気读音-留尼汪岛
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,
或不可能实现。英
语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:
?
虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 <
br>注意
:
主句中的
should
通常用于第一人称
,would
可用于任何人称
,
同时也可根据意思用情态动
词
could,might
等代替
should,would
。
1?
与现在事实相反
连接词 条件从句
Should
1) .
动词过去式
(
或
were)
If
2)
.
助动词(过去式)
+
动词原形
Would
+
动词原形
could
might
(1) If had the
time, Joh n would make a trip to Chi na to see the
Great Wall.
(2) If I were you, I would give up
drinking immediately.
2?
与过去事实相反
连接词 条件从句
Should
Would
If
had+
过去分词
could
might
+
have+
过去分词
If I known that it was going to
rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the
country.
3.
与将来事实相反
连接词 条件从句
1. should+
动词原形
If
2.
动词过去式
3. were to+
动词原形
Should
Would
could
might
+
动词原形
If it were toshould rain tomorrow,the meet ing
would be putoff.
If you went there next time,
you would see what I mean.
4.
错综时间虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时
所表示的时间来调整。例如
:
,
动词的形式要根据它
If I
were you, I would have gone home.
If you had
followed the doctor's advice, you would be quite
all right now.(
从句说的是过
去
,
主句
指的是现在。
)
If the weather had been more
favorable ,the crops would be growing still
better.
状语从句
1.
方式状语
as if(as
though)
如果从句表示与现在事实相反
,
谓语动词用一般过去时
;<
br>表示与过去事实相反
,
谓语动词用
过去分词
”;
表
示与将来事实相反
,
谓语动词用
动词原形
”
。例如
:⑴
He looks at me as if I were mad. (2) He
spoke English so fluently as if he had studied
English in
England.
但
as if(as
though)
后的从句也常用陈述语气
,
这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生
的或可能被设想为真实的。例如
:lt looks as if our side is
goi ng to win.
2.
目的状语
in order
that,so that , lest ,for fear that
等
从句谓语动词用
动词原形
。例如
:(1) She
listened carefully in order
that she might
discover exactly what he wan ted. (2) We hid beh
ind some bushes for fear
that passer-by should
see us.
连词引导的条件状语从句
in
case , uni ess ,suppos ing ,provid ing, on con
diti on that
从句谓语动词用
(should)
或
动词原形
”
。
.
虚拟语气用于宾语从句
,advise
等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
要求:
ask dema nd require request beg plead
in sist pray maintain urge
建议:
suggest
advise propose recommend move
命令、决定:
order
comma nd decide determ ine resolve
其它:
consent deserve desire intend
prefer
等后面的宾语从句中
+that
…
(should
+
动词原形
注意:在此结构中
that
不可省略;
should
省不省均可。
He suggested that they (should ) stop smok
ing.
They dema nded that the black people
should be treated as well as white people.
如果
that
引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
He
in sists that he is right.
注意
:insist
作<
br>
力言
、
强调
解时
,
宾语从
句不用虚拟语气。只有当
insist
作
坚持
(
应该
)
解时
宾语从句才用虚拟语气。例如
⑴ Mike in sisted that he had
never stole n any thi ng. (2)1 in
sisted that
you give me my money back.
2.
宾语从句
”
表示不能实现的愿望
,
汉语可译为
可惜……
”
?…就好了
”
、
悔不该?…
但愿……
等。表示现在不能实现
的愿望
,
从句的谓语动词用过去式
;
表示将来不能实现的愿望
用
动词
原形
表示过去不能实现的愿望
,
用
过去分词
或
过去分词
”
。例如
:
wish
的用法
1).
与现在事实相反
:
动词过去式或
were
I
wish we could go to the seaside today.
I wish
I were a pop sin ger. (=I am sorry I am not a pop
sin ger..)
2) .
与过去事实相反
:
主语
+wish(that)+
主语
+
动词过去完成式
We wish we had
arrived there two hours earlier.
I wish I had
n ever stopped teach ing. (=I am sorry I stopped
teach in g.)
3)
.
与将来事实相反
:
助动词过去式
+
动词原形
I
wish they
'
d let us get some sleep.
注
意:
wish
与
hope
接宾语从句的区别在于:
hope
表示一般可以实现的希望,
述语气。
wish
表示很难或不大可能实现的希望
,
宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较:
宾语从句用陈
We hope they
will come,(We don
'
t know artheme.
We
wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.
3.
虚拟语气在
would ratherwould soonerwould
just as soon
后接从句
:
I'd rather you paid
me now.(
从句用过去时指现在
)
I would rather
they came tomorrow.(
从句用过去时指将来
)
I'd
rather she hadn't done that.(
从句用过去完成时指过去
)(
此句中的
would
可看作是表愿望的
实义动词
)
三. 虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中
,
谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用
动词原形
”
的结构
,
表示惊奇、不相信、惋
惜、理应如此等。例女口
ecessary( appropriate crucial
desirable
:It is n
dreadful esse ntial
importa nt improper in credible in dispe
nsable in siste nt n atural preferable possible
probable proper right sig ni fica nt
wrong
surpris ing stra nge tragic urge nt vital
etc.)that we should clea n the room every day.
It was a pity(a shame ,no won der,etc.)that
you should be so careless.
It will be
desired(suggested,decided,ordered, requested,
proposed,etc.)that she should
finish her homework this afternoon.
在上述三种主语从句中
,should
意为
应该
、
竟然
可以省去
,
但不可换用
would
。主句所用 动词的
时态不限。
注意
:
这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇
不表示惊奇
,that
从句也可用陈述语气。例如
:
,
就可用虚拟语气。反之
,
如果
It is strange
that he did not come yesterday.
It is a pity
that you can't swim.
四. 虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
要求:
demand request pray insistence
requirement
建议:
suggestion advice proposal
recommendation motion
命令、决定:
order command
decision determination resolution
其它:
plan
desire idea necessity preference
等名词的表语从句和同位语从句
,
其谓语动词
要用虚拟语气的结构
动词原形
。例如
(1) We all agreed to
his suggestion that
we(should)go to Beijing
for sightseeing. (2) My idea is that he (should)do
exercises first.
五、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
1.
省掉
if
的条件从句倒装结构:
Had you asked me, I
would have told you. (=lf you had asked me,
…)
2.
有时虚拟条件不用条件从
句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来
表示, 女口:
A true friend would not do such
a
thing.(=lf he were a true friend, he...)
(=If
there were no water,
…)
(=lf you hadn
'
t helped me,
…)
3.
虚拟语气用于定语从句
:lt
'
s (high)
time that
动词过去式或
should+
动词原形,
(should
不 能省
略
,b
e
用
were)
来表示
,
意为
现在
)该 ....... 女口:
It
'
s time (that) you
had a hair cut.