英语俚语的用法

The maximum and minimum sizes in part dimensions that are acceptable are
limits between which the actual part dimension must fall.
容许的最大尺寸和最小尺寸是该零件的上下限值，零件的实际尺寸必须在这上下
限值之间。
The difference between the maximum and minimum limits is tolerance, or the
total amount by which a part dimension may vary.
最大值和最小值之间的差值就是公差，也就是允许的差值变量。
When the tolerance is both above and below the nominal (true theoretical) size,
it is said to be bilateral (two sides).
在公差可允许范围内，实际工件尺寸可大于理论尺寸 ，也可小于理论尺寸，这被
称作双侧值（公差）
When the tolerance is indicated all on one side of nominal, it is said to be
unilateral (one sided).

只可以小于公称尺寸的，被称为是单测值。
Will the shaft made by one machine shop fit the bearing made by another
machine shop using the tolerances specified?
轴由一个产家制造轴承由另一个产家制造，使用额定的公差实际配合吗？
If the shaft is turned to the maximum limit of 1.001 and the bearing is bored to
its minimum limit of 0.999, both parts would be within acceptable tolerance, but
would not fit to each other since the shaft is 0. 002 larger than the bearing.
如果轴的最大公尺寸在1.001，轴承的最小公尺寸在0.999，这两个部件在可接
受的公 差范围内，但并不是每个部件都能彼此适合，轴承受的公差大于0.002。
Although a machinist is not usually concerned with establishing tolerance and
limit specifications, you can easily see how fit problems can be created by
overlapping tolerances discussed in this example.
虽然机器操作工 人并没经常关注建立的公差和规格限制，您能够轻易得看到设备
公差一致也会出现不匹配的实例。
Fits can range from free running or sliding, where a certain amount of
clearance, exists between mating parts, to press or interference fits where
parts are forced together under pressure.
配合分为部件间的自由运动和滑动，无疑需要匹配的部件间存在一定的间隙，以
及配合部件紧密配合在一起的压配合和过意配合。
Tolerances for press fits can become very critical because parts can be easily
damaged by attempting to press fit them if there is an excessive difference in
their mating dimensions.
对于压配合来说，对工件的公差要求很 挑剔。因为在压配合的过程中，如果部件
的公差过大，会对零件造成损害。
In addition, press fitting physically deforms the parts to some extent.
另外，压配合在某种程度上会使零件产生物理变形。
This can result in damage, mechanical binding, or require a secondary resizing
operation such as hand reaming or honing after the parts are pressed together.
这将导致结合部件配合在一起的损害，零件需要进行二次人工 捆绑和手动钻眼以
及打磨，重新调整合适的尺寸。

Hennessy Savoir Faire
轩尼诗的卓越

Harvesting
收获
The world’s finest eau-de-vie vineyards are located in the Cognac region of France, near

全世界酿造最好白兰地的葡萄园位于法国的柯纳克，在波尔多附近。


70,000 hectares of mostly Ugni Blanc vines grow in the chalky soil, in a climate ideal for
producing great quality eaux-de-vie. Only eaux-de-vie produced in the Cognac region can be
called cognac.
有70,000多公顷白垩质的土壤专门种植酿造白兰地的葡 萄园，适宜的气候为生产优质的白
兰地提供了方便。仅仅酿造白兰地的地区被称为白兰地。

For 250 years, Hennessy has created cognac with the best, people who respect nature and who
have remained faithful to traditions of exceptional quality.
250年来，轩尼诗已经酿造出最好的白兰地，尊重品质，秉承传统，创造卓越。

Ageing
陈酿
Selected eaux-de-vie age leisurely in Hennessy’s ageing cellars, while seasons pass. There is an
impatience to discover how these promising young eaux-de-vie will mature, yet the process must
be unhurried.
季节交替，在轩尼诗陈年酒窖从容地选择轩尼诗生命之水。这是一种渴望去发现 新品生命之
水的成熟，机会不容错过。
For seven generations, Hennessy’s Master Blenders, have been charged with preserving and
perpetuating this fabulous Hennessy heritage.
经过七代的延续，轩尼诗的调酒师们已经承担起保留和传承这一美好的传统。

Today, as in the past, Master Blenders group the eaux-de-vie according to their cru, year, origin
and taste in order to decide their destiny.
今天，回首过去，Master Blenders group根据白兰地的度数，年限，产地和口感去决定他们
的受欢迎度。
A silent dialogue begins between the eau-de-vie and the barrel’s oak, which may last many years,
or even a century, however long is needed for this subtle alchemy to produce the unique aromas
that set cognac apart from other spirits.
白兰地和橡树桶之间的无声对白，已经持续了很多年，甚至是一个世纪，不管多长时间都需
要微妙的酿 造技术去创造独一无二的芳香，这就是白兰地和其他酒的不同。

Tasting品味

In the

Grand Bureau, Hennessy maintains quality testing of all its remarkable eaux-de-vie stores.

The Tasting Committee are the custodians of this fastidious inventory.
在宏伟的分部，轩尼诗引人注目的白兰地窖藏依然坚持高质量的测试。品酒委员 会的负责人
以挑剔的态度把关，确保酒质的醇厚。
Here, the current Master Blender, Mr Yann Fillioux, and his team taste each eau-de-vie, to assess
its potential and decree its future.
在这里，当今的调酒师，颜·费尔沃先生和他的团 队品尝每一款白兰地，去评定它自身的潜
质和对未来的裁决。
This daily ceremony is unique in the art of cognac making and an intrinsic element of Hennessy’s
famed legacy.
这一日常仪式是白兰地酿造艺术的一部分，也是轩尼诗传承的本质元素。
Seven generations of the Fillioux family have succeeded each other in the pivotal role of Master
Blender, ensuring the secrets of Hennessy cognac pass intact from each master to his successor.
经过七代的传承，费尔沃家族已经成功地成为顶尖的调酒大师，确保轩尼诗白兰 地酿造秘密
在每位大师手中得以完美继承。
Blending
浑然天成
Hennessy assembles its cognacs by blending several very different eaux-de-vie; Yann Fillioux
draws from an immense range of flavours to create his cognacs.
轩尼诗组合原浆白兰地掺杂了几种不同的“生命水eaux-de-vie”, 颜·费尔沃从这一系列口味
中创造他自己的白兰地。
The blend reveals itself to be perfect. A taste that brings great dreams into fruition. Only then,
Hennessy offers its masterpiece to cognac devotees around the world…
混合显露出自身的完美。口感由梦想变成成果。仅此，轩尼诗自身酿造的精品， 有遍及世界
的热爱者。
translator@ 公司网站：http:
Crane Work Needs More Technique
Abstract
Crane work needs more technology.
Construction of tower cranes are the main vertical transportation equipment and also a measure of
construction companies and equipment strength of the important logo, in today's increasingly
competitive construction market, to meet the construction needs of many construction companies
have bought the tower crane.
With the tower crane at the construction site of the widely used by the tower crane accident also
caused more and more to people's lives and property brought about great losses.
According to national statistics, the departments concerned, the tower crane accident rate reached
2.77 percent.
Its security problem is still the urgency of the construction Loose training, testing and oversight
requirements for the people who work around construction cranes have fostered a false sense of
security in our industry.
The recent deadly tower-crane collapse at a congested New YorkCity building site should be a
wake-up call for us to question and step up our current safety practices.
Training and testing is king when it comes to safety.
But the construction industry is putting unqualified personnel in the seats of construction cranes,
even with today's testing.

In many places, no experience is necessary after passing a standardized test.
One week of study will give some people enough knowledge to pass a certification examination,
and then they can jump into the cab of a crane.
Imagine that a commercial airline pilot had the same training as a certified crane operator. How
would you feel the next time you decided to fly? In California, it takes more hours of training to
wield a pair of scissors in a hair salon than to operate potentially dangerous lifting machinery.
How does this make sense?
Riggers and signal persons also need standard training and testing to ensure safety under the hook.
Employers usually allow any craft to signal a crane on a jobsite, despite best practices that require
only qualified people do so. How is it then that uncertified and untrained people are allowed to
signal and rig under the hook of a licensed or certified operator?
Tower cranes are particularly risky as urban sites become more congested, and the risk of a
catastrophic event is very high during climbing operations. Yet most tower-crane climbing crews
are trained in a non-traditional manner, via secondhand knowledge that has been passed down
over time. The problem with this type of hand-me-down knowledge is that it changes over the
years, leaving out small-but-important details along the way. This
crews to develop their own tricks for climbing cranes, often forsaking basic safety in an attempt to
save time and energy.
In many cases, there are no safety devices or alarms to warn of a serious problem. Climbing crews
are subjected to pressures that affect safety-critical decision- making. It is not uncommon for
climbs to continue with damaged or leaking hydraulic systems, out-of-adjustment or jammed
guide rollers, often working in the dark and for extended hours. This method of
climbing, where every jump becomes a new adventure, should not be the norm.
Climbing-frame designs vary among manufacturers, but the operational steps are similar in
principle. The climbing process is relatively straightforward, with a mixture of physical work and
technical procedure. It is not complex; it is more about knowing the proper sequence of what
needs to be done and then following the steps, one by one, making sure each step has been
successfully completed before moving onto the next. It is essential that everyone know exactly
what is going on and what the dangers are at every stage.
That's why the industry needs standardized training, testing and oversight for this work, including
a practical assessment of competence. Technicians should have model-specific training directly
from the manufacturer, along with a level of practical experience. Inspectors, too, should be
required to have specific technical training. They should be independent from all aspects of
installation and maintenance to allow for objective decisions. Key personnel on erection crews
should have standard training and testing.
When these needs are satisfied, crane operations should be carried out in strict accordance with the
manufacturers' instructions, engineering principals and governmental laws. But industry
stakeholders and lawmakers need to step up their lax standards to protect the public. New York
City residents, who have seen their homes turned into dust and debris, would be shocked at the
way the industry deals with these issues.
起重机的工作需要更多的科学技术
摘要

塔式起重机是建筑施工垂直运 输的主要设备，也是衡量一个建筑施工企业装备实力的重要

标识，在当今竞争日益激烈的 建筑市场，为满足施工需要，很多施工企业都购置了塔式起重
机。随着塔式起重机在施工现场的广泛使用 ，由塔式起重机引发的伤亡事故也越来越多，给
人民的生命财产带来重大损失。据国内有关部门统计资料 表明，塔式起重机的事故率已达
2.77%。其安全问题仍然是建筑施工中的忧患……

起重机的工作需要更多的科学技术

松散的培训，测试和监督的要求, 周围的建筑 起重机给这些工作的人树立了一种虚假的安全
感，在我们的行业。最近塔式起重机倒塌在一个繁忙的纽约 市建筑地盘应敲响警钟，提醒我
们问题的存在，并加强我们目前安全的做法。
当谈到安全问题 时，训练和测试是关键。不过，建造业是把不合格人员放在建筑起重机的驾
驶位上，甚至没有通过今天的 测试。在许多地方，没有任何经验必须合格的通过标准化的测
试。一周的学习将给予一些人足够的知识足 以通过认证考试，然后他们可以跳转到的起重机
的驾驶室。
想象一下一个商业航空公司飞行员 和一个认证的起重机操作员有相同的训练。你会如何感
觉，下一次你决定要坐飞机？在加利福尼亚州，掌 握一对剪刀在头发沙龙比操作有潜在危险
的起重机械需要更多的时间训练。如何，这是否合理？
装配工人和发信号的人也需要标准的培训和测试，以确保安全下钩。雇主通常允许任何工人
发信号指挥 起重机上工地 ，尽管最佳做法是需要合格的人这样做。怎么能允许那么无证和
未受过训练的人来代替有 工作证或经核证的操作者呢？
塔式起重机是特别危险的，尤其是在市区用地变得更加拥挤时。攀登行动 更是一个风险的行
动，其灾难性非常高。然而，大多数塔式起重机攀登员的训练，在一个非传统的方式， 通过
二手知识已流传一段时间。问题与这种类型的现成的知识是，多年来，留下来的非常少，但
最重要的细节却丢失了。这种“渗透”的知识，导致操作者只能发展自己的技巧攀登起重机，
往往放弃基 本的安全，企图以节省时间和能源.
在许多情况下没有安全装置或警报来提醒严重的问题的存在。攀登 人员容易遭受到影响安全
性至关重要的决策所带来的压力。攀登时，使用损坏或泄漏的液压系统，没有任 何的调整，
这并不鲜见。在黑暗中工作和延长工作时间是时有发生的。这种攀登方法，其中的每一次攀< br>登都会成为新的冒险，不应该作为规范被采纳。
攀爬架的设计，在制造商之间存在不同，但设计 的步骤在原则上是相似的。攀登过程中是相
对比较明了的，配合着的体力劳动和技术程序。这是并不复杂 ，它是更多地了解知道正确的
序列需要做什么，然后按照下列步骤，一个又一个，确保每一步在做下一步 前成功完成。这
是十分重要，每个人都清楚的知道事情进展的怎么样，在每一个阶段存在什么样的危险。
这就是为什么业界需要规范的培训，测试和监督，其中包括一个实际的评估能力。技术人员
应该 随着实际经验的提升，直接从制造商哪里获得标准训练。视察员同样也也须有具体的技
术培训。他们应独 立于安装和维修的各方面，这由客观决定。架设的关键人员应该有标准的
训练和测试.
当这些 需要得到满足，起重机作业应进行严格按照有关制造商的指示，工程原则和政府的法
律。但业内人士和国 会议员，要加强他们的宽松标准，以保障公众利益。看到自己的家园变
成了尘埃和碎片的纽约市居民，会 对处理这些问题的方式感到震惊。