tractor ['tr?kt?]
Delicious [di'li??s] gracious ['ɡrei??s]
familiar [f?'milj?] collar ['k?l?] dollar ['d?l?]
today[t?'dei] shallop['??l?p] polite[p?'lait] around
[?'raund] ago [?'ɡ?u]
manta ['m?nt?] banana [b?'nɑ:n?] famulus ['f?mjul?s]

7)[a:] 字母组合 ar a
car [kɑ:] farm [fɑ:m] card [kɑ:d] arm [ɑ:m] garden

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['ɡɑ:dn]
fast [fɑ:st] class [klɑ:s] last [lɑ:st] glass [ɡlɑ:s] plant
[plɑ:nt]

8) [?] 发音字母 u o ou oo
up [?p] supper ['s?p?] lunch [l?nt?] fun [f?n] hunt
[h?nt]
come [k?m] mother ['m???] brother ['br???] love [l?v]
above [?'b?v]
trouble ['tr?bl] rough [r?f] blood [bl?d] flood [fl?d]

9) [?:]字母组合 al or au our ar aw
small [sm?:l] wall [w?:l] talk [t?:k] tall [t?:l] hall [h?:l]
ball [b?:l]
short [??:t] more [m?:] lord [l?:d] horse [h?:s] sport
[sp?:t]
door [d?:] floor [fl?:] author ['?:θ?] caught [k?:t]
autumn ['?:t?m]
four [f?:] mourn [m?:n] court [k?:t] bought [b?:t]
warm [w?:m] quarrel ['kw?:r?l] quarter ['kw?:t?]
draw [dr?:] saw [s?:] flaw [fl?:]

10) [?] 发音字母 o a

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hot [h?t] lost [l?st] lot [l?t] fox [f?ks] hop [h?p] loss
[l?s]
want [w?nt] wash [w??]

11) [u:] 字母组合 oo o u
food [fu:d] moon [mu:n] gloom [ɡlu:m] broom [bru:m]
doom [du:m] shoe [?u:] do [du:] two [tu:]
true [tru:] truth [tru:θ] blue [blu:]

12) [u] 字母组合 oo ou u o
look [luk] good [ɡud] foot [fut] book [buk]
should [?ud] could [kud]
put [put] full [ful] bull [bul] pull [pul] push [pu?]
woman ['wum?n] wolf [wulf]

双元音
13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey
name [neim] cake [keik] late [leit] gate [ɡeit] plane
[plein]
play [plei] say [sei] may [mei] way [wei]
great [ɡreit] break [breik]
rain [rein] paint [peint] plain [plein]
they [?ei] grey [ɡrei]

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14) [ai] 发音字母 i y ie igh eye
bike [baik] fine [fain] find [faind] die [dai] light ['lait]
night [nait]
my [mai] try [trai] fly [flai] eye [ai]

15) [au] 字母组合 ou ow
out [aut] flour ['flau?] ground [ɡraund] account [?'kaunt]
loud [laud]
flower ['flau?] down [daun] now [nau] cow [kau] town
[taun]

16) [?u] 发音字母 o ow oa
home [h?um] cold [k?uld] phone [f?un] host [h?ust]
ghost [ɡ?ust]
know [n?u] low [l?u] below [bi'l?u] grow [ɡr?u] blow
[bl?u]
boat [b?ut] coat [k?ut] goal [ɡ?ul]

17) [?i] 字母组合oy oi
boy [b?i] toy [t?i] joy [d??i]
oil [?il] soil [s?il] voice [v?is] choice [t??is]


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18) [i?] 字母组合 eer ea ear
beer [bi?] deer [di?] ear [i?] idea [ai'di?] near [ni?]
fierce [fi?s]

19) [ε?] 字母组合ear air
pear [pε?] bear [bε?] chair [t?ε?] air [ε?] fair [fε?] care
[kε?]

20) [u?] 字母组合our oor ur ure
hour ['au?] tour [tu?] poor [pu?]
flower ['flau?] shower ['?au?] Europe ['ju?r?p] pure
[pju?]

辅 音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push

2) [b] book big boot bike bread break

3) [t] two ten ton town twenty city

4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary

5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)

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card cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)

6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb

8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean

9) [η] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning

10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag world cold could goal soul

11) [r] read red right run room write

12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
cough laugh rough physic photo phone

13) [v] very evening even every voice vest

14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)

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15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose

16) [?] think thank three thirty tooth mouth

17) [?]that this those these though

18) [? ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
nation attention station social special sure

19) [З] pleasure

20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who

21) [w] when what where window wind wood

22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow

23) [t? ] child chicken china chair lunch teach (字母组合ch）
catch watch match （字母组合tch)

24) [dЗ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge

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joy enjoy join July June junk

25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk

26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink

27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts

28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods

字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [?] [?] [a:] []
late private grade bake grape nation station page
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want

2）e [i:] [e] [?] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble
decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident

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active table late wife store lecture

3）i [ai] [?]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit

4）o [?u] [u:] [Λ] [?] [R]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest

5）u [ju:] [u] [Λ] [?]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest

6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease


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7）g [g] [dЗ] [η]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening

8) l [l] 读音不同,注意区别在音节前后的发音
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal

9) n [n] [η]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young

10) r [r]
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north

11）y [j] [?] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my

12）ar [a:] [?] [?:]

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farm card garden mark
dollar popular solar
warm quarrel quarter

13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [i?]
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize

14) ear [?:] [i?]
learn earth earn heard
hear near clear ear fear

15) er [?:] [?] [i?]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce

16） ere [i?] [ε?]
here mere
there


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17) ir [?:] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire [di’zai?]

18) oo [u:] [u] [Λ] [?:]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
附： I.重读音 节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。如:too(太;
也),zoo(动物园),room(房 间)等
II. 在辅音字母f, l, m, n, s前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]< br>的音。如:roof(屋顶),school(学校),soon(不久),goose(鹅)等.有一< br>个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);
III. 在字母t前的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。
如:boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿),特例词:foot[u](脚);
IV. 字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。
如:good(好),book(书),look(看) ,特例词:food[u:](食物);
V. 在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的
音。如 :bedroom(卧室),classroom(教室)等;
VI. 在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[Λ]的音。
如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.
巧记方法: oo读长还是短,记住口诀就简单。 d, k之前读
短[u],food一词是特例; t前读长[u:],foot需要特殊记; 复合词

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中要读短,其余多数读长[u:];

19) or [ ?:] [?:] [?]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator

20) oor [ ?:] [u?]
door floor
moor poor boor

21) our [u?] [?:]
hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn 哀悼，忧伤，服丧

22) ou [au] [Λ] [?]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous

23) ow [?u] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow

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24) s [z] [s]
nose suppose lose pose rose
mouse house

25) th [?] [?] （找不到相应的字符表示）
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than

26) sion [??n] [З?n]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television

27) tion [??n]
station nation translation attention question

开音节:
1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e
kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
(相对开音节:单个元音字母 后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个
不发音字母e构成的重读音节.例如:name these bike home
ex-cuse. )
2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello

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(对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节.例
如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret.)

闭音节:
1) 辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2) 元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant
(单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的
重读音节.例如:bag egg fish not cup)

元音字母在重读音节中的读音
a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中 [ ?e] bag dad hat map black back

e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg

i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim

o 在开音节中 [?u] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中 [?]
clock not box shop sock


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u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中 [Λ] bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,
例如:June blue ruler super

元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
a [?] China another woman breakfast
[i] orange comrade village cabbage

e [e] hundred student open weekend
[i] chicken pocket begin children

i [?][i] holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite

o [?] second tonight somebody welcome
[?u] also zero photo

u [?] autumn diffcult
[ju:] popular congratulation January

另外：动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例

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如:July influence February issue

重读音节
单词中读音特别响亮的音节.用音标标记双音节,多音节
词的 读音时,应使用重读符号.单音节词多数是重读音节,标记
读音时不需要使用重读符号.
多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重
读. 例如: el-e-phant con-grat-u- la-tion; 有-ic或-tion,-sion的
词,在-ic或- sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读,如:scientific
impression nation.


关于语音的几个概念:
Phonics 是一种(方法), 是教育学习者从字母排列中去拼读出单个字来.
AHD表示美语发音,The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language（简
称AHD）
KK音标是一套(注音符号系统),是由John Samuel Kenyon 和 John Albert Knott两
位美国学者共同编著的发音词典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American1956中用
于标注美式发音的符号系统, 这是一套最常用的也是最权威的注音法，从此人们
把美语标准发音惯称为KK音标。
DJ是根据英国学者Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing
Dictionary, 1963)中的标音而来.
英式读音根据的是English Pronouncing Dictionary 《英语正音辞典》。它们代表

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了被称为“Received Pronuciation”（RP）（标准读音）的读音，这在受过教育的英
国人尤其是南部英格兰人 中通用。
1888年国际语音协会 (International Phonetic Association) 的语言学家便制定出一
套可国际通用的语音符号叫国际音标符号 (IPA—International Phonetic
Alphabet)，希望以一个符号代 表一音，并避免各人使用一套自己的符号所产生的
不便。
国内的英文字典里最常见的音标为英式发音的国际音标 (DJ) 和美式发音的KK
音标，前者乃根据Daniel Jones编的英语发音字典 (English Pronouncing Dictionary,
1963)，后者则是根据John S. Kenyon & Thomas A. Knott二氏的美语发音字典 (A
Pronouncing Dictionary of American English, 1956)。值得一提的是，KK音标所使
用的符号均从前面提到的国际音标符号 (IPA) 而来，Kenyon & Knott二氏仅将
其中适用于美式英语的符号截取出来。

音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.
元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有
20个元音. 辅音: 发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成
部分,英语中有28个辅音.



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