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It的用法、There be句型 英语学习

作者:高考题库网
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2020-10-24 07:29
tags:学习英语的网站

bouncy-糖的英文

2020年10月24日发(作者:屈秉筠)



期末专题练习——It的用法、There be句型

[教学内容]
第一部分 It 的用法
概说:It是个非常简单的单词,但其用法却很灵活。

一、指代作用。It作句子的主语。
(一)It指前面已经提到过的人或事物。
1. What’s this? — It’s a chair.
2. Who is it? — It’s me.
提示:it代替上文提及的原物(复数用they);
one指代上文提及的、泛指的可数名词单数(复数ones);
that指代上文提及的定指的可数名词单数或不可数名词(复数those)。

(二)It指时间、季节。虚义。
1. What time is it? — It’s nine.
2. It’s time to go to school. Let’s go.
3. What day is today? — It’s Saturday.
4. What is the date today? — It is Oct. 1
st
.
5. What season is it? — It is summer.

(三)It指气候。虚义。
1. It is cold in this room. 这个房间很冷。
2. What’s the weather like today? — It’s fine. 今天天气怎么样? 天气很好。
3. It often snows in winter in Harbin. 哈尔滨的冬天经常下雪。

(四)It指距离、情况等。虚义。
1. It is five kilometers from my home to the school. 从我家到学校有五千米。
2. It is very near from this shop to that. 从这个商店到那个商店很近。
3. It is a long way to the sea. 这离海很远。
4. Is it well with you? 你身体好吗?

二、It作形式主语。
动词不定式、动名词短语、从句在整个句中起主语作用,而这一部分用词较多,因此



用it作为形式主语,放在句首。

(一)It + 谓语 + 动词不定式
形主 真主
1. It is difficult to climb a mountain. 爬山是很艰难的。
正常形式:To climb a mountain is difficult.
2. It is a good habit to do morning exercises. 做早操是个好习惯。
3. It’s important to study English. 学习英语很重要。

(二)It + 谓语 + 动名词短语
形主 真主
1. It is dangerous playing with fire. 玩火是危险的。
2. It is no use learning without thinking. 学而不思则罔。
3. It is wrong arguing with your parents. 和你的父母吵架是错误的。

(三)It + 谓语 + 名词性从句
形主 真主
1. It is pity that you didn’t see that good film. 你没看到那部好电影真可惜。
2. It is said that he will be late today. 据说他今天会来晚。
整理:It is was difficult (easy, hard, important, useful, possible, a pity, a pleasure…) to do
sth.

三、It作形式宾语。
It作形式宾语,代表其后所说的真正的宾语。
1. I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language. 我发现学习一门外语并不难。
2. I remember I put it in my bag that the book I bought in Beijing. 我记得我把我在北京买
的书放在书包里了。

四、用于表示强调的句型中。
1. It was here that I first met him. 我初次与他见面就在这儿。
2. It is English that Jim teaches us every Monday. Jim每个周一教我们学习英语。

五、用于某些习语中,虚义。
1. Keep at it! 别松劲!干下去!



2. You’ll catch it! 你可小心点儿!

第二部分 There be 句型
概说:There be 结构,也就是我们平时所说的“某地有某物”,表示存在的句型。
一. 肯定句。
There be + 主语+地点
There are some chairs in your room.
二. 否定句。
There be not ( any ,much) + 主语+地点
There aren’t any chairs in your room.
三. 一般疑问句。
Be 动词提前
Is there any chairs in your room?
四. 特殊疑问句。
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
What are there in your room? There are some chairs in my room.
How many chairs are there in your room? There are six chairs in my room.
五. 热门考点。
1. there be 与 have 的区别。
There are six chairs in my room. (强调某地有某物) 在我的房间里有六把椅子。
I have six chairs. (强调某人拥有某物) 我有六把椅子。
2. be动词与名词的单、复数保持一致。
There is a girl over there. 那边有一个女孩。
There are five girls over there. 那边有五个女孩。
3. 就近原则。
There is a pen and some pencils in my bag. 我的书包里有一只钢笔和一些铅笔。
There are some pencils and a pen in my bag. 我的书包里有一些铅笔和一只钢笔。
4. there be +不定冠词+可数名词。
There is a photo of Cai Yilin on the wall. (正确) 墙上有一张蔡依琳的照片。
There is the photo of Cai Yilin on the wall. (错误)
5. there be 有时态变化。
There was an apple on the table yesterday. 昨天在桌子上有一个苹果。
There is going to be a meeting this morning. 今天早上要开会。
6. there be 的反意疑问句。



There is no water in the bottle, is there? 瓶子里没有水,是吗?
There are many students at school, aren’t there? 学校里有许多学生,不是吗?

六. 连线中考。
2003考例:
1) There______ a football game this afternoon. (武汉市)
A. will have
答案:B
2) There was no time for the twins to go shopping. (改为反意疑问句) (哈尔滨市)
There was no time for the twins to go shopping, ______ ______?
答案:was there
3) Do you think______ an American film on TV tomorrow? (广西)
A. is there
答案:B
4)—What's on the plate? (吉林省)
—There______ some bread on it.
A. is
答案:A
5) Jenny: How many countries ______ in Europe? (台湾省)
Betty: I'm not sure.
A. is it
答案:D

B. is there C. are they D. are there
B. are C. has D. have




B. there's going to be
D. there's going to have C. will there be
B. is going to be C. has
【模拟试题】(答题时间:30分钟)
一、仿照示例完成句子:
To run in the morning is very good. → It is good to run in the morning.
1. To play basketball must be fun. → _______________________
2. To walk in the park is pleasant. → _______________________
3. To learn a new language is very interesting. → _______________________
4. To read a long word is difficult. → _______________________
5. To be in class on time is important. → _______________________

二、翻译下列句子:



1. 今天非常热。
_______________________
2. 昨天是星期一。
_______________________
3. 从我家到学校很近。
_______________________
4. 正在下雨。
_______________________
5. 现在是七点半。
_______________________

三、选择
1. ______ a reading lamp on the table.
A. There is B. There has C. It is D. It has
2. ______ no coffee left yesterday.
A. It being B. There being C. It was D. There was
3. There _____ five pairs in the room.
A. were B. is C. are D. was
4. There ______ no use to ask him this question.
A. were B. is C. are D. was
5. There ______ a lot of people waiting for the bus.
A. are B. is C. were D. was



【试题答案】
一、依照示例,完成句子。
1. It must be fun to play basketball.
2. It is pleasant to walk in the park.
3. It is very interesting to learn a new language.
4. It is difficult to read a long word.
is important to be in class on time.

二、翻译下列句子:
1. It’s hot today.
2. It was Monday yesterday.
3. It’s very near from my home to school.
4. It is raining now.
5. It is seven thirty now.

三、选择:
1. A


There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型,表示“有”,其确切含义是“存在”there
作为引导词 ,本身没有意义,用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词,它的主语是用一些表示泛
指或不定特指的名词词 组,动词be和 主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间
的状语。因此要表达“某个地方或 某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be + 名词
+ 地点(时间)这一句型。例如:
There is a great Italian deli across the street.
穿过街道,有一家大的意大利熟食店。
There are some students in the dormitory.
在宿舍里有一些学生。
2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A



一、There be 结构中的主谓一致
1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be 应该取单数is;当其后所接
的名词是复数的可数名词时,be用复数are。
There's a man at the door.
门口有个人。
There is some apple juice in the bottle.
瓶子里有些苹果汁。
There are some strangers in the street.
大街上有一些陌生人。
2.如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持
数的一致。
There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。
There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。
二、There be 结构中的时态
be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There is no harm in trying.
不妨一试。
There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.
去年春天,山中有极美的野花。
There will be a fine day tomorrow.
明天将是一个晴天。
There have been several private schools in our area this year.



今年,我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。
be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There may be a cigarette in that box.
那只盒子里或许有支香烟。
There must be some cakes on the table.
桌子上一定有些蛋糕。
There used to be a hospital there before the war.
战前,那里曾经有家医院。
be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用:be going to 、seem to 、appear
to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to ….
There seem to be a few trees between me and the green.
在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。
There is gong to be a meeting tonight.
今天晚上有个会议。
There is likely to be a storm.
可能有一场暴雨。
There happened to be a bus nearby.
碰巧附近有辆公交车。
There appears to have been a nasty accident.
似乎发生了一起严重事故。
be 结构中除可以用be 外,还可以用其它动词。例如:
There came a scent of lime-blossom.



飘来一阵菩提树的花香。
Once upon a time there lived a king in China.
从前中国有一个国王。
三、There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句
be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,如: There
isn’t a box in the room.
房间里没有盒子。
There aren’t any pens on the desk.
课桌上没有钢笔。
There hasn’t been any rain for a week.
一周没下雨了。
There won’t be a meeting today.
今天没有会议。
另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如:
There is no water in the bottle.
瓶子里没有水。
There are no pictures on the wall.
墙上没有图画。
There will be no one at home tomorrow morning.
明天上午不会有人在家。
There might be no money left。
或许没有剩下什么钱。



be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单
答语。如:
Is there a cake on the table?
桌子上有块蛋糕吗?
Yes,there is. No,there isn’t.
是,有。 不,没有。
Will there be a party tonight?
今晚有聚会吗?
Yes,there will. No, there won’t
是的,有。 不,没有。
Have there been any letters from your mother lately?
近日你妈妈有信来吗?
Yes,there have. No, there haven’t.
是,有的。 不,没有。
be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况:
How many students are there in your school?
你们学校有多少学生?
How much money is there in your pocket?
你口袋里有多少钱?
be 句型的反意疑问句
There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?
桌子上有只杯子,是吗?



There is some orange in the glass, isn’t there?
杯子里有桔汁,是吗?
There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren’t there?
邮筒里有很多信件,是吗?
There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there?
附近要建一家新医院,是吗?
四、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式
There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、
宾语和状语。
1. there being 结构起名词的作用,直接位于句首作主语,通常用it 作形式主语,并且用
for引导。
There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车
站,很是方便。
It is impossible for there to be any more.
不可能再有了。
2. there be 结构作宾语时,通常用there to be ,常作这样一些词的宾语:expect,like,
mean, intend, want,prefer,hate等。
I expect there to be no argument about this.
我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。
I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.
我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。
People don’t want there to be another war.



人们不希望再有战争了。
另外,作介词宾语时,如果是介词for,只能用“there to be”其它介词用“there being”
The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.
老师在等着大家都安静下来。
I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.
我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。
3. 作状语的there be 形式,通常用“there being”结构。
There being nothing else to do ,we went home.
因为没有其他事可做,我们就回家了。
They closed the door ,there being no customers.
因为没有顾客,他们的店关门了。
五、There be 结构和have的区别与联系
1.区别点:there be 意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have 表示所有关系,
强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法。如:
There are some trees in front of the house.
房前有些树。
Tom has many friends in China.
汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
2.相同点:在表示结构上的含有时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用have(has) 来表
示。如:
中国有许多长河。
There are many long rivers in China.



China has many long rivers.
三月份有多少天?
How many days are there in March?
How many days has March?

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