什么是方阵-russian是什么意思中文
专题十四 名词性从句
重难点分析
名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点
,也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词,可作主句的主语、宾语、
表语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句(见下表)。
主语从句
宾语从句
作主语,用that, whether, if, what(=the thing
that)等连接词引导。
作宾语,用that(可省略), whether(or not),
if, what(=the thing which)等连接词引
导。
表语从句
同位语从句
用that(一般不省略), whether, what(=the
thing which)等连接词引导。
用that(常用在news, thought,
idea, plan, suggestion,
fact等词后),whether等连接
词引导。
一、主语从句
主语从句是在复
合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放
在句子末尾。如:
Who will go is not important. 谁将去不是重要的。
1.
it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主
语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调
句则是对句子每一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,
都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用
whowhom。如:
It is a
pity that you didn’t go to see the film. (主语从句)
你没去看电影真是遗憾。
It is in the morning that the
murder took place. (强调句)谋杀案发生的时间是在早晨。
2.
用it作形式主语的结构
1
句型
It is+名词+主语从句
例句
It is a fact that…事实是…… It is an honor
that…非常荣幸…… It is
common knowledge that… ……是常识
2
It is+形容词+主语从句 It is natural that………很自然
It is strange that… 奇怪的是……
(此句型
后面常接虚拟语气should+动词原形)
3
It+不及物动词+主语从句 It seems that…似乎…… It happened
that…碰巧…… It appears that…似
乎……
4
It
ishas been+过去分词+It is reported that…据报道…… It has
been proved that…据证实…… It is
主语从句 said
that…据说…… It is believed that 据认为一般人都认为……
2.
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
1
说明 例句
if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首 Whether he will come or not
in unknown. (正)
If he will come or not is
unknown. (误)
2
It is
saidreported…结构中的主语从句不
可提前
It is said that
Jiang will visit our school next week. (正)
Jiang will visit our school next week is said.
(误)
It occurred to him that he failed in the
examination. (正)
That he failed in the
examination occurred to him. (误)
It doesn’t
matter whether he is wrong or not. (正)
Whether
he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (误)
Isn’t
likely that it will rain in the evening? (正)
Is that it will rain in the evening likely?
(误)
3
It happensoccurs…结构中的主语从句不
可提前
4
It doesn’t matter
howwhether…结构中
的主语从句不可提前
5
含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语
从句不可提前
二、宾语从句
宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
说明
由that引导的宾语从句(that
通常可以省略)
what,
whetherif, She did not know what had happened.
她不知道发生了
什么。
例句
I heard (that) he joined
the army. 我听说他参军了。
1
作动词的宾语
由
when,where等引导的宾语从
句
动词+间接宾语+宾语从句
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
她告诉
我她将接受我的邀请。
2
作介词的宾语
Our success
depends onupon how well we can cooperate
with
one another. 我们的成功取决于我们互相合作得有
多好。
3
作形容词的宾语 I am afraid (that) I have made a
mistake. 恐怕我犯了个
错。
4
It可以作为形式宾语
We heard it that she would get married next month.
我们
听说她下个月打算结婚。
否定前移(若主句谓语动词为think, consider,
suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess,
imagine
I don’t think this dress fits you
well. 我认为这件衣服不
适合你穿。
5
等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义
,一般要
把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定
式)。
注意:that引导的从句常跟在某些形容词后作宾语,如:anxious, aware,
certain, confident, convinced,
determined,
gald, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful,
ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased,
satisfied,
content等。也可将此类词后的从句看作是原因状语从句。
三、表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主
语+连系动词+表语从
句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, se
em等。引导表语从句的引导词that一般不省略。另
外,常用的含有表语从句的结构还有“The
reason is that…”,“It is because…”,“That’s
why…”等。如:The reason
he is late for school is
that he missed the early bus. 他上学迟到的原因是他错过了早班车。
四、同位语从句
同位语从句是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
说明
1
同位语的功能
(一般由that引导)
说明名词的具体内容
对于名词进一步解释
例句
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be
set free
surprised all the people.
国王做出释放那个罪犯的决
定让所有人都很吃惊。
The order that all
the soldiers should stay still is given
by the
general. 所有的士兵都应该保持不动,这个命
令是将军下的。
2
同位语从句在句
子中的位置
有时可以不紧跟在它所说
明的名词后面,被别的词隔
开
He got
the news from Mary that the sports meeting
was
put off. 他从玛丽那里得到消息——运动会被推
迟了。
五、whether, if引导名词性从句的区别
1
说明
句首引导主语从句只能用
whether
2
if不能引导表语从句
例句
Whether we will go camping tomorrow
depends on the weather. 我
们明天是否去野营取决于天气。
What the doctor really doubt is whether my
mother will recover from
the serious disease
soon. 医生真正怀疑的是我的母亲是否会很快
从重病中恢复。
3
if不能引导介词后的宾语从句
Everything depends on
whether we can make a plan that they will
agree to. 一切取决于我们能否做出一个他们会同意的计划。
4
宾语从句是否定句只能用if
I asked Peter if he hadn’t
decided what he would say at the meeting.
我问皮特他是不是还没决定会议上他讲的内容。
5
discuss后的宾语从句只能用
whether引导
We discussed
whether the medicine will cause side effects.
我们讨
论了这个药是否会引起副作用。
注意:doubt作“怀疑”解,后接宾语从句时,如
主句是肯定的,宾语从句用whether或if引导,如主
句是否定,宾语从句只能用that引导。
如:
I doubt whetherif he is fit for the job.
我怀疑他是否胜任这份工作。
I don’t doubt that he can do it
very well. 他能把它做好,我不怀疑。
考点练透
一、单句填空
用适当的连词填空,补全下列句子。
1. I can’t decide
dictionary I would buy.
2. That’s he
refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested
in he has improved his pronunciation in
such a short time.
4. we need is more
time.
5. The fact she had not said
anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
6. and they will meet has
not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me
you are waiting for.
8. Is that you
are looking for?
9. Would you please
tell me the nearest post office is?
10. I don’t know he will agree to the
plan or not.
11. is done cann’t be
undone.
12. Take care you don’t make
mistakes in the coming exam.
13. To his
surprise, the umbrella was not he had
put.
14. we can’t get seems better
than we have.
15. he is
willing to come is not important.
16.
they are most interested in is they can
produce more and better cars.
17. It doesn’t
matter I rest or not.
18. I
have will be yours sooner or later.
19. I
think it is you are eating too much.
20. Can you make sure Alice has put
the gold necklace?
21. —Do you remember
he came?
—Yes, I do. He came by train.
22.
Mother asked me was wrong with me.
23. they have won the game made us
excited.
24. he says in his report is
a very interesting question.
25. That is
he failed to arrive on time.
二、语篇填空
根据短文意思用适当的词填空。
I don’t know 1 you have
noticed 2 some students don’t want to walk
to school. It can be
seen every day 3
their parents drive them to school. But nowadays,
it should be brought to our notice
4 the
air is seriously polluted. 5 can we do about
it? Here I have a suggestion 6 we should
ride on our bike to school! 7 we can do
it will not only have significant benefits for our
health, 8
also help improve our
environment. 9 we will have a better
environment depends on 10 we can
do for
ourselves and for nature.
三、语法填空 阅读下面短文,
在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Keeping complaining
can be a hurt in interpersonal relationships. So,
1 (improve) relationship with
others, you
need to be aware of several sensible ways to
complain. To begin with, you need to be specific.
Don’t
say, “Boy, did you act like 2 fool
at the party?” Instead, say, “You embarrassed me
by getting drunk and
telling 3 (offend)
jokes to my parents.” Secondly, stick to the
present. Don’t mention old offences 4 are
from last month or last year. 5
doing this, you take away attention from the
problem at hand. Moreover,
6 you complain,
never add insults. If you start calling the other
person names, that only 7 (create) anger
and hurt any chance of getting the person to
really listen to 8 . A last point to remember
is to complain
privately. Never criticize the
other person in front of friends, parents,
children, or anyone else for that matter.
Criticizing in front of a third party has the
same effect as insults. This shames the person 9
(criticize) and
makes 10 very likely that
the person will want to attack you orally rather
than listen to you.
助读词汇
sensible adj. 明智的
specific adj. 具体的
offence n. 冒犯
insult n. 侮辱
privately adv. 私下地 shame
vt. 使丢脸
orally adv. 口头上
interpersonal relationship 人际关系
参考答案
考点练透
一、单句填空
1. which 2. why 3. how 4. What 5. that 6.
When; where 7. whom(m) 8. what 9. where 10.
whether 11. What 12. that 13. where 14.
What; what 15. Whether 16. What; how 17.
whether 18.
Whatever 19. because 20. where
21. how 22. what 23. That 24. What 25. why
二、语篇填空
1. whether 2. that 3. that 4.
that 5. What 6. that 7. That 8. but 9.
Whether 10. what
三、语法填空
一直抱怨对人际关系是一种损害。对此,本文作者告诉我们如何明智地进行抱怨。
1. to
improve 作目的状语用动词不定式。
2. a
不定冠词的基本用法,a在此意为“一个(笨蛋)”。
3. offensive
形容词修饰名词。offensive意为“攻击性的、冒犯性的”。
4. which
此处which引导定语从句,修饰先行词old offences,并在从句中作主语。
5.
By 分析句子成分可知, 5 doing this在句中不作主语、宾语或表语,故填介词。根据
上下语境,
此处理应是表“通过这么做,你就可以……”,故填介词By最合适。注意首字母要大写。
6. when
空后是两个分句,填连接词。根据上下语境和句意可知,此处理应是个时间状语从句,故填
when。
7. will create 常用句型If sb…, sb. will …。
8.
you 缺少介词宾语填代词,根据上下语境和前面的主语you可知此处填宾语you。
9.
being criticized
分析句子成分可知,动词criticize在此作非谓语动词。而criticize与逻辑主语the pe
rson
却存在被动关系,故考虑现在分词形式。但根据上下语境和句意可知,此处理应是指“这会使那
个正在被批
评的人非常丢脸”才对,故填being
criticized作后置定语为最佳答案。此题较难。
10. it
此处it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that从句。
habits是什么意思-薄膜导热系数
than英语怎么读-daunt
如何快速学习语文-常用英语谚语500句
差互-fear什么意思
螳臂当车的读音-安慰近义词
淝怎么读-无头无尾
write是什么意思-邡怎么读
sounds什么意思-磁聚焦
-
上一篇:(英语)英语名词性从句专项习题及答案解析及解析
下一篇:名词性从句专项练习综合