英语总复习专项练习导学案(复合句)

英语总复习专项练习教学案
复合句
编写人：孟娟

【学习目标】
1. 掌握初中阶段学过的从句
2. 掌握从句的做题技巧

【学生自学】
1． 初中阶段学过的从句共有______ 种？他们是
________________ __________________ _______________
2. 总结宾语从句的用法，完成【预习展示】1
3. 总结状语从句的用法，完成【预习展示】2
4. 总结定语从句的用法，完成【预习展示】3
【预习展示】1
1．宾语从句的概念：在复合句中起 的作用。
2．句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
3．宾语从句三要点： ________________________________________________。
（1）语序： ________语序，就是be动词、助动词、情态动词在_________之后。
（2）引导词：陈述句充当宾语从句引导词用_____ __
一般疑问句充当宾语从句引导词用___ ____
特殊疑问句充当宾语从句引导词用___ ____
（3）时态：主句____________ __,从句________________
主句________________,从句_______________
4. 否定前移 ：当主句主语为第 人称而谓语动词为 等时，宾语
从句中的否定词not前移到 主句中，否定主句的动词，构成否定前移 。
5. 反意疑问：一般复合句的反意疑问句都是反意主句，但当主句主语为第 人称而谓
语动词为 等时，要反意从句。
6、宾语从句与简单句的转换。 “疑问词+动词不定式”
条件：______________ ___________.
【预习展示】2
1．状语从句的概念：在复合句中起 的作用，修饰主句中的 。
2．状语从句的分类
状语从句的分类
时间状语从句
从句的引导词 例句
When ， ， ， 1)I was doing my homework
， ， ， my mother came in.
， ， 等 2)He did not go to bed
his father came back.
if ， ，
，
because, ， ，
，
weather stops me, I go for
a walk every day.
everyone is here, let’s
begin our meeting.
He gets up every morning so that
he can catch the bus.
条件状语从句
原因状语从句
目的状语从句

结果状语从句
让步状语从句
， ，
，
， ，
， ，
，
， ，
，
，
It’s hot nobody
wants to go out.
you go, I will go with you.
you come, I will wait for
you.
He is as tall as Tom.
Sit you like.
He spokes as if he had been there
before
比较状语从句
地点状语从句
方式状语从句

【预习展示】3
1．关于定语从句的概念
(1)定语从句就是在复合句里充当 的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的 或
后面。
(2) 就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
(3)引导定语从句的词叫 。
2．引导定语从句的关系词：
关系代词有 ， ， ， ，
关系副词有 ， ，
3．关系代词的基本用法

指人
指物
作主语


作宾语


作定语


关系代词在定语从句中作 时可省略，作 则不可省略。
4. 关系副词的基本用法
关系副词在定语从句中作 ，分别表示 ， ，和 。
5．只能用that引导的定语从句
1）先行词被 ， 修饰时。
2）先行词是all, any, everything, anything, none, the one等 或被它们修饰时
3）当主句是 ，为避免重复，只用that
4）先行词既 又 时。
5）先行词被 ， ， ， ，修饰时。

【教师精讲】
?1. 宾语从句
（1）宾语从句的概念：在复合句中作宾语的从句
（2）句子结构： 主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句
（3）宾语从句三要点： 语序 引导词 时态
1）语序：陈述语序。
什么是陈述句语序呢？就是be动词、助动词、情态动词在_________之后。
改错
★His brother asks when will he go to the library. _______ __

★I don’t know what does he want to buy .
★Can you tell me who are we going to meet ?
2）引导词
A．宾语从句是陈述句（包括肯定句和否定句），用that引导，that在从 句中不作成分，也
无具体意思，可省略。
★He will be back in an hour. （I think）（合为一句）
____ __ ___
★ I should visit the headmaster. （I feel）（合为一句）
____ _ ____
注意
在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略
that的从句也可算是宾语从句 。翻译
★对不起我不知道。
★我们确信我们队将赢。
★恐怕他将不会通过考试。
B当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词if whether引导。
★Were you at home at nine yesterday? (The policeman wanted to know…) （合为一句）

★Can we find out some information about that city . (Let’s see...) （合为一句）

注意:
在宾语从句中一般情况下if 和whether可相互替换，以下情况只能用whether,不能用if.
a.在介词后面只能用whether，不能用if
b.动词不定式之前只用whether，不能用if
c.后面紧跟or not时只用whether，不能用if
d.用在句子开头时只用whether，不能用if
★We are worried about___________________________.明天是否下雨
★They asked me ___________________________.是否去溜冰。
★He asked _____________________我是否完成了作业。
★他是否会来，我们都不知道。_____________________，we all don’t know.
C．当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词引导。
3）时态
A．主句是一般现在时，从句的时态根据需要而定。
★I know (that) he ______ (join) the League in 1985.
★I see that they __________ (play) football over there.
★Tell me where he ______ (live).
★I want to know how long you _________(have) this bike.
★I hear that he _________(come) tomorrow.
B．主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某一时态
★I knew who_______ （live） here.
★I saw she __________（talk) with her mother.
★He asked whether his father __________（come） back tomorrow.
★He said that he ______ （see） it .
C．当从句是客观事实普遍真理时用一般现在时。

★The teacher said that the sun_______（travel）around the earth .
★It was true that there ____(be) twelve months in a year.
注意：
a. could would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。
★Could you please tell me where we______(show) our tickets ?
★Would you like to know when he _________( come) back ?
b. 连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：
★Do you know if ______back next week ? If he ______ back , please let me know .
A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes
C. he will come , comes D. he will come , will come
★I don’t know when he _________ (come) . I can’t wait here any more . When he_______
(come) , would you please ask him to call me ?
c. 否定前移
当主句主语为第一人称而谓语动词为think，suppose， expect，believe 等时，宾语从句中
的否定词not前移到 主句中，否定主句的动词，构成否定前移 。
★ People will not live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. I believe （合为一句）

d反意疑问句
一般复合句的反意疑问句都是反意主句，但当主句主语为第一人称而谓语动词为think，
suppo se， expect，believe 等时，要反意从句。
★ doesn't believe his son can design a digital camera,_______?
★I believe he can do it by himself,_______?
D.宾语从句与简单句的相互转化。由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 ，当主句主语和从句主语一
致时，宾语从句可转化为“疑问词+动词不定式” 结构。
例如：I don’t know what I shall do next .——I don’t know what to do next.
★She didn’t decide which one she would choose . ——She didn’t decide_____ ____
★Please tell me whom you’ll give the letter to . ——Please tell me______ ___

?2. 状语从句
（1）状语从句的概念：在复合句中起副词的作用，用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词
的从句。
（2）状语从句的分类
1）时间状语从句
A. 时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。
用连词填空
★It was raining hard _______ got to school yesterday.
★_______he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.
★_______he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.
★I have worked in this school_______I graduated from Beijing University.
★Don’t get off _______the bus stops.
★I’ll ring you up ____ ___ I get to New York.
B.在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
★I will tell him everything when he _______（come）back.
★He won’t believe it until he_______（see）it with his own eyes.
C.在带有till或 until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一

直到 ……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……
才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：
●Let’s wait until the rain stops.
●We will not start until Bob comes.

2） 条件状语从句
A.条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。
连词填空
★What shall we do _______ it snows tomorrow?
★Don’t leave the building _______ I tell you to.
B.在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：
★I’ll help you with your English if I _______(be)free tomorrow.
★He won’t be late unless he_______(be)ill.
C.“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
★Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= _____ __
★Study hard and you will pass the exam.= ___ ___.


3）原因状语从句
A.原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。例如：
●He didn’t come to school because he was ill.
●As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.
●Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
e表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的 原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由
why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语 气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as
和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：
★------Why aren’t going there?------_______I don’t want to.
★_______he has no car, he can’t get there easily.
e和so不能同用在一个句子里。

4）目的状语从句
1】目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that等引导。谓语中常含有may, might, can, could, will,
would等情态动词。例如
●He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.
2】当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可用so as to, in order to.
★He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.
= He worked day and night _____ __
3】so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两 个：
1〕目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。例如
Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)
2〕从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如
Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)

5）结果状语从句
1】结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。例如
●He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.
●She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.

●My pencil fell under the desk, so that I couldn’t see it.
2】so…that 与such...that区别。
1〕在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。
结构是: so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句
so + 形容词 + aan +名词单数 + that+ 从句
2〕在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，
结构是：such +aan +（形容词）+名词单数 + that+ 从句
such + aan (+形容词) + 名词复数 + that+ 从句
3〕如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。
★He was_______glad_______he couldn’t say a word.
★He had _______long arms _______he could almost touch the ceiling.
★The hall is _______big_ ______it can hold 2,000 people.
★He has _______little time _______he can’t go to the cinema with you.
★It was _______a hot day _______nobody wanted to do anything
★Mother lives _______far away _______we hardly ever see her.
★He made _______rapid progress _______he did very well in the mid-term.
★Soon there were _______many deer _______they ate up all the wild roses.
4〕有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。
★It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.
=
★The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.
=
5〕so…that 句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to…或not…enough to代替
★ He is so young that he can’t go to school.
=
=


6）让步状语从句
1】让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：
●Though he is young, he knows a lot.
●Although I am tired, I must go on working.
2】although (but)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：
我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.
应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.
或者说：It was raining hard, but he still went out.

7）比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as…as, not asso…as 比较级 + than…等连词引导。例如：
●Tom runs faster than John does.
●This classroom is as big as that one.

8）地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where, wherever来引导。例如：
●Go wherever you like.
●Where there is a will, there is a way.

9）方式状语从句
方式状语从句由连词或连词词组as if though引导。as if though引导的方式状语一般要求用
虚拟语气。从句用过去时表示现在，用过去完成时表过去 。例如：

●He spokes as if he had been there before .
●The animal was walking as though it had hurt its leg .

?3. 定语从句
1）关于定语从句的概念
1】定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。
2】先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
3】关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
在下列复合句中标出定语从句，先行词，关系词
★ The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

★ Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

★ A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.

2） 引导定语从句的关系词：
关系代词有who (whose, whom), which, that;
关系副词有when, where, why。

3）关系代词和关系副词的三大作用
1】连接（连接定语从句和主语）
2】替代（替代前面的先行词）
3】成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）

4）关系代词有who (whose, whom), which, that的作用
★请勾选下列关系代词的作用

that
which
who
whom
whose
指人 指物 subject (主语)















object (宾语) attribute（定语）










注意：
1】关系代词前有介词，先行词指人时，关系代词只能用 ;先行词指物时，关
系代词只能用
2】whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作 其后应紧跟
3】whose 引导定语从句，其先行词可指人，也可指物。若指物，它还可以与of which互换
●Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
=Please pass me the book of which the cover is green.
用that, who, which, whom或whose填空，并指出它们在句中作何成分。
★Alice likes singers _______ write their own music. （作 ）
★Generally ，old people like music _______ is quiet and gentle. （作 ）
★The girl _______ you met just now in the street is my friend. （作 ）

★The woman ____ ___ coat is red is waiting for you at the gate. （作 ）
★This is the school in _______ I studied two years ago. （作 ）
★The man with _______ my father is talking over there is our head teacher. （作 ）

5）关系副词when, where, why的基本用法
关系副词在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。如：
★ This is the place we spent our holidays last year.
★ I'll never forget the day I graduated from college.
★ I don't know the reason he didn't attend the meeting yesterday.
6）只能用that引导的定语从句
1】先行词被最高级、序数词修饰时。
●This is the best that can be done now.
2】先行词是all, any, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时
●I have nothing that is worth reading.
3】当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只用that
●Who is the man that is talking to Mr. White?
4】先行词既包括人又包括物时。
●The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.
5】先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
●This is the very pen that I am looking for.

【演练展示】
·直击中考·
( )1.—Could you tell me________？—Yes, you can go there by bus. （2012铜仁）
A．how can I get to the Miao King City B．where is the Miao King City
C．how I can get to the Miao King City D．where the Miao King City is
( ) will be a flower show in the park ________we visited last week.（2012广东）
A．who B．when C．what D．which
( )3. --- Mr. Gao went to Shanghai for the air exhibition last week.
--- Is that ___________ he had two days off? （2008无锡）
A. what B. when C. why D. where
( )4. I don't like bread. I won't eat it ______ I am very hungry. （2008徐州）
A. if B. when C. as D. unless
( )5.—Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes. But if it _______, we’ll play chess instead. （2011泰安）
A. will rain B. rained C. is raining D. rains
( )6.—Jack, could you tell me _______?
—Sure. In the post office on Green Road. （2011温州)
A. where you bought the stamps B. where did you buy the stamps
C. when you bought the stamps D. when did you buy the stamps
( )7.—Do you know the man _______ is reading the book over there?
—Yes, he’s Mr. Green, our PE teacher. （2011襄阳）
A. which B. what C. whom D. who

( ) 8. I hate travelling by air _______ you usually have to wait for hours before the plane takes
off. （2013上海）
A. because B. though C. until D. unless
( )9.—Is there anyone here _______ name is Betty? （2011呼和浩特）
—Sorry, I don’t know.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
( ) blind is something _______most people can’t imagine（2013杭州）
A. who B. what C. that D. whom
( )11.—Mr. Li, I found a watch on the playground. （2011山西）
—You should try to find out _______.
A. whose is the watch B. who is the owner of the watch
C. whom does the watch belong to
( ) first thing _______ my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter.
（2011 广东）
A. which B. that C. why D.
who
( )13.—That actor often joins in different activities in Beijing. Do you know _______?
—For 5 years. （2012达州）
A. how soon he will come back B. how long he has stayed there
C. how long has he stayed there D. how often does he go there
( )14.—I don’t know when _______ tomorrow?
—I will call you as soon as he _______. (2012恩施)
A. will he come; arrives B. he will come; arrives C. he will come; will arrive
( )15.—Do you enjoy My heart will go on?
—No, I prefer songs _______ loud. (2012达州)
A. that is B. which is C. that are D. what are

【当堂检测】
( )1. Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken.
A. they had had B. have they had C. they have had D. had they had
( )2. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
( )3. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
( )4. ___________ they may not succeed, they will try their best.
A. Though B. When C. Because D. Unless
( ) will not arrive at the airport on time _______ she hurries up.
A. once B. if C. when D. unless
( ) story is hard to understand ________ there are no words in it.
A. but B. so C. though D. because
( ) can’t have this football back___________ you promise not to kick it at my cat
again.” the old man said angrily.
A. because B. since C when D. until
( )8.---_______ the soldiers are very tired, _________ they keep on working.

---They are great. We must learn from them.
A. Because; B. Though; C. Because; so D. Though; but
( )9. —Do we have to hold our English party in the classroom?
—Well, I don’t know ___________ if not here.
A. when can we do it B. when we can do it
C. where can we do it D. where we can do it
( )10. ---Have you found the information about Columbus?
---Not yet, but I've found a website _______ gives a detailed introduction to Columbus.
It'll be very____________.
A. who; helpful B. who; peaceful
C. that; helpful D. that; peaceful
( ) sick people is _____ important__________ doctors must be careful.
A. too, to B. so, that C. enough, to D. such, that
( ) old dictionary ______ my uncle bought for me is still of great value.
A. that B. when C. whose D. where
( )13. —Perhaps I'm going to the market.—Would you get me some juice ____you're there?
A. since B. as C. if D. after
( )14. —Have you decided ________the children in the poor area?
—By sending them books and schoolbags.
A. how you will help B. what you will give
C when will you call D. how much will you send
( )! There is so much nice food. I really can’t decide ___________ first.
A. where to eat B. how to eat C. when to eat D. what to eat

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