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公共英语三级阅读题解析

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-24 17:15
tags:三级英语考试时间

万俟卨怎么读-convey

2020年10月24日发(作者:晏铎)


公共英语三级阅读题解析

PETS三级阅读理解由A、B两节组成,主要考 查考生理解书面英语的能力,该部分所需
时间约为40分钟。在熟悉了PETS三级阅读理解题型和命题 思路后,下面介绍两种阅读答
题的有效方法:

一、先看题干,带着问题读文章

阅读题干,首先要掌握问题的类型,分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可
以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调、作者未加陈述的观点
以及贯穿全 文的中心主旨的理解等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进
行深一层的推理才能解答 。
其次,这一步骤中应把短文后的所有题干都看到,做到心中有数,并且暂时不看选择项
(除 要求判断说法是否符合原文的题目外),以免受选择项干扰,然后有针对性地对文章进
行扫读。此法加强 了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率,节省了时间。特别适用于对图形
表格类阅读材料。
(1) 以题干需求、文章大意为目标,速读全文
这一步骤的有效性,取决于目标是 否明确。一个目标是题干需求。根据我们
从题目中得知的答题目标,在这一步阅读中要对有关信息进行快 速定位,再将相
关信息进行整合、辨别、分析、对比,有根有据地排除干扰项,选出正确答案;
对与题目无关的信息就可以置之不顾,很快跳跃过去。

第一个步骤许多考生在答题时都是这 样去做的,但同样的做法,取得的效果
却往往不尽相同,其中当然有各人理解能力的差别,但另外一点原 因也不能忽视
——这就是对文章大意和主题的把握程度不同。

另一个目标是文章大意。达成这一目标的方法之一是抓文体要素。
考试中,在有限的时间里,考生必须 运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧,搜寻关键词、
主题句,捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文 章脉络,这样才能做
到快速把握文章大意。不同体裁的文章,文章大意的具体内容也不同。如记叙文多以人物为中心,以时间或空间为线索,按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事;
论述文则包含论点、 论据、结论三大要素,通过解释、举例来阐述观点。考生可
根据文章的特点,详读细节,以动词、时间、 地点、事件、因果等为线索,找出
关键词语和主题句。

达成这一目标的方法 之二是主题句。抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方
法。多数文段都有主题句,而且主题句一般出现在 文章的开头和结尾。当然也有
些文章没有主题句,需要读者自己去归纳。因为主题句往往对全文起提示、 启迪、
概括、归纳之作用,所以主旨大意题、归纳概括题、中心思想类的题目往往可直
接从主题 句中找到答案。比如,请找出下面一段文章的主题句:
The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo
are always front page news and important features on television newscasts.
Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda


postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops
不难看出,第一句the panda is a popular animal是主题句,后面的句子都围
绕这个句子展开

(1) 研究选项,逐题作答
通过上面第一遍阅读,我们应该对各题的答案及文章 大意都大致上有了一定
的认识,这是我们根据题干和文章本身得到的阅读结果。
但这些理解 还要进一步细致分析,以便最后确定答案。第一遍阅读中我们
尽量不看选项是为了避免干扰,这一步我们 却一定要看选项,而且4个选项都要
看完,千万不要认为某个答案正确就匆忙做出决定,而不看其他选项 。
如果4个选项无一有把握时,或在几个选项之间犹豫不决时,最好把题干
再读一遍,把握 准题目要求回答的角度,尽量避免由于对干题干本身理解不正确
而千万的造成的误选。在回答问题时,有 的题可以先运用常识排除太绝对或不可
能的选项,但最重要的、也原则性的做法仍然是要在文章中找出答 题的依据,即
你的答题结果所依据的句子。

(2) 深层理解题,比较各题
答完题后,要进行复查,复查时可以先读短文后检验答案,也可以把答案与短
文对照起来检查 。复查的方法主要有二:
看按已有的理解,作者的观点、方式、态度、情感等方面是否存在不一致或相 互
矛盾之处。在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,
通过语篇逻 辑关系,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。
这就是通常所说的深层理解。如果我们 对文章的理解是正确的,这种忠实于原文;
以文章提供的事实和线索为依据的深层理解应该会在文中得到 多处应证,至少也
是不出现矛盾。看通篇各个测试点有无联系,有无矛盾,这两种方法中,只要有
一种出现了矛盾或不一致的现象,都要重新考虑答案。

二、抓到过渡词
文章过渡词是篇章意义组织和传达的重要一部分。由于过渡词能够表示各种
语义关系,如果考生在这 方面有一定的知识,往往可以借助它们搞清文章的来龙
去脉,不读具体细节,也能猜上文或者下文讲的是 什么。更重要的是过渡词在文
章中比较突出、醒目,在查证时容易找。在阅读中,如把它们圈出,答题就 容易
多了。因为绝大多数细节性的问题和它们有密切的联系。根据我们统计,问题中
除了问大意 、中心思想的,60%以上是问细节的,而只要问细节,90%以上牵涉到
原因,特点,功能,理由,事 实,优缺点等。而这些东西往往是用表示各种语义
的过渡词来引出的。<

根据过渡词表示的语义和逻辑关系,我们可以分类为:
1) 举例:for example, for instance, as a case in point, as an illustration,
such as, say, e.g。<

2) 释义:that is, that is to say, in other words, so to speak, or rather,
namely


3) 原因:Because, because of, for, as, owing to, thanks to, due
to, now that, since, as a result of, attribute to, in that

4) 条件:if, unless, whether, provided that, given, as long as, on
condition that, otherwise

5) 让步:despite, in spite of, though, although, nevertheless, but,
however, admittedly, it is true…but, after al

6) 结果:for this reason, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence,
as a result, thus, in short, in a word, to sum up, to conclude

7)比较:similarly, like, likewise, in the same way, much……, as much,
no more……, than, just as…… so

8)对照:whereas, instead, however, unlike, on the contrary, in contrast,
on the other hand, while, some……, others

9)层进:first, in the first place, to begin with, second, next, in
addition to, besides, moreover, furthermore, third, finally

10)强调:indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, above all, most
importantly, worst of all

11)目的:in order to, in an effort to, so as to, in order that, for fear
that, in case, least

12)先后:shortly after, earlier, later, afterwards, after, before,
once, meanwhile, since, until, when, while, the moment, as soon as

13)指示:this, that, these, this accounts for, this helps explain, that‘s
why


如何做判断是非的题目

是非题也称之为正误判断题,因为问的是选项中对文章中的 事实的转述是否
真实,提法是否正确,文章或作者是否提及。
例如:
Which of the following statements is (not) true
Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the passage


Which of the following does not explain _______
All of the following are true except ________。
可见这些问题的四个选项要么是“一正三误”,即 一项是对的,是符合文


章事实的,其余三项均是错的;要么是“一误三正,即一项是错的 ,是不合原文事
实的,其余三项均是正确的。
解答这类问题,头脑应当清楚:问题是要求把 正确的选项圈出,还是要求
把错误的选项圈出。有的考生不看清问题,就去选择选项,想当然地把正确的 ,
符合文章事实的一项圈出,而问题明明问的是Which of the following is not true
(mentioned),结果误选。


练习
The young people who talk of the village as being dead are talking
nothing but nonsense, as in their hearts they must surely know.
No, the village is not dead. There is more life in it now than there ever was.
But it seems that village life is dead. Gone for ever. It began to decline about a
hundred years ago. When many girls left home to go into service in town many
miles away, and men also left home in increasing numbers in search of work, and
home was where work was. There are still a number of people alive today who can
remember what village life meant in the early years of the present century. It meant
finding your entertainment in the village of within walking distance of it. It meant
housewives tied to the home all day and every day. It meant going to bed early to
save lamp-oil and coal.
Then came the First World War and the Second World War. After each
war, new ideas, new attitudes, new trades and occupations were revealed to
villagers. The long-established order of society was no longer taken for granted.
Electricity and the motorcar were steadily operating to make village life and town
life; almost alike. Now with the highly developed science and technology and
high-level social welfare for all, there is no point whatever in talking any longer
about village life. It is just life, and a better life.
Finally, if we have any doubts about the future, or about the many changes
which we have seen in our lives, we have only to look in at the school playground
any mid-morning; or see the children as they walk homeward in little groups.
Obviously there children are better fed, better clothed, better educated, healthier,
prettier and happier than any generation of children that ever before walked the
village street.
1. By saying that village is not dead, but village life is dead, the writer
suggests that _____.
A. those young people who talk of the village as being dead are wrong
B. the two statements are against each other
C. village life today is rather uninteresting


D. village life today is no longer like what it used to be

2. It was _____ that village life began to take a sharp turn.
A. about a century ago
B. during the two world wars
C. with electricity and motorcars introduced into the village


D. only recently

3. As is suggested in paragraph 2, villagers in the past _____.
A. lived a simpler life than villagers today
B. knew fewer people than villagers today
C. found it difficult to enjoy themselves
D. liked to wash themselves with cold water

4. The expression... there is no point whatever in talking about ... in paragraph
3 means that _____.
A. there is no end to the talking about ...
B. it is harmful to talk about ...
C. it is not meaningless to talk about ...
D. there is no reason for talking about ..

5. From the passage we can see that the writer’s attitude toward village life is
_____.
A. positive
B. negative
C. neutral
D. unclear
答案解析:
1. 答案D 解析:本文第二段对过去和现在的农村生 活进行对比,由此得
出现在的农村生活已经不再像过去的农村生活那样了。所以本题正确答案应该是D. 而不是A:那些谈论农村已经不存在的年轻人是错误的,B:农村和农村生活
相反,C:今天 的农村生活很乏味。
2. 答案C 解析:本题问的是从什么时候起,农村生活有了一个转折点。< br>从文章第三段第四句话:“电和机动车辆在拉近农村生活和城市生活的距离方面
起着决定性的作用 ”,可知选项C 正确。
3. 答案A 解析:第二段最后四句话讲述的是:过去的村子里的每一个
人都相互了解; 不必走很远就可以娱乐;家庭主妇们每天都呆在家里;为了节省煤
和灯油,人们很早就睡了。由此, 我们可知,选项A是正确答案。
4. 答案D 解析:point 在这里可以理解成“有道理,有理由”所以,答案应
该是D.
5.解析:作者在文章中只 讲农村生活的变化,并未对农村生活进行评价,
所以作者的观点是中立的。因此答案是


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