【专项训练】高中英语语法专项—— 复合句(含配套练习)

语法专项—— 复合句
【复合句综述】复合句含有两个或两个以上主谓结构，其中一个主谓< br>结构作另一个的成分。（而并列句的两个主谓结构间是并列关系， 而
不是从属关系）。复合句包 含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子，
从句包含名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位 语从句）、
定语从句和状语从句等。当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时，
整个句子就成 为复合句了。
一、如何判断复合句
he said is wrong.
（what he said,是一个主谓结构，he为主语，said为谓语，what是宾
语。What he said is wrong. 是另外一个主谓结构。What he said作主
语，is wrong系表结构作谓语。因此，本句是复合句。What he said
是名词性从句作主语）。
boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.
（The boy is my brother.是一个主谓结构 who is wearing a hat也是一
个主谓结构，作了前一个主谓结构中主语the boy的定语。因此本句
是复合句。
3.I was doing my homework when he came in.（I was doing my
homework是一个主谓结构，he came in也是一个主谓结构。后面一
个主谓结构作前一个的时间状语。因此是复合句。

boy over there is my brother. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）
5. I was doing my homework at six. （只有一个主谓结构，是简单句）
【小叮咛】
一个句子如果出现两个主谓结构，那它就不是 简单句了，要么是并列
句，要么是复合句。是并列句时要有and, so, but,等并列连词或用 分
号。是复合句时也要有连接词。总之，只用逗号而不用连接词简单的
把两个主谓结构连接到一 起的句子是错误的。例如：
误：I like English, my English is very good.
正：I like English and my English is very good.
正：As I like English, my English is very good.
误：I have a house, its windows are very big.
正：I have a house and its windows are very big.
正：I have a house, whose windows are very big.
二、主从复合句的时态
1. 在以when，after，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句以及以if，unless
等 引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现
在时。例如：
I'll tell her the good news when she comes back.当她回来的时候，我将

把这个好消息告诉她。
If it doesn't rain, he will come here on time.如果不下雨，他会按时来这
儿的。
2. 在含有宾语 从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态
时，从句须用表示过去的某种时态。例如：
He asked when they would go to the party.他问他们什么时候将去参加
聚会。
Miss Green said she had been to Beijing before.格林小姐说她以前曾经
去过北京。
3. 在宾语从句中，当主句的时态为一般现在时、现在进行时、现在
完成时等时态时，后面从 句时态不受主句限制，可根据情况，选用各
种适合的时态。例如：
Do you know when we'll have a football match?你知道我们什么时候举
行足球赛吗？
You know he has gone to Shanghai.你知道他已去上海了。
4. 当宾语从句表述的是客观事实、科 学真理、现在的习惯动作以及
格言等时，其时态不受主句限制，而用一般现在时。例如：
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.老师告诉我们光
速比音速要快。

When I was a student, my teacher often told us that time and tide wait
for no man.当我还是学生的时候，老师常常告诉我们，岁月不等人。
5. 在＋点时间句型中，主句通常用现在完成时，从句用一般过
去时。例如：
He has worked at the factory since he came here.自从他来到这儿，他就
一直在这家工厂上班。
【小叮咛】在句型段时间＋sinc e＋从句中，since后面的从句要
用一般过去时。例如：
It's a long time since we met last.自从我们上次见面以来已经有好长时
间了。
6. 在复合句中，如果主、从句表示的动作或状态都发生在过去，而
且有先后，则在先的用过 去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。例如：
When he got there, the train had left.当他到那儿的时候，火车已经开
了。
He said he had visited the school before.他说他以前参观过那所学校。
三、it引起的时间句型
1. It + be + 时间 + since-clause
这个句型表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过
的一段时间，意为自从 ......以来已多久了，主句多用一般现在时，

从句用一般过去时，如果表示过去的情况，主句用一般过去时，从句
用过去完成时，或主句用过 去完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：
It is three years since his father passed away . (从现在算起)
It was 10 years since they married . (从过去算起)
It had been fifteen years since she left Shanghai . (从过去算起)
30 years has passed since we joined the Party . (从现在算起)
2. It + be + 时间 + before-clause
这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如：long years ,
months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的谓语动词用肯定式，意为过多长时间才......。主句的谓语动词是否定式时，意为没过多
长时间就......。 主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be；用was
时，before从句的动词用一般过去时；用will be 时，before从句常
用一般现在时。 例如：
It was not long before she learned those poems by heart . 她没过多久
就背会了那些诗歌。
It was long before the police arrived .过了很久警察才来。
It will be hours before he makes a decision . 要过好几个小时他才会作
出决定。
It will not be hours before meet again . 要不了几个小时我们还会再见
面的。
3. It + be + 时间 + when- clause
这个句型中, it 指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为

具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是
一致的，主句是will be，when从句用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：
It was already 8 o'clock when we got home .
It was the next morning when we finished our work .
It will be midnight when they get there .
4. It + be + 时间 + that-clause
这个句型是个强调句型。例如：
It was two years ago that he made an important invention .
(原句是：He made an important invention two years ago . )
It was at 5 o'clock that he practised playing the violin in the morning .
(原句是：He practised playing the violin at 5 o'clock in the morning . )
比较：It was 5 o'clock when he started in the morning .
(5 o'clock前没有介词，这是个定语从句)
5. It + be + time + that-clause
这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的是 is 或 was ，that从句
都须用动词的过去式或should + 动词原型(但不及用过去式普通)，在
time之前有时可加上high或about 以加强语气。例如：
It is time(that)we handed in our exercises .(= It is time that we should
hand in our exercises .)
It is high time (that ) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend .
6. It This That + the first(second , third ...) time + that-clause
这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历，关键是注意time

前有序数词，主句是 is 时 ，从句要用现在完成时；如果主句用一般
过去时was ，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。
例如：
This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall .
It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a friendly visit to Africa .
四、It代替从句作形式主语的常见句型
1. it 代替连词 that 引导的从句作形式主语。
1) it + be + 过去分词 + that 从句
It's said that Tom has come back from abroad . 据说汤姆已经从国外回
来了。
It was reported that dozens of children died in the accident . 据报导，数
十名儿童在事故中死亡。
可用于该句型的过去分词还有：known , thought , told , believed ,
hoped , announced ,expected , decided , suggested等，该句型常可以转
换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定 式作主补的简单句。例如：
It's said that Tom has come back from abroad .
→People say that Tom has come back from abroad .
→He is said to have come back from abroad .
2) It + be + 名词词组 + that 从句
It's a pity that he can't swim for his age . 真遗憾，就他的年龄来讲，他
竟不会游泳。

It's a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time .
真奇怪，你竟能在如此短的时间内完成艰巨的任务。
可用于该句型的名词词组还有：an honor , a good thing , a fact , a
surprise , good news等。
3) It + be seem + 形容词 + that 从句
It is likely that they will beat us tonight .今晚很可能他们会赢我们。
It doesn't seem that she will give us a hand .她帮我们的可能性似乎不
太大。
可用于此句型的开容词还有；wonderful , true , good , right , wrong ,
(un)important ,useless , surprising , clear , possible , unusual , lucky ,
certain 等。
4) It + seem appear happen + that 从句
It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much .看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。
It appears that Tom might change his mind .看来汤姆会改变主意。
It happened that I went out that day .碰巧我那天外出了。
注意，句型4可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述句子可转换为：
He seems to enjoy pop music very much .
Tom appears to change his mind .
I happened to go out that day.
2. it 代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语。
1) It is known (not decided , not made clear , found out , discussed ,

being discussed , being considered , a question , uncertain等) + 连接代
词或连接副词引导的从句。
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet .
我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。
It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not . 他能否来
开会还不能确定。
2) It doesn't matter(doesn't matter too much , doesn't make too much
difference等) + 连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。例如：
It doesn't matter whether we go together or separately . 我们一起去还
是分开去都可以。
It doesn't matter too much to me what you do or where you go .
你做什么或去什么地方，对我都无关紧要。
【小试牛刀】
判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and
come back home at seven in the evening.

5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
11. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the
farm.
12. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from
dawn until dark.
13. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.
14. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is
colder they grow wheat
15. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for
him.
Keys:1. 简单句 2. 复合句, The boy is called Tom是一个主谓结构 who
offered me his seat也是一个主谓结构，为定语从句，作前一个主谓结
构中主语the boy 的定语。

3. 简单句，反义疑问句
4. 简单句，my brother and I 是并列主语，后面go to school和come
back为并列谓语，因此也只有一个主谓结构。
5. 并列句
6. 含有时间状语从句的复合句。
7. 并列句
8. 复合句，what he said也是一个主谓结构，名词性从句作主语。
9. 简单句，只有一个主谓结构。
10. 简单句，前面为并列主语。
11. and连接的并列句
12. 由so连接的并列句
13. 简单句
14. but连接前后为并列句，但后面又是一个含有定语从句的复合句。
15. 含有让步状语从句的复合句。