英语的英标,发音规则及练习

26个字母发音规律

a
ei name cake table






b


c



d


?
α:
o
b
k
s

d
apple cat map am
want dance
what watch
book big bag box
cat cake cup clock car
face nice pencil books
desk doll dog dad

e
i: he she meet me

e elephant egg bed pen


f


g




h


i



j

f
ɡ
dз
h
ai
i

dз
fine friend fly foot fan
gun glass glad glove
age orange
hat he house hand
fine bike five ice
is sit miss pig picture
jeep jam jacket jar

k
k kite cake black thank

l
l leg left ruler flag lamp

l


m
m

n
n

o
?u

o

∧



apple bowl tell old
am map my mouth milk
no know new hand
old home nose coke
dog not clock box
son month mother love

p
p map jeep pig pen apple

q
kw quite quilt quick

r


s



t

u



r
s
z
t
ju:
∧
u
red radio brother racket
sit miss this smile books
nose those rose rulers
it sit not that table little
use usually excuse
bus us sun duck
put pull push

V
v five vase very seven

w
w we window watch want

x


y




Z








ks
ai
j
i
z
box six fox
my fly why
yes yellow
happy baby
zoo zero
bye
very

元音组合

ai
ei wait paint

ay


air


al


ar


ea






ei
ε?
o:
α:
i:
e
i?
may play day say
air hair chair
tall small ball
farther farm car arm
meat please tea read
head bread ready
theater

ear
i? ear hear near

ε? bear



ee


eir


er




ere




?:
i:
ε?
?
?:
i ?
ε?
earth
meet see bee
their
work teacher
her
here
where there
feet jeep

ew
ju: new few

u: flew grew

ight


ir


oa


ong


oo




or



ai
?:
?u
o?
u
u:
:
?:
right high bright
bird girl shirt thirty
boat coat
long song
book foot good
moon balloon
short fork port
word world work

oor
o: door floor

ore
o: more store sore

ou


our




ow




oy


ur



au
o:
au?
?u
au
oi
?:
out house mouth
four your
our
bowl window
now cow flower
boy toy
turn

辅音组合

Th
θ thank mouth


tr


dr


sh


ch







tw

δ
tr
dr
∫
t∫
k
dз
tw
this that with
tree train truck
dress driver
shirt wash short
child chair catch
school Christmas
sandwich
two twin twenty

wh
w white wheel what

h who whose whom

ts


ds














ts
dz
jackets
birds
kites

x: 这个字母跟f,l,m, n,s,z一样同属限音e一族，什么叫限音e呢，就是这些字母的读音都含有e,限
音的意思就是这些 字母在组成单词的时候，发音要去掉e，比如x这个字母的发音是eks，那么在它
组合单词的时候，发 间就变成了ks。同样的，其它几个限音e一族也遵循着这个规律。（当然有时会
有浊化音的产生，比如 说s的读音为es，在单词中有时会读成s，有时则会浊化为z）。

c: 这个字母大家 很熟悉，它在单词中大多发k和s两种音，在这里我要说的是，c这个字母在a,o.u
的前面多发k， 在e,i,y前多发s。
下面介绍一个很有用的发音组合就是：
元音+辅音+不发音的e。
这个规则的意思有两点：1、当一个组合是由元音+辅音+字母e组合的时候，那么这个字母e在其中< br>不发音。2、在这个组合中，元音字母通常都读字母的本身音。如:use,excuse等。

m: 这个字母多发两个音，由于音标是一样的，所以在这里没法对两个读音作区分，那么在这里只需< br>记住一个单词就可以清楚的了解在什么情况下m这个字母发何种音，这个单词就是mum，很简单，
m在元音前和在元音后所发的音是不一样的。

y: 这个字母号称半元音。它在组合单词 的时候一共有三种发音，分别是j,ai,i。当y在词首的时候，
它发j，如yes,yard,ye t等。当y存在于词中和词尾的时候又分为两种情况：1、当单词中没有元音的
时候，y发ai，如my ,fly.2、在单词中已经含有元音的时候，y发音为i,如family,sorry.

ar: 这个是比较常见的字母组合，它在单词中通常都发音为a:,如,car,pardon.

1． 字母q总是与u在一起，读做kw, 此处u不作元音.
2． 字母c在字母e, y, i前读做s (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做k(cut, cap, cop).
3． 字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做j(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做j(get,
girl, give); 其它字母之前的g读做g(gate, go, gust).
4． 元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼读元
音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port…rather than rep ort).
5． 字母i和y经常读做i(big, gym), 但是也可读做I(silent, my, type).
6． 一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).
7． 有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she, 和 he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e, 较长的单词末
尾的e不发音)
尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作)

7.1 bake gene timetype code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音..
7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词.
7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音j和s.
7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母.
7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老
工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.
7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是 fals).
7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye
7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如orore forfore.
7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treatise giraffe

8.有五种字母组合发er的音, 记住下面的句子.
Her nurse first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.
另外,or在w后业可以发er的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发er的音.如dollar, doctor.
9. 1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将
末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop---hop ped). 但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音ks.
10. 2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将
末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin--- be gin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅
音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).
11. 去e规则, 以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的
e.(come---- coming)
12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下, 应该是ie, 但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时, 用ei(neighbor, weigh,
vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either
weird protein heifer:
13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish), 但绝对不会
在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship).
14. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音sh. 常常可以通过考察词根和根词
来确定发sh时用什么样的音素.比如
infect to in fec tious collect to col lec tion potent to po ten tial

music to mu si cian space to spa cious finance to fi nan cial
soci (companion) to so cial ancien (old) to an cient
cruc (cross) to cru cial speci (kind) to spe cial
15. 音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(ses sion)发sh, 一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个
s(tense---tension), 其中的音素si发sh.
discuss to dis cus sion compress to com pres sion admis to ad mis sion
16. 音素si可以发zh, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.
17. 只有一个元音的单音节词,常常双写词尾的l, s, f. 比如will, off, miss. 有时双音节词也用到这条规
则, 如re cess
18. 词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)
19. 元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old)
20. s从不在x后, 音素x包含一个s音, ks.
21. 去L规则1: all单独出现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).
22. 去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l. (un til, plen ti ful).
23. 音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).
24. Y变I规则: 进行词尾变化时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i. 下列两种情况驻外(1)加-ing, (2)
变后会引起音节分裂.
citycit ies beautybeau ti ful playplayer funnyfun ni est
multiplymul ti ply ing relyre li able crycried denydenied
25. 音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).
26. 字母开头的z永远发z, 不会发s.
27. 音素ed有三个音, 基本词以t和d音结尾, ed发ed(divide---divided, heat--- heated); 基本词以浊辅
音结尾的, ed发d( lived), 以清辅音结尾的发t(stopped)
28. 单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)], 重读
音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle.

1 元音:
1)
[i:]
字母组合:
ee ea e ie

three tree green sheep meet beef see seek(ee)
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please(ea)
he she me(e)
piece receive ceiling (ie,ei)
2)
[i]
发音字母
i y e

sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
myth many twenty happy dictionary
defect decide delicious
3) 发音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
4)
[e]
字母组合
ea e a

head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
many any
5)
[ε:]
字母组合
ir ur ear er or

girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
learn earn earth heard
term her nerd serve
work worm work world
6)
[ε]
字母组合
er or ou ar o a e u

teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
doctor actor mayor author tractor
delicious gracious
pleasure familiar
collar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite
around account ago
elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen
famulus Saturday
7)
[a:]
字母组合
ar a

car farm card arm garden
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8)
[ ]
发音字母
u o ou oo

up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
come mother dose brother love above
trouble rough flourish
blood flood
9)
[ ]
字母组合
al or au our ar aw

small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
author caught autumn
four mourn court bought
warm quarrel quarter

draw saw flaw
10)
[ ]
发音字母
o a

hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
want wash
11)
[u:]
字母组合
oo o u

food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
shoe do two
true truth blue full
12)
[u]
字母组合
oo ou u

look good foot book
should could
put full bull pull push
woman wolf
13)
[ei]
发音字母
a ay ea ai ey

name cake late gate plane April
play say may way
great break
rain paint plain
they grey
14)
[ai]
发音字母
i y

bike fine find die nine light night high

my try fly eye
15)
[au]
字母组合
ou ow

house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
flower down now cow how town
16)
[εu]
发音字母
o ow oa

home cold go no phone host ghost
know low below grow blow show flow
boat coat goal
17)
[ ]
字母组合
oy oi

boy toy joy
oil soil voice choice
18)
[iε]
字母组合
eer

beer deer ear idea near here fierce
19)
[ ]
字母组合
ear air

pear bear chair air fair care there where
20)
[uε]
hour tour poor flower shower
[ei] [ai] [aU] [EU] [Ri] [i[] [Z[] [UE]
2 容易混淆的元音
[ ] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said

[i：] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid
[e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide
[aU] [ ]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn
[aU] [ ]
found fond down done gown gone town ton
3辅音
1) [p] pen pear play pig pour pull push
2) [b] book big boot bike bread break
3) [t] tree two ten ton town twenty city
4) [d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5) [k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky (发音字母k)
card cat cream correct climb come account accept (发音字母c)
fox box oxygen x-ray (发音字母x)
school schedule schema (字母组合ch)
6) [g] girl good goal goat grade long language
7) [m] man make moon morning move come comb
8) [n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
9) [N] uncle bank English think thank junk
sing king morning evening
10) [l] long land lend lord fly flag black
world cold could goal soul

11) [r] read red right run room write
12) [f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife （字母f）
cough laugh rough（字母gh）
physic photo phone (ph)
13) [v] very evening even every voice vest( 字母v)
of (字母f)
14) [s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf (发音字母s)
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate (发音字母c)
licence piece juice science lance space ace (字母组合ce)
15) [z] zoo zebra zero zap (z)
close nose hose suppose pause those whose (se)
16) [ ] think thank three thirty tooth mouth
17) [ ] that this those these though
18) [ ] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash (sh)
nation attention station
social special
sure
19) [ ] pleasure
20) [h] hot hop home house horse how who
21) [w] when what where window wind wood
22) [j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23) [ ] child chicken china chair lunch ouch teach (字母组合ch）
catch watch match （字母组合tch)
24) [ ] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge

joy enjoy join July June junk
25) [tr] tree country try treat track trunk
26) [dr] dry dream drop drive drink
27) [ts] students boots boats goats nuts
28) [dz] goods woods moods hoods
4容易混淆的辅音
[v] [w]
vest west vet wet vine wine very well
[s] [ ]
sink think mass math miss myth sort sought
[z] [ ]
close cloth breeze breathe
[n] [ ]
thin thing sin sing ran rang ban bang win wing
5 字母，组合音节发音规律
1）a [ei] [?] [ ] [a:] [ ]
late private grade bake grape nation station page
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
accept about above formative machine cinema
fast last glass class past father
wash what watch want
2）e [i:] [e] [i] [ ] 不发音
appreciate extremely secret she me he
letter left message generate pebble

decide pretty previous result restore
problem prosperous student confident
active table late wife store lecture
3）i [ai] [i]
high price library ice cream wife size line
fist pick chicken piano fiancｅ city unit
4）o [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
lode host cold note okay old home
lose do who whose prove
love some other mother honey company
today tomorrow together control collect
lost hot mock office soft honest
5）u [ju] [u] [ ] [ ]
university refuse unique universe huge
put push pull full bull
but brush bucket duck bubble
support suggest
6）c [k] [s]
country camp camera courage cable
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
7）g [g] [ ] [ ]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
long song sing morning evening

8) l [l] 读音不同
listen learn language collect English gorilla
world cold soil tall sell cool animal
9) n [n] [ ]
moon night noodle number
uncle hungry angry young
10) r [r] [ ](美语发音)
right read write grade progress
card board door floor form north
11）y [j] [i] [ai]
yellow year yell young yolk
university country pretty happy
dyke dying fly buy by my
12）ar [a:] [ ] [ ]
farm card garden mark
dollar
warm quarrel quarter
13) ea [i:] [e] [ei] [ ]
cease season breathe feature meat please
bread breast breath meadow weather
great break
idea realize
14) ear [ ] [ ]
learn earth earn heard

hear near clear ear fear
15) er [ ] [ ] [ ]
deserve serve her person
teacher driver anger singer
serious experience mysterious fierce
16） ere [ ] [ ]
here mere fere sere
there
17) ir [ ] [ai]
shirt girl skirt
admire desire
18) oo [u:] [u] [ ] [ ]
room tool cool moon noon goof food
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book
blood flood
door floor
19) or [ ] [ ] [ ]
short form corn born for
work world worm word worst
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
20) oor [ ] [ ]
door floor
moor poor boor
21) our [ ] [ ]

hour tour flour bourn lour
pour court four mourn
22) ou [au] [ ] [ ]
house mouth mouse sound found
enough trouble touch
delicious gracious prosperous
23) ow [ ] [au]
window meadow know show low
now town how down cow
24) se [z] [s]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose
mouse house
25) th [W] [T]
thank think thought cloth
clothes that this then than
26) sion [ ] [ ]
propulsion tension progression passion
protrusion provision conclusion television
27) tion [ ] [ ](不常见)
station nation translation attention
question
6关于语音的几个概念:
音素: 音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.
音节: 由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.

元音: 发音响亮,是乐音,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个元音. 辅音:
发音不响亮,是噪音,口腔中气流受到阻碍,不是音节的重要组成部分,英语中有28个
辅音.
开音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音e kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)辅音+元音 he hi go no do be tree three hello
闭音节: 1)辅音+元音+辅音 sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head
2)元音+辅音 it is of in on up out ant