虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题

虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动 词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不
可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：
一、与现在事实相反
连接词 条件从句
1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形
结果从句
Should
If
Would +动词原形
could
might
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词 条件从句
1. should+动词原形
If
2. 动词过去式
3、were to+动词原形
结果从句
Should
Would +动词原形
Could
might
If you should lose, what would you do?
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
Should
If had+过去分词
Would + have+过去分词
could
might
If I’d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构：
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：
A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he...)
(=If there were no water,…) (=If you hadn’t helped me,…)
3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

suggest, advise, recommend, demand,
require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形
devide, ask, move, propose等
注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.
如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。
He insists that he is right.
2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：
imperative, advisable, 动词完成式
It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that…(should) +
essential, strange,等 动词原形
It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.
It is right that you should have done your homework.
3、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反
主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反
助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)
I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
I wish they’d let us get some sleep.
注意：wi sh与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。
wi sh表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)
4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：
He acts as if nothing had happened. I would rather you didn’t tell him.
5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：
It’s time (that) you had a hair cut. It’s high time (that) we took some action.
虚拟语气专项练习一
（ ）1. If I you, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.
A. be B. was C. were D. am
（ ）2. I do not think those people are really English. If they were, they speak wish French accents.
A. don't B. will not C. mustn't D. wouldn't
（ ）3. today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?
A. Were we leaving B. If we leave C. Would we leave D. Were we to leave
（ ）4. If Jone tomorrow, what would you do?
A. were not to come B. will not come C. would not come D. had not come
（ ）5. “She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?” “You mean to say , you would've helped her ?”
A. if she asked you B. if she were to ask you

she asked you C. were she to ask you
（ ）6. They took the injured straight to the hospital. Otherwise some of them .
A. might have died B. might die C. would die D. could die
（ ）7. If they had known him, to him?
A. would they have talked B. would they talk they talked D. they would talk
（ ）8. If I lived in the city, I traveal in croweded buses, but I to see lots of films.
A. shall have toshall be able B. shall have toam able
C. would have towere able D. would have towould be able
（ ）9. I would have gone to the concert, if I time.
A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had
（ ）10. I know it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having
（ ）11. your help, I would not have succeeded.
A. Because B. Because of C. But D. But for
（ ）12. “What did Mr Smith say about his career?”
“Only that if he a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”
A. did not become B. had not become C. does not become D. has not become
（ ）13. “Why didn't you help him?” “I would have I didn't have the money.”
A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or
（ ）14. “Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.” “I suggest Wang Hong .”
A. goes B. would go C. go D. went
（ ）15. The housemaster was strict. He requested that we television on week nights.
A. not watch B. must not to watch C. not be watching D. have not watch
（ ）16. I can't speak Japanese, but I do wish I .
A. can B. could C. had D. speak
（ ）17. “Are you enjoying your stay here?’ “Yes, very much. I wish I have to leave so soon.”
A. won't B. don't C. mustn't D. didn't
（ ）18. “What will you do during the summer holidays?”
“I don't know, but it's about time on something.”
A. I'm deciding B. I'll decide C. I decided D. I'd decided
（ ）19. I'd rather you anything about it for the time being.
A. say B. didn't say C. don't say D. not say
（ ）20. “Why do you have to be there at six?” “The teacher demands that everyone in his seat at six.”
A. would be B. can be C. be D. will be
（ ）21. He makes a note of the assignment lest he it.
A. forgets B. forget C. will forget D. will not forget
（ ）22. “how does the librarian act?” “He acts as if he a walking dictionary.”
A. were B. be C. is D. has been
（ ）23. There is a law that drunken drivers severely punished.
A. were B. are C. be D. will be
（ ）24. I wish you interrupt when I'm talking on the phone.
A. will not B. would not C. do not D. did not
（ ）25. Henry talks to his dog as if it him.
A. understands B. understood C. understand D. would understand
（ ）26. Jeff looked as if he a ghost.
A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. would see
（ ）27. Give her my best regards, . A. should you see her today B. if you saw her today
C. if you would see her today D. should you have seen her today
（ ）28. There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting postponed for a week.
A. had been B. would be C. was D. should be

（ ）29. It is highly desirable that every effort to reduce pollution in Bei jing.
A. was made B. be made C. will be made D. would be made
（ ）30. The manager would rather that his wife work in the same office as he dose.
A. does not B. did not C. would not D. will not
（ ）31. The teacher insisted that we all back by two o'clock.
A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be
（ ）32. I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I there.
A. went B. was C. were been
（ ）33. It is high time we drug trafficking.(贩毒)
A. did away with B. do away with C. did away D. should do away with
虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案
（1）C (2) D (3) D (4) A (5) C (6) A (7) A (8) D (9) A (10) C
(11) D (12) B (13) B (14) C (15) A (16) B (17) D (18) C (19) B
(20) C (21) B (22) A (23) C (24) B (25) B (26) C (27) A (28) D
(29) B (30) B (31) A (32) D (33) A
关于假使条件虚拟语气需注意的几点
1. 如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的 时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致,这种假设条件
句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气. 其主句和从句谓语动词的构成要根据所假设的时间而定.
1) If I had taken the medicine, I would be better now.
如果我服用了那种药的话,现在就会好些了.
2) If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
如果(前些日子)天气更好些, 庄稼一定会长得更好.
2. If it were not for had not been for…
也是一种条件虚拟语气从句,译为 “要不是因为……”.
1)

If it hadn’t been for the doctor, he wouldn’t have recovered so soon.
2)

If it were not for the lack of space, we would hold the sports meet today.
3. 有些条件是由一些短语引出的 (but for, with, without; otherwise, or, but, etc,)
1)

We couldn’t have achieved so much without your help (= If we had not had your help).
2)

Without solar radiation, animals and plants would die.
3)

With better equipment, we could have done it better.
4)

But for electricity (= If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.
5)

I should have returned the book last week, but I was so busy that I forgot to do so.
6)

He was having a meeting; otherwise he would have come over to help us.
7)

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the party.
4.在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中, 虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来. 谓语动词用虚拟形式.
1)

Any men in his position would have done like that.
2)

You should (ought to) have come earlier.
虚拟语气祈使语气的混合使用
在有些情况下, 条件从句中的谓语由”should + 原形动词” 构成, 这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语
气或陈述语气, 也可以是祈使语气.
1. If it should rain, the plan will would be called off.
2. Should anyone phone, please tell them I’m busy.
3. Even if (If) it should get stormy, I will go.

表示要求, 建议, 命令的虚拟语气
表示要求, 建议, 命令的从句中, 谓语动词要用should + 原形动词, 其中可以should 省略. 下列例句可
以表示这种虚拟语气.

a. 主宾语从句表示法: suggest, order, request, advise, require, insist, ask, demand, command, propose等动
词后面的宾语从句要用原形动词should + 原形动词, 可以省略.
1. The doctor advised that I (should) take a rest.
2. The London dockers demanded that their wages (should) be raised.
3. He insisted that the meeting (should) not be put off.
?

当suggest, insist 等动词表示”暗示, 坚持说” 时, 其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气, 要用
陈述语气.
1. Are you suggesting that I am not suited for the job?
2. He insisted that he was innocent.
b. 主语从句表示法: 当以上动词用在下列句型中时, 主语从句也应该用should + 原形动词
1. It is suggested that the building (should) be pulled down.
2. It is ordered that the work (should) be started at once.
?

在It is (was) strange (necessary, wonderful, important, etc.) that…句型中, strange, necessary等后面的
主语从句中用should + 原形动词, should可以省略.
3. It is strange that he (should) refuse to come to the party.
4.

It is necessary that a doctor (should) be sent for at once.
5.

It is important that we should learn from toehrs.
e. 表语从句表示法.
suggestion, proposal, order, advice, demand 等名词作主语时,其后面的表语从句中也用虚拟语气, 即
should +原形动词, should也可以省略.
1)

My advice is that you (should) give up smoking.
c. wish 后面所跟宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气.
e.g.I wish thatshe were here with me and that we weren’t sick. I wish I had sent the old man to
hospital in time.
d. 在as if引起的从句中,动词一般用虚拟语气, 通常用were
e.g. People treat me as if I were a dangerous person.
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
f. 同位语从句表示法.
That evening came the order that we (should) cross the river at once.

虚拟语气中常见的句型有
1. It is (high about) time that… 这一从句的谓语动词用过去式或should + 原形动词, 其中should不可
以省略. 此句型译为”该是……时候了”.
2. would rather sb. did sth. had done sth.
此句型表示”宁愿让某人……”, 如果是没有发生的动作, 从句用过去时; 如果是已经发生的事, 从句用
过去完成时. 1)

I’d rather you left tomorrow. 2)

I’d rather they hadn’t gone to school yesterday.
3. if only… 此句型表示”要是……就好了”. 其后面句子的时态与wish引导的宾语从句相同, 既:如果
虚拟现在, 要用一般过去时; 如果是虚拟过去, 要用过去完成时; 如果是虚拟将来, 则应该用 would
或 could加原形动词.
1)

If only I were a bird! 2)

If only I had worked hard as a student! 3)

If only I could land on the moon!
4. 连接词in case可用来引起的虚拟语气. 形式通常为: in case + 主语 + should +动词原形. in case句中
should 的可以省去, 也可以不用虚拟语气, 而用陈述语气.
1)

He took his rain coat with him in case it should rain.
2)

He doesn’t dare to leave the house in case he is (should be) recognized.
虚拟语气专项练习二
20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth.
A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D . be circling
21. I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone
22. I wish I ___________ with her. A. would be B. am C. was D. were
23. I wish that I_____________ the concert last night.

A. could B. have attended C. could have attended D. attended
24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D. can not have gone
25.
A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help
26. If the Watergate Incident_____________ Nixon would not have resigned from the presidency.
A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not occurring D. be circling
27. I hadn't expected ________James to apologize but I had hoped .
A. him calling me B. that he would call me C. him to call me D. that he call me
28. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ .
A. if he didn't get a flat tire B. if the flat tire hadn't happened
C. had he not had a flat tire D. had the tire not flattened itself
29. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write composition about the
C. wrote some compositions of his or her D. had written any compositions for his
30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
31. As usual, he put on a show as though his trip____ a great success.
A. had been B. has been C. were D. was
32. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if he ______as elephant.
A. lifts B. is lifting C. Lifted D. could lift
34. He described the town as if he_____________ it himself. A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees
35. At that thought he shook himself, as though he _____________from an evil dream.
A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke
36. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they
investigate the situation. A. do B. don't C. didn't D. didn't do
37. Although most adopted persons want the right to know who ______________their natural parents are,
some who have found them wish that they the experience of meeting.
A. hadn't B. didn't have had C. hadn't had D. hadn't have
38. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must confirm
39. without electronic computers, much of today's ___________advanced technology.
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not been achieved
40. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
41. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
42. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ___all diplomas from
elementary school to university. A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. Came C. would have come D. had come
44. I must say he reads very well, and I shouldn't be surprised if he___________ acting for a living one day.
A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D. would have taken up
45. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
46. I hadn't expected ______Henry to apologize but I had hoped .
A. him to call me up B. him calling me up C. that he would call me up D. that he will call me

47. I had hoped that John ____________a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months.
A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
48. I had hoped that Jennifer___________ a doctor, but she wasn't good enough at science.
A. will become B. became C. would become D. becomes
49. I'd rather you ___________ anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. didn't do C. don't D. didn't
50. I'd just as soon_______ rudely to her.
A. that you won't speak B. you not speaking C. you not speak D. you didn't speak
51. It's high time they____________ this road. A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D. will
mend
52. It's about time people______ notice of what women did during the war.
A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take
53. Everybody has arrived. It's time we___________ the class.
A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. start
54. ___________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
55. Mary ___my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. has received B. ought to have received C. couldn't have received D. shouldn't have
received
56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise he _______to see his classmates off.
A. came B. would come C. would have come D. should be coming
57. He's working hard for fear that he_____________ .
A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind
58. Without the dreams of the youth, this invention might____________ for a century.
A. have been postponed B. has been postponed
C. postpone D. be postponed
59. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were working
60. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child
_____psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is B. were C. be D. would be
61. Tom's father, as well as his mother,_______________ in New York for a few days more.
A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay C. asks he stays D. asks he stay
62. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited
64. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.
A. sing B. singed C. had signed D. were signing
65. It is appropriate that some time ______thorough study of the results of the Apollo mission.
A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D. be devoted to
参考答案
20．（A）as if引导的从句要求用 虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）
或would(could 等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。
21．D． 22．D． 23．C． 24．A． 25．D．
26．（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could,
might)+动词原形的过去分词。
27．（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。
28．（C）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, m ight)+have+过去分词，条件
句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。 （B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，
所以（C）是正确答案。
29．（A）sug gest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。

30．A．表示与现在相反的虚拟。
31．A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
32．D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
33．D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。
34．A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
35．C．
36．（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的 假设，或为过
去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。
37．（C）who引导的定语从句中的 现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已
经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式 表示对过去的虚拟。
38．（B）
39．（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短 语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也
早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设 ，因此用would not have been achieved这一形式。
40．（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。
41．（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。
42．（C）
43．（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday) 的情况的假设，所以应该
用would have come形式。
44．（B）所给的四 个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to
do ，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故（B）
是正 确答案。
45．（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主 句是对现在（now）
的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。
46．C． 47．C． 48．C． 49．B．would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。
50．D．would as soon引导的虚拟语气，其谓语动词也用过去式. 51．B． 52．B． 53．B． 54．B．
55．C．注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。 56．C．同上。 57．A．注意词组for fear that
58．A．注意without 59．C． 60．C． 61．D． 62．B． 64．A． 65．D．