初中英语语法宾语从句讲解-专项练习及答案36699

2020年10月24日发(作者：毛伯长)

英语语法宾语从句讲解
小口诀：
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受
限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用
ifwhether,
特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
一． 基本讲解
来源：直接引语变间接引语
概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓介词短语的宾
语。
. He said, “I am good at drawing”.
He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)
1.引导词
(1) that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当, that可省略。
. She said, “I want to go there ”
She said (that) she wanted to go there.
They all know (that) Jim is good at skating.
(2) whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句选择疑问句充
当，陈述语序。
. “Are you interested in geography” she said.
She asked ifwhether I was interested in geography.
I wonder if whether she has told the new to Li Lei .
I’m not sure whether he will come or not.

注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外
a. 介词短语后只用whether 不用if
. We are talking about whether we'll go on the panic.
b. 引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether.
. I can’t say whether or not he will come on time
c. if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用
whether.
. If you want to be a good teacher, it will take times.
Whether you can succeed depends on how much effort you pay.
(3)特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。
特殊疑问词为：how , when, where, why ,which whose.
What 引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。
. ‘What do you want’ He asked.
He asked me what I wanted.
I have no idea where he is now.
I don’t know how to deal with it.
He asked whose handwriting is the best in the class.
对比下列句子，看what 做什么成分：
He asked what was the wrongmatter with me. （what 做主语）
He doesn’t know what to do now. (做宾语)
He asked me who he was. (who 做表语)

2.宾语从句时态
a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制
. Do you know ifwhether he has seen the film
I’m sorry to hear that your father is ill.
She says she is going to go to Beijing next week.
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.

b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态
She didn’t know why the boy was late again. (过去一般)
I didn't know ifwhether he had seen the film.（过去完成）
I wondered when she was going to America.（过去将来）

注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，
科学原理，格言等，从句仍 然要用一般现在时。例如：
. He said （that the earth moves round the sun. that light travels much
faster than sound.）
The teacher told us（seeing is believing.）


3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他
* when will you leave for Beijing（Could you please tell me）
Could you please tell me when you will leave for Beijing
*Has she seen the movie（He asked.）
He asked if she had seen the movie.
*Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you


二、宾语从句的转化

< p>
1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，
且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。如：
. She agreed that she could help me with my math.
→She agreed to help me with my math.

2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面
有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。
如：
. She forgot what she should take.
→ she forgot to take it

3. 当主句谓语动词是find，see ，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句
常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或 V-ing形式。
如：
. She found that the wallet laywas lying on the ground.
→She found the wallet lielying on the ground.

三．否定转移
. I don’t think he is cool. 我认为他并不酷
常用词：believe，suppose等

四．注意问题和易错点
1.由粗心大意导致语序的错乱，长从句也只有主谓宾语序，不要受引
导词的影响
（可暂时忽略引导词，直接看从句）

2. Whetherif 用法傻傻分不清（whether 是否，if是否如果）

3.从句中介词短语的介词弄丢
. I don’t know who she is looking at.(容易丢了at )

4.宾从和定从同时出现完全不知所措（宾从是作宾语，谁做了什么，
说了什么，谁 想知道什么等，定从修饰名词，引导词只有
whothatwhowhosewhichaswhenw herewhy ，what 不能用语定
从，只用于宾从）

5. 混淆视觉的句子，错当是疑问句
. Jim didn’t know what was wrong with his computer.

宾语从句专项习题


巩固练习
you decided ________for Australia
A. when will you leave B. when do you leave
C. you will leave when D. when you will leave

you tell me _________
A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived
C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives

old man asked me ________ .
A. where was the cinema B. where is the cinema
C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the
cinema

think _______ you will like him.
A. that B. if C. why D. how

didn’t know _______ he will come or not.
A. that B. whether C. weather D. how

wonder _________ .
A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes
cost
C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes
cost

asked me _________.
A. who he was B. who was he
C. who is he D. who he is

him ___ .
A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this
C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup


don’t know _________ .
A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the
movie
C. the time to start the movie D. the movie what time
starts

doctor asked me how long ________ .
A. was I ill B. have I been ill
C. I have been ill D. I had been ill

weather forecast doesn’t say _________.

A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow
C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tomorrow



you know _________
A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this is
C. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to

you tell me where _________
A. the tape was B. was the tape
C. the tape is D. is the tape

want to know _________
A. where is the hospital B. how old are you
C. when the train will leave D. why is the boy crying

wanted to know _________.
A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking
B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking
C. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking
D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking

one knows ___ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to
give us a talk or not.
A. when B. whether C. where D. if

didn’t know_________.
A. where is Tim’s father B. when was the first watch made
C. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch

one told us _________, so we need your help.
A. how should we do B. what we should do
C. what to do D. what should we do

don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and
sea.
A. how do it B. how to do
C. what do it D. what to do

asked me _________.
A. whether I find out the sender of the money
B. whether did I find out the sender of the money
C. whether the sender of the money found out
D. whether I found out the sender of the money

能力提高练习
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes,
I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether
C. if; That D. if; If

2. I don't know ________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come

3. Could you tell me ____the nearest hospital is
A. what B. how
C. whether D. where

4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend
C. how he mended D. what he mended

5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after

6. Do you know where _________ now
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live

7. Do you know what time _________
A. the train leave B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave D. the train leaves

8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are

9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings

10. I can't understand _____.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means

11. I don’t know _____ he will be back home.
A. who B. what C. when D. where

12. Could you tell me ___________
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in

13. Do you still remember _______
A. that he said B. what he said
C. did he say that D. what did he say

14. I can’t understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why she had left D. why had she left

15. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen

16. They tried to find out ______ the new train ________.
A. how far had gone B. how long has gone
C. how far went D. how far had run

17. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what’s the matter

18. Can you tell me ___________
A. what are you doing B. where do you study
C. what you were doing D. what to do it

19. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen

one tells us______，so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it

直击中考
1. Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can
tell___ _______. .
A. when UFOs will appear next time
B. why do horses know the way
C. where was this kind of plant found
D. how do elephants communicate

2. ---What time will Mr. Brown be back to China
----Sorry. I don’t know _______. .
A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroad
C. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroad

3. ---May I come in I’m sorry I am late.
---Come in, please. But could you please tell me _______.
A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then
C. who you talked with D. how do you come to school

4. ---Could you please tell me _______.
---Bus will take you right there.
A. where is Henan Museum
B. what Henan Museum is like
C. how can I get to Henan Museum
D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum

5. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows _
______. .
A. where they have been B. where are they
C. where are they from D. where they have gone

6. ---Do you know ______the Capital Museum
---Next Friday.
A. when will they visit B. when they will visit
C. when did they visit D. when they visited

7. He wanted to know _______the English party.
A. when will we have B. when we will have
C. when would we have D. when we would have

8. I want to know _______. .
A. when we should arrive at the airport
B. when should we arrive at the airport
C. when the airport we should arrive at
D. when the airport should we arrive at

9. ---David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me
_______.
---He is a doctor.
A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is
11. ---I wonder _______ without water
---About a week.
A. how long man can live B. how long can man live
C. when man can live D. when can man live

宾语从句巩固练习参考答案

1.参考答案D 你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗宾语从句用陈述语
序。
2. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，where作从句的宾语。
3. 参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，where表示地点。
4. 参考答案A if表示选择，我想你是否将喜欢他。
5. 参考答案B 有or not， 所以用whether.
6. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序.
7. 参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序,who 作从句的宾语。
8. 参考答案A whose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做
从句的宾语。
9. 参考答案A 宾语从句用陈述语序。
10. 参考答案D 主句是过去时，从句也要用过去相应的时态，医生
问我之前我已经病了，所以用过去完成时态。
11. 参考答案C if连接宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序。
12. 参考答案B whose是所有格，所以后面要有一个名词，整体做从
句的宾语。
13. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序。
14. 参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序，时态不受限制。
15. 参考答案C 主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去相应的时态，因
为圣诞老人是之前就把礼物放进袜子里 了，所以用过去完成时态。
16. 参考答案B 有or not就用whether.
17. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序, 主句用一般过去时，从句要
用过去相应的时态。
18. 参考答案B 没有人告诉我们应该做 什么，所以我们需要你的帮
助。宾语从句用陈述语序，如果选B就是没有人做什么，us后面是
宾语从句，而us是宾格不能作从句的主语，所以 C选项缺少宾语从
句的主语，应选B.
19. 参考答案D我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。
What做to do 的宾语。
20. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序，他问我是否我能找出寄钱的
人，主句用过去时态，从句用过去相应的时态。

能力提高练习参考答案
1. 参考答案D. 前一个if引导宾语从句，表示选择“是否”，后一个if
引导的是条件状语从句表示将来的动作，所以 用主将从现。
2. 参考答案D. 我不知道后天他是否回来，宾语从句用陈述语序。
3. 参考答案D. where表示地点，最近的医院在哪里。
4. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序，已经说了是修理录音机，所以
不用what, 而用how.

5. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，whom作照顾的宾语。
6. 参考答案A 主句用现在时态，从句不受限制，住在哪里用一般现
在时，宾语从句用陈述语序。
7. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，从句是客观事实，用一般现在
时。
8. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序。
9. 参考答案B宾语从句用陈述语序，what在从句中做主语。
10. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序，what在从句中做宾语。
11. 参考答案C. 因为后面的从句是说他将回家，所以前面应该是我
不知道他什么时间回家。
12. 参考答案B. B是陈述语序，D可以用where you live或which you
live in.
13. 参考答案B. 宾语从句用陈述语序，what在宾语从句中做said
的宾语。
14. 参考答案A. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用现在的时态，从句根
据事实用相应的时态。
15. 参考答案C. 客观真理用一般现在时态。
16. 参考答案D. 距离多远一般用how far，go是个瞬间动词，所以
应该用可以表示持续动作的动词。
17. 参考答案A. 主句是过去时态，从句要用过去的相应时态，所以
C、D排除。What作宾语从句的主语。
18. 参考答案D. what作动词不定式的真正宾语。
19. 参考答案C. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句是一般过去时态，从句
也用过去时态。
20. 参考答案C. 因 为不知怎样做，所以需要你的帮助，如果是不知
道做什么，会有人告诉你做什么的。如果对主语提问，则 特殊疑问句
的语序不变。
21. 参考答案C. 如果对主语提问，则特殊疑问句的语序不变。
22. 参考答案C. 后面有or not时，前面只能用whether.
23. 参考答案C. 后面有or not时，前面只能用whether.
24. 参考答案C. 在哪里买的电视，肯定是买回来了，所以应该用一
般过去时，主句用现在时，从句可用任何时态。
25. 参考答案D. 又一个五年之后，应用another.它将会变成什么样
子，所以应用what.
26. 参考答案B. 宾语从句用陈述语序，has gone to表示已经去了，
现在还在那里，has been to表示曾经去过，现在不在那里。
27. 参考答案C. 宾语从句用陈述语序，后面if引导条件状语从句，
用主将从现时态。
28. 参考答案A. tomorrow时间状语表明宾语从句用一般将来时，后
一个句子是if引导的条件状语从句，所以用 主将从现。
29. 参考答案D. when引导时间状语从句，表示将来的动作，用主从
现。
30. 参考答案A. 宾语从句用陈述语序，主句用现在的时态，从句根
据事实选择时态。
31. 参考答案D 主句用一般过去时，所以从句的时态必须是过去的
相应时态，宾语从句用陈述语序。

32. 参考答案B 宾语从句用陈述语序，后面的时态是一般现在时，
所以从句的时态也可以是一般现在时态。
33. 参考答案A how many people在从句中作主语，宾语从句用陈
述语序。
34. 参考答案D 我想知道他的名字是什么。His name作主语，what
在从句中作宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序。
35. 参考答案D 他问我，我怎么了。What在从句中作主语，with me
作伴随状语，宾语从句用陈述语序。
36. 参考答案B 你还记得在会上的时候，吉姆说什么了吗what作从
句的宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序。
37. 参考答案D 用where就不用the way了，所以排除A、C。which
作从句的主语，宾语从句用陈述语序。
38. 参考答案C 用多久时间一般都用how long提问，it在从句中作
形式主语，真正的主语是to get there. 宾语从句用陈述语序.
39. 参考答案C 你知道他教什么科目吗宾语从句用陈述语序。
40. 参考答案A 主句是一般过去时，所以从句只能是过去的相应时
态，宾语从句用陈述语序。
41. 参考答案C 你知道那里发生什么了吗不可能一只发生也不可能
是被发生，所以只能是正在发生，宾语从 句用陈述语序。
42. 参考答案A 由后面的答语可知，问的是时间，所以用when.
43. 参考答案A 宾语从句用陈述语序。后面有时间状语tomorrow，
所以从句用一般将来时。
44. 参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序，他住在哪里是表示状态的，所
以用一般现在时态，又因live是不及 物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，
必须加个介词才可以，in the room, 所以后用介词in.
45. 参考答案D 由 meters得知，是问他有多高，所以用how tall.
46. 参考答案C 主句用一般过去时态，从句要用过去相应的时态，
因为在说话的时候，已 经写了信，动作发生在过去的过去，所以应该
用过去完成时态。
47. 参考答案C 宾语从句中缺少waiting for 的宾语，所以应该用宾
格whom..
48. 参考答案D 我不知道他是否还住这里。因为不确定，所以应该
用whether.
49. 参考答案A what在宾语从句中做said的宾语。
50. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序， 如果选C的意思就是我非常
想知道他一直被忙，不应用被动语态，D选项是合理的。
51. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序。
52. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序。
53. 参考答案C 同上。
54. 参考答案C 她想知道她妈妈是否喜欢这个礼物。Which表示哪< br>个她妈妈，that只起连接作用，她想知道她妈妈喜欢这个礼物，想知
道就应该是不确定，wh at已有the present，所以不对，if是否。
55. 参考答案C 宾语从句用陈述语序，D选项太中式话了，可用where
或how 来提问。
56. 参考答案C 因为有next week, 所以应用一般将来时，宾语从句
用陈述语序，后面有if条件状语从句表将来，所以用主将从现。

57. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序。
58. 参考答案B 主句用一般过去时态，从句要用过去的相应时态，
宾语从句中用陈述语序。
59. 参考答案A 宾语从句用陈述语序，主从句需要连接词连接两个
句子，不能选C。
60. 参考答案B 莉莉喜欢她的双胞胎姐姐喜欢的。因为主句中已有
表示一般现在时态的likes, 后面 就不能重复，并且她的双胞胎姐姐作
主语也是第三人称单数，所以用does.宾语从句中用陈述语序。
61. 参考答案B 宾语从句用陈述语序。
62. 参考答案D 宾语从句用陈述语序。
63. 参考答案A. 后面的答语得知，他将帮助我们的英语，所以应该
是问他为什么来，应用why.
点击中考参考答案
1.参考答案A. 我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣，但他们谁也讲不出
下 次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
2. 参考答案 D. 布朗先生什么时候回中国抱歉。我不知道他会在国
外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
3. 参考答案A. 我可以进来吗很抱歉我迟到了。请进，但请你告诉我
为什么又迟到了吗宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
4. 参考答案 D. 你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆（我坐几路车能到河
南博物馆）吗宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
5. 参考答案D. 彼得说怀特一家正在度假，但没有人知道他们去了哪
里。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。They have been to他们去过某个地方，
现在已经回来了；they have gone to他们去了某个地方，现在还没有
回来。
6. 参考答案B. 你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗下周五。宾语
从句应该用陈述语序。
7. 参考答案D. 你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。当主句是一
般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应 的过去时态，宾语从句应该用陈
述语序。
8. 参考答案A. 我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。宾语从句应该
用陈述语序。
9. 参考答案D. Da vid,看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干
什么的吗他是医生。询问职业用what；宾语从 句应该用陈述语序。
10. 参考答案C. 你能告诉我蒂姆在哪里吗班主任在找他。对不起，
我不知道。但是他刚才在这里。动词tell后接的宾从应用陈述语序，
just now提示应该用was.
11. 参考答案B. 金太太留口信了吗是的，她想知道这个周日你是否
跟她一起去购物。
12. 参考答案A. 我是一个青少年的妈妈。有时我不知道我的儿子最
需要什么。爱和理解。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。Lo ve and
understanding.故用what.
13. 参考答案A. 我想知道，没有水人能活多久。大约一周。About a
week知询问应用how long，宾语从句应该用陈述语序。