中考英语专项练习之复合句 1 (宾语从句,定语从句)

中考英语专项练习之复合句(-)

初中阶段常见的复合句包括宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。
一、宾语从句
在复合句中作宾语成分的从句叫做宾语从句。
◆引导词
作宾语从句的句子 引导词
陈述句: that +主+谓+宾

一般疑问句: if whether+主+谓+宾
Sam asked me, “Do you often ride a bike?
Sam asked me if I often rode a bike.

特殊疑问句:疑问词+主+谓+宾:
He asked his teacher how he could play the violin well.
I don’t know what I should do with the letter.

简单句:疑问词+to do：
宾语从句的时态: 主句一般现在时,从句可以根据需要的任意时态.
主句一般过去时,从句是过去时.
主句一般过去时, 客观真理,自然现象用一般现在时.
【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1. He asked which film they _____ about.
A. will talk B. are going to talk
C. was going to talk D. were talking
( )2. Do you know _____ bike this is?
A. that B. who C. why D. whose
( )3. Polly said no news _____ good news.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
( )4. We didn’t know _____ she was ready or not.
A. when B. that C. whether D. what
( )5. —What did your PE teacher say about your high jump at the sports meeting?
—He said that I _____ better.
A. can do B. am C. will do D. could do
( )6. —I want to know when _____ have a field trip.
—We’ll have it when all the work _____.
A. you are; will finish B. you will; finishes
C. you will; is finished D. you; finish
( )7. —Could you tell me when _____?
—At 10:25, in ten minutes.
A. the bus will leave B. will the bus leave
C. the bus has left D. had the bus left
( )8. －Do you know ______ he’ll arrive here at 9:00 this morning?
－I’m afraid he’ll be late.
A. that B. how C. why D. whether

( )9. —Could you tell me _____?
—She is a student in Eton School.
A. where Kate is studying B. how Kate was studying
C. why Kate was studying D. when Kate studied
( )10. —Do you know _____ going to stay in London?
—No, I don’t. Maybe a few days.
A. when he is B. how long he is
C. when is he D. how long is he
Ⅱ. 句型转换
11. He asked his teacher how he could play the violin well. (改为简单句)
He asked his teacher _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
12. Sam asked me, “Do you often ride a bike?” (改为复合句)
Sam asked me _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
13. I don’t know what I should do with the letter. (改为简单句)
I don’t know what _____ _____ with the letter.
14. “Does light travel faster than sound?” Tom asked. (改为复合句)
Tom asked _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
15. She doesn’t know how she gets to the bank. (改为简单句)
She doesn’t know how _____ _____ _____ _____ _____.
Ⅲ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
16. I don’t think the watch will _____ (mend) well in 2 days.
17. She said that the sun _____ (be) brighter than the moon.
18. I will take back what I _____ (say).
19. I wanted to know if he _____ (can) mend the car.
20. She said that she _____ (go) fishing last Sunday.
21. She told me that they _____ (talk) about a new book at this time yesterday.
22. I’m sure everything _____ (go) well.
23. I hope that I _____ (visit) Beijing soon.
24. I hear that Tom _____ (be) here for a week.
25. Tom told his boss that he _____ (finish) the work well if he _____ (give) another
chance.
二、定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，并充当其定语的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
定语从句常放在先行词的后面，由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that和关系副词
when, where, why等引导。
定语从句的谓语动词的人称变化与先行词有关。
（二）、关系代词引导的定语从句

twhom指人，在从句中做主语宾语
The people thatwho come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
Where is the man thatwhom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
Mr. Liu is the person (whowhom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
3. whichthat指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which that is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

(2) This is the pen (whichthat) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语“谁的”。
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
（二）、关系副词引导定语从句在剧中做状语。

关系副词
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in at on ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during on in ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
Shanghai is the city in which I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
The house in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
[注]表示时间“time一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用 任何关系代词，当然也不用
that引导。
I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
特别注意关系词在从句中做什么成分，或者说从句缺少什么成分。
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
I will never forget the days__________we work together.
I will never forget the days__________we spent together. ( spend time )
I went to the place______ I worked ten years ago.
I went to the place______ I visited ten years ago.
I went to the place in ______ I lived ten years ago.
This is the reason ___he was late.
This is the reason ______he gave.
This is the school ________he studied at 20 years ago.
This is the school ________he studied 20 years ago.
注意:
关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序 数词、基数词、形容词
最高级时,只能用that.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one
等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西
要买
吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用
tha.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清
楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。


关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

【练习导航】
Ⅰ. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。
1. 这就是那个帮助过我的人。
This is the man _______ _______ me.
2. 你在寻找的医生在房间里。
The doctor _______ you are looking for _______ in the room.
3. 你认识那个名叫李萍的女士吗？
Do you know the lady _______ name _______ Li Ping?
4. 我收到的那封信是我父亲写来的。
The letter _______ I received _______ from my father.
5. 你还有什么要说的吗？
Is there anything _______ you _______ to say?
6. 你还记得我们几天前拜访过的那个人吗？
Do you still remember the man _______ _______ _______ a few days ago?
7. 那个在事故中断了左臂的工人被送进了医院。
The worker _______ left arm _______ _______ in the accident was sent to hospital.
8. 这就是我出生的地方。
This is _______ _______ _______ I was born.
9. 这是我看过的最好的小说。
This is _______ _______ _______ _______ I have read.
10. 这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了。
This is your second time _______ _______ _______ us the story.
Ⅱ. 单项选择

( )11. The boy _____ helped me yesterday is playing soccer with his friends.
A. whom B. who C. which D. whose
( )12. The music _____ the U2 band played was very popular.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
( )13. The girl _____ skirt is red is Tom’s sister.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. that
( )14. This is the best way _____ can help us earn lots of money.
A. which B. who C. that D. when
( )15. Anyone ______ breaks the rules must be punished.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. who
( )16. We talked the things and persons ______ we were interested in.
A. that B. which C. who D. when
( )17. There is a girl ______ is waiting for you.
A. whose B. which C. whom D. who
( )18. I’ll never forget the day _____ I first come here.
A. when B. where C. why D. who
( )19. This is the room ______ he lived last year.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
( )20. That’s the reason _______ he was late for school.
A. when B. where C. why D. which
Ⅲ.将下列句子合并成为含有定语从句的复合句。
21. I remember everything. You did everything to help us.
___________________________________________
22. Look at the boy and his dog. They are running over there.
___________________________________________
23. He is the man. He has done lots of things to help these homeless people.
____________________________________________
24. This is the reason. We must value time.
____________________________________________
25. He told me the date. He joined the music club.