工程物资属于什么科目-底气什么意思
名词性从句讲解
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语
从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从
句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及
到,并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名
词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面
1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别
3.
考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别
5.
考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别
6. 考查名词
性从句的虚拟语气问题
语法要点剖析
一、名词性从句
主
语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,
whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what,
whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
1. 主语从句
作句子主语的从
句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,whi
ch,whatever,
whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引
导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词
在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连
接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us
is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
It is known to
us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not
yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
有时为
避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从
句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It + be + 名词 +
that从句 (2)It + be + 形容词 + that从句
(3)It + be
+ 动词的过去分词 + that从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
另注
意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)
+do”,
常用的句型有:
It is necessary (important,
natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is a pity
(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is
suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.)
that…
2. 宾语从句
名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引
导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中
可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。
1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中
不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列
句时,第二个分句前的that不
可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to
Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
We must
never think (that) we are good in everything while
others are good in nothing.
我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。
注意:
在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,
desire, demand, request,
command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等
意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+
动词原形”。例如:
I insist that she (should) do her
work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered
that troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what,
when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever,
whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句
相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
例如: I want to know what he has told you.
我想知道他告诉了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can
work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
1
She
will give whoever needs help a warm support.
凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。
3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和
谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if
在作
“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:
a.
引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or
not”时;e. 后接动
词不定式时。
例如: Whether there is
life on the moon is an interesting question.
月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。
Everything depends on
whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。
4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用
不同时态。
例如: he studies English every day.
(从句用一般现在时)
he studied English last term.
(从句用一般过去时)
I know (that) he will study English
next year. (从句用一般将来时)
he has studied English
since 1998. (从句用现在完成时)
当主句动词是过去时态(could, would
除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将
来时等;当从句表示的是客观
真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
例如:The teacher told us
that Tom had left us for America.
5. think,
believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动
词变为否定式。即将从句
中的否定形式移到主句中。
例如: We don’t think
you are here. 我们认为你不在这。
I don’t believe he
will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
3. 表语从句
在句中作表语的从句叫表
语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系
动词后,有时用a
s if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如:
The fact
is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
那就是他为什么不到会的原因。
It looks as if it is going to
rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed
the train by one minute this morning
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有
advice、
demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information
、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、reque
st、suggestion、
truth、wish、word等。例如:
The
news that we won the game is exciting.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。
I have no idea when he will
come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The thought came
to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
他想到可能玛丽生病了。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略;
that引导同位语从句时,
起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。
试比较下面两个例句:
I had no idea that you were
here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略)
Have you got the
idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient
Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
名词性从句专项练习100题
1. His success was because
of ________ he had been working hard.
A. that
B. the fact which
C. the fact that
D. the fact
2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I
don't know _______.”
A. from what city does
she come from
B. from what city she
come
2
C. what city does she come
from D. what city she comes from
3.
________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A.
What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever
4. The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was
________ a new job.
A. because I got B.
because of getting C. I got D. that I got
5. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was
turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if
D. for
6. Henry killed the dog. I'll ask him
why ________.
A. did he do that B. he did
that C. he did D. he has done so
7.
Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know
________.
A. how he is getting along B.
how is he getting along
C. what he is getting
along D. what is he getting along
8. It
is generally considered unwise to give a child
____ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever
C. whichever D. whenever
9. He asked me
________ with me.
A. what is the trouble
B. what wrong was
C. what was the matter
D. what trouble it is
10. I am sure ________
he said is true.
A. that B. about that
C. of that D. that what
11. When and why he
came here ________ yet.
A. is not known B.
are not known C. has not known D. have not
bee
12. I wonder how much ________.
A.
does the watch cost B. did the watch cost
C. the watch costed D. the watch
costs
13. Mary is ________ someone might
recognize her.
A. afraid of B. afraid about
C. afraid that D. afraid for
14.________ is
no reason for dismissing her.
A. Because she
was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes
late
C. The fact that she was a few minutes
late D. Being a few minutes late
15. They
came to the conclusion ________ by a computer.
A. that not all things can be done B.
because of not all things be done
C. being not
all things can be done D. because not all
things can be done
16. Why the explosion
occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had
been careless.
A. for B. because C.
since D. that
17. I don't doubt ________
he'll come.
A. that B. if C. what
D. whether
18. —“Why did you go to the wrong
class, Mr. Wang”
—“Well, I forget _______ I
was supposed to go to.”
A. which the room B.
which room C. what was the room D. what room was
it
19. Output is now six times ________ it was
before liberation.
A. that B. which C.
what D. of which
20. Mary: Helen is a mere
washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.
Carol: Yes. Because she's always saved
________.
A. what little she earns B. how
little she earns
3
C. for little
she earns D. with little she earns
21.
______ surprised me most was ______ such a little
boy of seven could play the violin so well.
A.
That…what B. What…that C. That…which D.
What…which
22. We gave him ________ help we
could.
A. which B. what C. that D.
this
23. She is pleased with what you have
given him and ________ you have told him.
A.
that B. which C. all what D. all that
24. Excuse me would you please tell me
________
A. when the sports meet is taken
place B. when is the sports meet going to be
held
C. when is the sports meet to begin D.
when the sports meet is to take place
25. Do
you happen to know ________
A. what size
shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wears
C. what is the size of his shoes D. what
number shoes are his
26. This book will show
you ________ can be used in other contexts.
A.
how you have observed B. how what you have
observed
C. that you have observed D. how
that you have observed
27. Where do you think
________
A. has he gone B. has he been C.
he's gone D. was he
28. Do you know
________
A. how many populations there are in
the world
B. how much population there is in
the world
C. how many the population of the
world is
D. what the population of the world
is
29. Would you go and see ________ outside
A. what to take place B. what Tom has
happened
C. what is happening D. what the
matter had been
30. The subject of
A. what
B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I
31. ________ I think he is Charles.
A. Who
do you think he is B. Do you think who he is
C. Whom do you think he is D. Do you think
who he is
32. He didn't know which room
________.
A. they lived B. they lived in
C. did they live D. did they live in
33. The
little boy ate ________ his mother gave him.
A. that B. which C. whatever D. no
matter what
34. The city is no longer
________.
A. what it is B. that it used to
be C. which it was D. what it used to be
35. My parents used ________ they had to get a
new car for me.
A. which B. that C. what
D. all what
36. ________ we go swimming every
day ________ us a lot of good.
A. If…do B.
That…do C. If…does D. That…does
37.
________ was the idea _______ the wife thought of
A. What…that B. That…what C. How…why D.
Why…how
38. _______ did he tell his wife
________ he wished to do
4
A.
That…what B. What…that C. Where…which D.
Which…where
39. One of the men held the view
________ the book said was right.
A. what that
B. that what C. that which D. which that
40. I have no idea ________ or not he has
finished the work.
A. if B. that C.
whether D. which
41. —“Do you know
________”
—“His father is a doctor.”
A. what is his father B. who is his
father
C. what his father is D. who his
father is
42. Is this ________ we met each
other two years ago
A. place B. place in
which C. where D. place which
43. It
________ Bob drives badly.
A. thinks that B.
is thought what C. thought that D. is thought
that
44. We all know the truth ________ there
are air, water and sunlight there are living
things.
A. where B. wherever C. that
D. that wherever
45. They discussed ________
they could settle the problem without others'
help.
A. if B. that C. what D.
whether
46. She asked ________.
A. what I
was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing
when she rang me up
C. when she rang me up
what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what
I was doing
47. —May I borrow the ring
—You can take _______ you like.
A. no
matter what B. which C. whichever D. that
48. He said that he was fond of ________.
A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful
C. beautiful is what D. what it is
beautiful
49. He insisted that he ________ in
good health and _______ to work there.
A. was,
be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D.
be, send
50. Do you know ________ he expects
will give us a talk
A. who B. whom C.
that D. whose
51. It's uncertain ________
the experiment is worth doing.
A. if B.
that C. whether D. how
52. They would
have fixed the telephone yesterday _________ it
was a holiday.
A. except B. except for C.
except that D. but for
53. ________ is to do
good all one's life and never do anything bad.
A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is
hard
C. What is hard D. All what is hard
54. ________ the boy didn't take medicine made
his mother angry.
A. That B. What C.
How D. Which
55. As the day was fine, I
made the suggestion ________ for a walk in the
park.
A. we go B. we will go C. should we
go D. that we go
56. ____ we can't get seems
better than ____ we have.
A. What, what B.
What, that C. That, that D. That, what
57. ____ you don't like him is none of my
business.
5
A. What B. Who
C. That D. Whether
58. You can't imagine
____ when they received these nice Christmas
presents.
A. how they were excited B. how
excited they were
C. how excited were they
D. they were how excited
59. ____ we'll go
camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If
B. Whether C. That D. Where
60.
________he really means is ________he disagrees
with us.
A. What … that B. That … what C.
Why … that D. If … what
61. _________is
going to do the job will be decided by the Party
committee.
A. That B. Why C. How D.
Who
62. _______ we'll finish translating the
book depends on the time.
A. When B. Why
C. What D. That
63. _______ the house will
be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.
A. If B. Where C. That D. What
64. _______ he won't go there is clear to all
of us.
A. How B. What C. Why D.
This
65. _______ you come or not is up to you.
A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether
66. _______ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D.
Anybody
67. _______ team will win the match is
a matter of public concern.
A. Which B. That
C. If D. How
days later, word came
________our country had sent up another man-made
satellite.
A. which B. when C. that
D. where
problem is ________will go to the
meeting.
A. why B. when C. what D.
who
looks _______ it were going to rain.
A. even if B. as if C. even though D.
like
is _______ he likes the place so much.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
is ______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. what B.
where C. that D. why
73. We thought
_______ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.
A. that B. it C. this D. what
fact _______ she had not said anything surprised
all of us.
A. which B. what C. that
D. how
I'm considering now _________ the
money we need.
A. is B. are C. were
D. was
you tell me __________
A. who is
that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that
gentleman
77. ________leaves the room last
ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B.
The person C. Whoever D. Who
78. It is
well known _________ a person eats causes changes
in the body.
6
A. that what, when,
and how B. that
C. what D. how
79. The energy is ________ makes the cells
able to do their work.
A. that B. which
C. what D. such
80. Jack was soon told
________ he did was not necessary.
A. why
B. that C. how D. why what
81. We
should think carefully about ________ Mr. Needham
said at the meeting.
A. that B. what C.
which D. X
82. Can you point out ________
two radios are the best
A. which B. what
C. that D. whether
83. You will easily
know ________ video recorders (录相机) are the same.
A. what those B. that of those C. that all
of D. which of those
84. ________ you have
seen things like these before doesn't matter.
A. If B. Whether C. What D. When
85. I asked her in English ________ she was,
and she told me ________ she was an actress.
A. who…that B. who…X C. what…X D.
how…that
86. She took it for granted ________
I'd be back home an hour ago.
A. that B.
whether C. if D. when
87. We think it
possible ________ the local government will be
able to solve the housing problem.
A. for
B. that C. when D. how
88. Now there
is a danger ________ the ground may fall in (沉下)
under the heavy traffic.
A. whether B. if
C. X D. that
89. At that time I had no
idea ________ I could hand it to him without being
seen.
A. if B. how C. which D. that
how
90. Last Sunday he promised ________
today, but he hasn't appeared yet.
A. that he
would come B. that he will come
C. he
will come to see me D. whether he would come
91. Last Sunday he made a promise ________ he
was free he would take me to Qingdao.
A. if
B. that C. that if D. whether
92. Do
you have any idea ________
A. when Miss Smith
will arrive B. when will Miss Smith arrive
C. how will Miss Smith arrive D. why hasn't
Miss Smith arrived
93. I have almost forgotten
________.
A. how Mr. Taylor's like B. what
Mr. Taylor's face is like
C. what Mr. Taylor's
face is D. which Mr. Taylor's face is like
94. The true value of life is not in ________,
but ________.
A. how you get …that you give
B. which you got what you give
C. what you get
…what you give D. what do you get…what do you
give
95. Do you know ________
A. what is
this used for B. what this is used for
C.
which this is used D. that this is used for
96. ________ surprised me most was ________.
A. That…that she spoke Japanese so well B.
What…how could she speak Japanese so well
C.
What…that she spoke Japanese so well D. That…why
she could speak Japanese so well
7
97. ________ is to dance.
A. That
interests Mary really B. Which really interests
Mary.
C. What really interests Mary D. What
really interest Mary
98. We were greatly
amused by ________.
A. what you have told us
B. which you had told us
C. what you told us
D. that you told us
99. These computers are
different from ________.
A. that we expected
B. what we expected
C. which we have expected
D. what we expect
100. ________ Tom liked to
eat was different from ________.
A. That…that
you had expected B. What …that you had expected
C. That…what you had expected D. What…what
you had expected
DABCD
66-70 CACDB 71-75 CBBCA
76-80 CCCCD 81-85
BADBC 86-90 ABDBA 91-95 CABCB 96-100 CCCBD
61-65
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