英语三级阅读理解

赵文通学位英语解题方法指导—阅读理解


阅读理解试题的做题方 法我们称之为还原定位法，即把试题准确地在原文中进行定位，找到答案所在的句子。这种方法的运用有
三个步骤：
1.

2.

3.


先看试题，后读原文。
这样做既节省了时间，又提高了做题的效率和准确度。

对试题在原文中的位置进行模糊定位。
因为试题的出题顺序和文章的叙述顺序存在高度的一致性。

对试题在原文中的位置进行准确定位。
对试题在原文中的位置进行准确定位的前提是抓住 试题中的标志词和关键词。标志词主要包括①专有名词，是指表示人名、
地名和组织机构等的名词，这样 的名词在文章中一般都要大写；②表示时间或年代的词；③专业词汇，这样的词汇一般都是比
较难懂，一 般是我们不认识的词汇。关键词是指表达试题内容的中心词，一般是试题中的名词和名词词组。

[应用举例]

Scientists are racing to build the world’s first thinking robot．This is not science fiction：some say they will have made it by the year 2020.
Carol Packer reports.
Machines that walk，speak and feel are no longer science fiction．Kismet is the name of an android(机器人)which scientists have built at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT). (31)Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it Can show human emotions．Its eyes，
ears and lips move to show when it feels happy, sad or bored．Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids——robots that look like
human beings——which Can imitate human feelings．(32) Cog，another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of a mother．However,
scientists admit that So far Cog has the mental ability of a two—year—old．
(33)The optimists(乐观主义者)say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids(机器人)with brains similar to those of all adult
human being．These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public．What kind of jobs
will they do? (34)In the future，robots like Robonaut，a humanoid invented by NASA，will be doing dangerous jobs，like repairing space
stations．They will also be doing more and mom of the household work for us In Japan，scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by
dancing and playing the piano．
Some people worry about what the future holds：will robots become monsters(怪物)?Will people themselves become increasingly like
robots? Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro—computers，connected to the Internet，in the future．People will have
micro—chips in various parts of their body，which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets (小装置)．Perhaps we should not
exaggerate(夸大)the importance of technology，but one wonders whether，in years to come，we will still be falling in love，and whether we will
still feel pain．Who knows?

31. Kismet is different from traditional robots because
A. it thinks for itself
B. It is not like science fiction
C. it can look after two—year-old．
D. it seems to have human feelings．
解：本题的标志词是Kismet，关键词组是different from traditional robots，我们在文章第二段的第二句话中找到了试题在文章中的位置，
细细读这句话。选项D和这句话的意思是最接近的，因为第二句话中有这样一句it Can show human emotions，选项中的feelings和文
章中的emotions是同义词替换 ，这是阅读理解正确项的一个出题原则。因此是正确答案。

32. What makes Cog special?
A. It looks like a mother．
B. It behaves like a child．
C. It can imitate the behavior of a mother．
1 18

D. It has a huge brain．
解：本题的标志词是 Cog，接着读文章，在文中寻找关于Cog的论述。关于Cog的论述出现在31题所对应的原文的后面，只有 两句
话，仔细读完这两句话后，我们发现选项C和原文是对应的，只是文中的单词action被替换成 了他的同义词behavior，这是学位英语
考试中阅读理解选项设置的一个特点，即同义词替换。

33. In about 15 years’ time from now，robots
A. will become space designers．
B. will look like monsters．
C. will behave like animals．
D. will think like humans．
解：本题的标志词是表示时间的15 years’ time，在读文章是要注意文章中时间词出现的地方。
我们接着度第三段，读完以后，我们在文章中没有发现15 years’ time。但根据模糊定位 的原则，第三题所对应的原文就出现在第二题
所对应的原文的下面，我们再仔细读第三段。在第一句话中 ，只出现了时间词2020，题目问的是“从现在起15年以后，机器人会…”，
我们一经算计，15年 以后，那就是2020年了。所以题目是间接的提问，需要经过我们的计算。那么这道试题所对应的原文就是第三
段的前两句话，读完后我们发现选项D. will think like humans．和文章中的句子with brains similar to those of all adult human being．是最
接近的，选项D是对文章句子的同义改写，这又是阅读理解试题选项设置的一个原则。

34. In the future robots will also
A. explore space．
B. entertain people．
C. move much faster．
D. do all of the housework．
解：这道试题的标志词是表示时间的词组In the future。我们接 着第三题所对应的原文接着往下读，发现下面一句话中出现了这个表示
时间的词组，因此我们认定正确答 案就在这些句子之中。读完这些句子后我们发现选项B在这些句子的最后一句话中出现了。选项D
是不正 确选项，一般说来如果选项中出现比较绝对化的单词，如选项D中的all，以及every、each、the best等等，这个选项一般说来
都是错误的，这是阅读理解错误选项设置的一个原则。
35. What is the writer’s attitude to robots in the future?
A. Critical (批评的)
B. Hostile (敌意的)
C. Objective(客观的)
D. Enthusiastic (热情的，热心的)
解：这道提问的是作者对于将来计算机的态度。是最 后一道试题，根据模糊定位的原则，我们应当根据最后一段来答题，因为文章中
就剩下最后一段我们没有 读。现在读一下。从作者的叙述来看，并没有对将来计算机的利弊做出评价，文章是以一个疑问句结尾的：
who knows? 从这一点看来，作者的态度是客观的、中性的。因此选项C是正确答案。


A Good Couple Supports Each Other
Rodney Mace, 35, is married with two young children, and is a part-time teacher of architectural history, “I am constantly surprised by other
people’s surprise, when they come to the house and see me cleaning a floor or hanging out the washing. Their eyes open wide at the sight of it!
Much of the comment comes from men. But I am even more surprised at the number of women who comment too.”
His wife Jane, an Oxford graduate in modern languages, has a demanding full-time job. She is director of the Cambridge House literacy
scheme for adults in South London. Her working week involves several evenings and Saturdays, and at these times her husband is in sole charge
of home and family. Apart from this, they share household jobs and employ a child-minder for the afternoons. This enables him to teach two
days a week and to do what he considers his principal work: writing. He has written several books and spends much of his time in British
Museum Reading Room, cycling there from his home in Brixton.
2 18

People ask the Maces if they think their children miss them. One can argue that satisfied parents generally have satisfied children, but in any
case the Maces are careful to reserve time and energy to play with their children. “And they have now developed relationships with other adults
and children.”
Previously, Rodney Mace worked full-time and Jane only part-time. Then 18 months ago, the director of the literacy scheme left. “It seems to
me that Jane was very well suited to do this job. She was very doubtful about it. But I urged her to apply. She did and she got it.” Jane Mace
confirms that she needed this encouragement, as so many women initially do,
Did his male ego(自我，自己)suffer from the change- over? Nothing like that occurred. But he still seems amazed at the way it changed his
thinking. “I felt that we were finally going to be partners. I felt enormous relief, I wasn’t avoiding responsibility, but changing it. Our
relationship is so much better now. It has been a change for the good for both of us – in every aspect, I think it is fundamental that the woman
works. The idea of equal partnership is an illusion if one partner doesn’t work.”
1.

The article is about a couple whose married life is happier because___.
A.

they have a truly equal partnership
B.

the husband enjoy staying at home
C.

they earn more money
D.

the wife has a full-time job
2.

Jane finally decided to apply for her present job because____.
A.

she thought she had better qualification than others
B.

her husband persuaded her to
C.

it was very well paid
D.

some of her friends encouraged her to
3.

It is implied the passage that____.
A.

The Maces believe a good career is even more important than their family life
B.

Rodney’s children are quite happy with their position in the family
C.

Even capable women sometimes need encouragement from their families
D.

The practice of sharing household jobs between husband and wife is commonplace in London
4.

We can infer from this passage that a changeover of roles in the family ____.
A.

is quite necessary in modern life
B.

is probably based on some practical reasons
C.

aims solely at a complete emancipation of women
D.

shows women are not necessarily inferior to men
5.

Which of the following statements is true?
A.

Most Englishmen think that a husband should do more housework than a wife.
B.

In London the traditional idea about the sex role at home has been completely changed.
C.

Many Englishmen and Englishwomen still take it for granted that women are mainly in charge of home and family.
D.

English people believe that men should take more responsibilities for housework.

答案及分析：
1．

A 分析：该题考察考生理解主旨要义的能力。要想答好此题，必须对全文内容有清晰的了解。
2．

B 分析：该题考察考生获取具体信息的能力。答案可在倒数第二段 中获得。这是本讲当中的重点，大家可以以此
题为例体会一下这个题型。只要没有错过具体信息，做到此 题时准确找到问题的出处，出错的可能性不大。
3．

C 分析：该题考察考生推理，判断的能力。将在下一讲中提到。推理的基础是对全文的正确理解。
4．

B 分析：该题还是考察考生的推理判断能力。
5．

C 分析：该题还是考察考生的推理判断能力。


Mary Katherine Goddard and Declaration of Independence
3 18

If you look closely at some of the early copies of the Declaration of Independence, beyond the flourished signature of John Hancock and the
other 55 men who signed it, you will also find the name of one woman, Mary Katherine Goddard. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published
the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded(宣布，预示)the support of
all thirteen colonies.
Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty-four when her brother opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1762.
When her proceeded to get into trouble with his partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her mother who were left to run the shop. In
1765 they began publishing The Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper. Similar problems seemed to follow her brother as he opened
businesses in Philadelphia and again in Baltimore. Each time Ms. Goddard was brought in to run the newspapers. After starting Baltimore’s first
newspaper, The Maryland Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to organize a colonial postal service. While he was in debtor’s prison,
Mary Katherine Goddard’s name appeared in the newspaper’s masthead (报头) for the first time.
When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia in 1776, it commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first official version of the
Declaration of Independence in January 1777. After printing the documents, she herself paid the post riders to deliver the Declaration throughout
the colonies.
During the American Revolution, Mary Goddard continued to publish Baltimore’s only newspaper, which one historian claimed was “second
to none among the colonies.” She was also the city’s postmaster from 1775 to 1789 --- appointed by Benjamin Franklin –and is considered to be
the first woman to hold a federal position.
46.

With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
A.

The accomplishment of a female publisher.
B.

The weaknesses of the newspaper industry.
C.

The rights of a female publisher.
D.

The publishing system in colonial America.
47.

Mary Goddard’s name appears on the Declaration of Independence because____.
A.

She helped write the original document
B.

She published the document
C.

She paid to have the document printed
D.

Her brother was in prison
48.

According to the passage, Mary Goddard first became involved in publishing when she ____.
A.

was appointed by Benjamin Franklin
B.

signed the Declaration of Independence
C.

took over her brother’s printing shop
D.

moved to Baltimore
49.

The word “there” in paragraph 3 refers to____.
A.

the colonies
B.

the print shop
C.

Baltimore
D.

Providence
50.

It can be inferred from the passage that Mary Goddard was ____.
A.

an accomplished businesswoman
B.

extremely wealthy
C.

a member of the Continental Congress
D.

a famous writer

内容提示与分析：
作为《独立宣言》重签名的唯一女性，玛丽 为美国的独立做出了独特的贡献。本文叙述了她一生的经历从偶然进入出版界道到创办
巴尔的摩的第一份 报纸，从勇敢的印刷第一份官方版本的《独立宣言》到美国历史上首位拥有联邦公职的女性，这些无不显示了她超
人的能力与远见，纵览她一生的奋斗史，她的确无愧于“殖民地中第一人”的赞誉。

4 18

答案与分析：
56. A 分析：本题考察了对全 文的理解。开始从独立宣言的签名引出了玛丽的不平凡，然后介绍她创办报纸，印刷《独立宣言》，
最后 担任市邮政局局长。文章并没有介绍权力。出版系统的状况，也没有介绍出版工业的状况，故答案为A.
57. B 分析：本题有些隐蔽性。原文第二段最后说While he was in debtor’s prison, Mary Katherine Goddard’s name appeared in the
newspaper’s masthead (报头) for the first time.这说明在弟弟入狱后，她代替他继续经营报业，所以应选B，文章根本没有谈到 撰写文章，
付钱等事，所以A, C不符合题意，而D没有发掘出背后的信息。故答案为B。
58. C 分析：答案为第二段最后一句话，由for the first time可以知道答案，A, B所提到的事是在后期才做的，所以不合适，故答案为C。
59. C 分析：由第一段可以知道，玛丽印刷《独立宣言》，由第二段可以知道，他的印刷工作都在巴而的摩进行。A, B, D在文中都
没有提到。故答案为C。
60. A 分析：第一段只是提到她是签名 人之一，并没有说她是议员，所以C不对，也不能确定她是不是有钱，有名。从她的行为和
成就看，可以 肯定的是：她是一位取得了巨大成就的商业女性，故答案为A.


Teach Your Child to Wonder
Children start out as natural scientists, instinctively eager to investigate the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy,
there’s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children’s curiosity. Firstly, listen to their
questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a career. The children asked me “textbook questions” about
schooling, salary and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in science. Finally I said, “Now that we’re
finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “have you ever seen a grasshopper eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I got a stomachache.
Why? ”
This began a series of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past three decades have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only
one second or less for a response, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children
respond with more logical, complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child engaged in a science discussion, don’t jump in with “That’s right” or “Very good.”
These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior. But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is
over. Instead, keep things going by saying, “That’s interesting” or “I’d never thought of it that way before,” or coming up with more questions
or ideas.
Never urge a child to “Think”. It doesn’t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What’s more, this can turn
a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few as possible, so he will be a smaller target for your
disapproval.
Lastly, show, don’t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can extract from a book or a
television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass, and they’ll understand why you want them to wash before
dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates, set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
46.

In order to arouse children’s interest, the most important things for adults to do is ___.
A.

to encourage them by saying “That’s right frequently ”
B.

to share their curiosity
C.

to explain difficult phrases about science
D.

to offer their children lad devices
47.

The word “instinctively” in the first line can be replaced by ____.
A.

actively
B.

passionately
C.

impulsively
D.

interestingly
48.

According to the passage, children can give more logical, complete and creative answers n science discussion if adults ____.
A.

give them some hints
5 18

B.

encourage them by giving them prize
C.

urge them to think
D.

wait at least for three seconds after a question
49.

According to the fifth and sixth paragraphs, we may infer that ___.
A.

to praise does good to a child engaged in a science discussion
B.

a child will not think unless you urge him to do so
C.

more questions or ideas can keep science discussion going well
D.

parents’ language can not affect a child’s performance
50.

The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children’s curiosity except that adults should_____.
A.

tell their children stories instead of reciting facts
B.

offer their children the chance to see things for themselves
C.

be patient enough when their children answer questions
D.

encourage their children to ask questions of their own
内容提示与分析：
本文介绍如何教会孩子思考，大人应激发他们观察周围世界的兴趣，并与他 们分享这种好奇心。文章介绍了五个要点：第一是要
倾听他们的问题；第二要给他们思考的时间；第三要 注意自己的用语；第四不要刻意鼓励孩子去思考，因为这是没有用的；第五是应
通过行动而非言语来使孩 子明白道理。

答案及分析：
51. B 分析：从文章第一段第三句You only have to share your children’s curiosity可以知道答案。其他三个选项在文章中没有提到，或
与文意相反。故答案为B。
52. C 分析：instinctively的意思是“生来，本能的”，表达了“孩子生来就 像科学家”这层含义。故答案为C。
53. D 分析：本题考察的是对段落大意的把握，第四段最后一句When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children
respond with more logical, complete and creative answers.整是该段段意，其他三个选项在文章中没有提到。故答案为D。
54. C 分析：文章第五段提到But in talking about science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going第六段
又说不要刻意激励 孩子去思考。选项A不对，因为不能单纯的表扬孩子；选项B不对，因为其意义正好与原文相反；选项D不对，因
为从第五段可以知道适当的夸奖会起到良好的作用，但要注意方式，故答案为C.
55. A 分析：从上面的提示归纳出的几个要点可以看出，只有A没有谈到，故答案为A.


Poverty in Different Countries
In the United States during 1992, any family of four with an annual cash income of less than $$ 14, 335 (before taxes) was considered poor.
The dollar amount was called the poverty line, an economic measuring rod devised in 1964. The line was set at three times the amount needed to
provide the cheapest nutritionally balanced diet. The poverty line is adjusted annually for inflation.
While the poverty line in the United States was more than $$ 14, 000, the average annual per-person income in Bangladesh was $$ 200, in
Ethiopia $$ 130, in Haiti $$340, and In Mali 4 265. Anyone in those nations with an income of $$ 14, 000 would be considered wealthy. During the
Great Depression in the United States, when half the population was considered poor, a family with an income at the 1992 poverty line could
afford to buy a house, a car, clothing and food.
The reality of poverty varies with location and social and political conditions. Poverty basically means a lack of, or an insufficient amount of,
the three primary physical needs--- food, clothing, and shelter. But for poverty to be recognized, it must exist alongside prosperity. Before the
discovery of the New World, the American Indians would not have considered themselves poor, though they lived with only the bare necessities
and a few handmade artifacts(人工制品).
The severity of poverty varies, depending on the economic vitality of the nation in which it occurs. In the modern industrialized societies of
Western Europe, North America, and Japan, there are many government services provided to ease poverty --- including free medical care and
subsidized housing. The homeless of New York City and Los Angeles can usually find some shelter and a mission offering free meals.
46.

You would be considered poor in America if ____.
A.

You are out of a job.
6 18

B.

You earn less than three times the amount needed to provide the cheapest diet.
C.

You earn less than $$ 14, 335 (before taxes) per year.
D.

The amount of money you earn is below the current poverty line.
47.

The average annual cash income per person before taxes in the USA in 1992 was ____.
A. more than $$ 14, 000
B. $$200
C.

$$14,335
D. about $$3,580
48.

The purpose of the example of the American Indians given in the 3
rd
paragraph is to show that poverty is ____.
A. absolute
B. non-existent
C.

relative
D. never recognized
49.

Free medical care and subsidized housing most probably exist in ___ to relieve the poor and the needy.
A. Bangladesh
B. Haiti
C.

Canada
D. India
50.

Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. From 1929 to 1933, 50% of the American population lived in poverty.
B. Where there is prosperity, there is poverty.
C.

Poverty basically refers to a lack of clothing, housing and food.
D.

Anyone with an annual income around the 1992 American poverty line would be considered wealthy.

内容提示与分析：
本文主要讲述不同国家不同时期的贫困状况。由于科技水平 以及生活水平高低不同，不同的国家，甚至同一个国家，不同时期经济
状况不同，贫困线也不一样。

答案及分析：
46. A 分析：根据短文第一段的最后两句可知选项C太局 限了。因为题目问的是“如果…，在美国你可能被认为是贫穷的”，所以
14，335美金并不是唯一的 衡量标准，只有D符合题意.
47. A 分析：根据第一段第一句的文意，只有C才符合题目的要求，故答案为C。
48. B 分析：根 据文章第三段第一句，“贫穷随着当地的社会和政治条件的不同而不同”，只有relative符合题意，故答 案为B。
49. C 分析：根据文章最后一段中的In the modern industrialized societies of Western Europe, North America, and Japan, there are many
government services provided to ease poverty --- including free medical care and subsidized housing.，只有Western Europe(西欧)，North
America(北美 )和Japan(日本)才提供免费的医疗和补助住房，加拿大在北美，故答案为C。
50. D 分析：从文章第二段中的During the Great Depression in the United States, when half the population was considered poor, a family
with an income at the 1992 poverty line could afford to buy a house, a car, clothing and food.可以知道A不对。从文章第三段中的But for
poverty to be recognized, it must exist alongside prosperity.，可以知道B不对，从文章第三段中的Poverty basically means a lack of, or an
insufficient amount of, the three primary physical needs--- food, clothing, and shelter.可以知道C不对，故答案为D。


DNA
Each living cell contained the message EAT, GROW, SPLIT, AND PASS THIS MESSAGE ALONG. But how could cells
understand a message> they couldn’t read or write, so what form could these instructions take? For a long time this question baffled
(使困惑)scientists, and they worked hard to figure out how the messages of life were passed from generation to generation.
7 18

Then in 1953, four scientists solved the mystery. James Waston and Francis Crick, helped by the work of Maurice Wilkins and
Rosalind Franklin, figured out the structure if a super-molecule(超分子)called DNA (short for deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸的
缩略)，which contains the cell messages. The three men became world famous and won the Nobel Prize, which is one of the highest
honors a scientist can be awarded. But Rosalind Franklin died before people realized how important her work was.
Because DNA is too small to be seen under a microscope, the scientists had to figure out how the molecules that made DNA
were fitted together. They discovered that the DNA molecule looked like a twisted rope ladder (扭曲的绳梯), which they called a
double helix(双螺旋). The “rope” and “steps” of the DNA, they said, were made of four kinds of nucleotide (核甘)bases hooked
together in special ways that could carry the coed messages of life.
DNA is in the middle of all living cells. It acts as a memory and control for all growth and reproduction. Each “step” in the
twisted ladder is a coded “word” of instructions telling the cell how to build itself up step by step, and when to split in two.
When a cell divides, the DNA “unzip”(解开拉练) into two strands (串)，one for each new cells. Each DNA strand contains the
full message, and immediately starts building itself back to a double helix by using the chemicals “eaten” by the cells. Soon each cell
in the new generation has a full DNA molecule inside it, just like the one in its parent cell. Then the process of growth and division
starts all over again.
1. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Each living cell can take instructions.
B. The DNA molecule is a twisted rope ladder.
C. DNA acts as a memory and control center for all growth and reproduction.
D. DNA gave the first living cells the ability to split and started the amazing story of life.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. Rosalind Franklin won the Nobel Prize for her work on DNA
B. People did not solve the mystery of DNA until the year 1853
C. The discovery of DNA has exerted a profound influence on scientific world
D. Maurice Wilkins died before people realized how important his work was
3. According to the passage, the DNA molecule turns out to be ____.
A. a twisted rope ladder
B. “steps”
C. coded “words”
D. four kinds of nucleotide bases
4. The phrase “the coded messages of life” in the third paragraph can be best replaced by _____.
A. the instructions to eat, grow, split and to pass this message along
B. the process of cell growth and cell division
C. the instructions to build itself up
D. the instructions to split itself in two
5. In the final analysis, a double helix signifies____.
8 18

A. the chemicals “eaten” by the cell
B. the structure of a super-molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid
C. the two strands, one for each new cell
D. the parent cell and the body cells
内容提示与分析：
本文主要围绕DNA讲述了一些生物技术的知识。文章开头提出的问题是：为什么生命信息从一代传向下一代？科 学家发现DNA
正是秘密所在。随后介绍了DNA的双螺旋结构。DNA处于活细胞的中心，象个记忆库 记忆着信息；最后介绍了DNA通过自我复制生
成新的DNA的过程。
答案及分析：
1. B
分析：文章第三段第二句提到：“They discovered that the DNA molecule looked like a twisted rope ladder, which they called a
double helix.” DNA 只是看起来像绳子，并非说它真是如此。选项B混淆了事实与比喻。故答案为B。
2. C
分析：由文章第二段可知，科学家获得了诺贝尔奖，可见其成就的重要性。尤其在最后一句明确指出 他们工作的重要性，所以C
正确。A不对，因为弗兰克林在获奖之前已经去世；B不对，1953年只是 发现了DNA，并不意味着完全了解了其秘密；D也不对，与
原文不符。故答案为C。
3. D
分析：由文章第三段最后一句“The rope and steps of the DNA, they said, were made of four kinds of nucleotide bases hooked
together in special ways that could carry the coded messages of life 可知答案，故答案为D。”
4. A
分析：本体的答案就是第一段第一句：“Each living cell contained the message EAT, GROW, SPLIT, AND PASS THIS
MESSAGE ALONG.”之所以选A,是因为它包含的内容最全面，而B, C D三个选项都仅说到了问题的一个方面，故答案为A.
5. B
分析：本题考察对文章的推理。由第三段中的“… which contains the cell messages.”可知答案，双螺旋结构就是指DNA的结构。
故答案为B。


Water Pollution
Water problem in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously
increase urban wasters, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount
of water available for building wasters. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will
produce larger volume of liquid wasters, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding
population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is
apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease
their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wasters “prior to” disposal and the treatment of liquid wasters, or effluents,
to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.
9 18

A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a
nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients
contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as
meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are
exploring potential; economic uses for their waste products.
1. The purpose of this passage is _____.
A. to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems
B. to alert the reader the dwindling water supply
C. to explain industrial uses of water
D. to demonstrate various uses of water
2. Which of the following points is NOT included in the passage?
A. Expanding industries need larger volume of water.
B. Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.
C. Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.
D. Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processing.
3. The word “prior to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean____.
A. during B. after C. before D. beyond
4. The reader can conclude that_____.
A. Countries of the world will work together on pollution problems.
B. Some industries are now making economic use of wastes
C. Byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace
D. Science is making great progress on increasing water supplies
5. The author gives substance to the passage through the use of ____.
A. interviews with authorities in the field of water controls
B. definitions which clarify important terms
C. opinions and personal observations
D. strong arguments and persuasions
内容提示与分析：
这是一篇介绍水污染以及水污染解决办法的文章。全文可以分为两个部分：第一部分主要介绍水污染越来越严重， 比如人口剧
增使城市污水增加，工业扩大使含有害化学物质的污水增加。为了解决这些问题，必须采取一 定的方法；第二部分主要介绍了两个解
决方法，第一个方法是处理污水以降低其危害，废水再利用。第二 个方法是经济有效的利用污水。比如农业灌溉和提供工业用水。
答案及分析：
1. A
10 18

分析：这篇文章主要介绍污水的现状以及治理方法。A包含 这层意思；B警告读者要缩减水的供应，原文没有这个意思；C解释
水在工业上的应用，太片面；D 演示水的不同用法，文中只是介绍污水的使用。故答案为A.
2. D
分析：原文中“Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger
volume of liquid wasters,” 刚好与答案D的论述相反，所以文章一定没有包含D这个选项的内容。其他选项在文章中都可以找到。故
答案为D。
3. C
分析：按照常理推断，处理污水应该先过滤掉固体物质， 然后再对剩下的液体进行处理，所以“prior to”一定是“在…之前”的意思，
另外，在文章的第二段的末尾有“minimize pollution upon final disposal”,与前面的“disposal”相对应，应 该可以分析出，这个“disposal”
是“final”的，所以“prior to”是“在…之前”的意思。故答案为C。
4. B
分析：这几个选项说得 都没有错，但是能够从文章中推断出来的只有B。A文章没有提及国家间的合作；C文章指说明副产品可
以进入市场，但是不一定会带来市场的繁荣；D文章关于水供给的论述几乎没有，故答案为B。
5. C
分析：从全文来看，作者只是在表达个人的观点以及陈述个人观察的结果，并没有采访专家；也不是 在争论驳斥，劝服他人；
更不是在界定一个重要的术语，故答案为C。


Job and Dream
My father was foreman of s sugar-cane plantation in Rio piedras, puerto Rico. My first job was to drive the oxen that plowed
the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $$1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food
breaks.
It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners
were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. I’ve never been late for any job since. I also
learned about being respectful and loyal to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to
day I was sick just because I didn’t want to work.
I was only six years old, but I was doing a man’s job. our family needed every dollar we could make because my father
never earned more than $$18 a week. our home was a three-room wood shack with a dirt floor and no toilet. Nothing made me
prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self- esteem, one of the
most important things a person can have.
When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as
they landed so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never miss one. Some nights I would lie in bed
and dream of making thousands of dollars playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.
The more I dreamed, the more I thought, why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb and a piece of pipe. Then I
hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. I
practiced with the same devotion and intensity I learned working in the field – except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen
with a broomstick.
1. What was the writer’s first job?
A. to stand down the fairway at a golf course.
B. To spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them.
11 18

C. To drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields.
D. To watch the sugar-cane plantation.
2. The word “tedious” in paragraph 2 most probably means ____.
A. hard
B. boring
C. interesting
D. long
3. What did the writer learn about from his first job?
A. He could work as hard as possible.
B. He could go to work on time.
C. He should never fail to go to work.
D. He should be respectful and loyal to the people he works for.
4. What gave the writer self-esteem?
A. Having a big family.
B. Bringing money back home to help the family.
C. Helping his father with the work.
D. All of the above.
5. What was the writer’s dream while working at a golf course?
A. Making a lot of money by playing golf.
B. Becoming a successful golfer.
C. Running a golf course near his house.
D. Both A & B.
内容提示与分析
本文作者回忆了自己年幼时的两次工作经历以及当时的梦想，这是一个交织着辛酸与幸福的故事，令人感到心灵的 触动。全
文分两个层次：第一层次讲述了作者的第一份工作---在农田里赶牛犁地。这份工作虽然单调 劳累，却使作者为生活做好了准备，给他
上了终身受用的一课。最重要的是，使他为自己那贫困的家庭赚 了点钱，这给予了作者人生最宝贵的东西---自尊。第二层讲述了他的
第二份工作---在高尔夫球场 捡球。在努力工作中，作者梦想成为成功的高尔夫球手，能为自己买辆单车。怀着这样的梦想，年幼时的
作者用自制的一个简易破烂的高尔夫球杆，以他在农田工作时学到的投入精神和热情进行着练习。
答案及分析：
1. C
分析：作者在第一段的第二句提到：My first job was to drive the oxen that plowed the cane fields.我的第一份工作便是赶着牛
犁甘蔗地。很明显，C符合文章内容；A守候在高 尔夫球场的球道上；B当球着地时辨认出来，以便高尔夫球手找到他们。在高尔夫
球场的工作虽然作者也 做过，但并不是作者的第一份工作，故答案为C。
2. B
12 18

分析：文章第二段开始提到：It was very tedious work, but I prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.这份工
作虽然很令人厌烦，但是使我对生活做好了准备， 为我上了终身受益的一课.从but一词可以看出这句话明显带有转折的语气，显然
tedious的语 气与后面“我” 的收获相反，是否定的语气。上文提到，I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $$1
a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food b reaks.我得在一头牛后面慢慢走，用一根帚柄引导它。一天一美元，我要一直工作
8小时，没有用 餐休息时间。这项工作劳动强度虽然不大，但是却是很单调乏味。A困难的，艰苦的；B 令人生厌的；C有趣的；D
漫长的，故答案为B。
3. D
分析：文章第二段提到：I also learned about being respectful and loyal to the people you work for.我也学会了应该尊敬并忠实于你为之工作的人。A他应尽可能努力的工作；B他应该准时上班；C他绝不能上班缺勤；这些选项在文中 也提到过，都是在种植
园主的监视下作者的实际做法，但并不符合本题的意思。作者在文中提出，在这一 份工作中实际学到的便是尊敬和忠实于雇主。故答
案为D。
4. B
分析：文章第三段最后提到：Nothing made me prouder than bringing money home to help my mother, father, two brothers,
and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem, one of the most important things a person can have.没有什么比拿钱回家帮助我的母亲，
父亲，两个兄弟和三个姐妹更令 我感到骄傲的了。这给我带来了自尊---一个人所能拥有的最重要的东西之一。很明显使作者感到自尊
的是能赚钱帮助家人。A并非是作者感到自尊的原因；C也不甚准确；D前面提到的答案都对，这显然也不符合题 目意思。故答案为
B。
5. D
分析：文章第四段最后提到：Some nights I would lie in bed and dream of making thousands of dollars playing golf and being
able to buy a bicycle.多少个夜晚我躺在床上，梦想着 我通过打高尔夫球挣到成千上万的美元，能够买一辆自行车。C在他房子附近经
营一个高尔夫球场，文章 没提到；A打高尔夫球挣许多钱；B成为一个成功的高尔夫球手。A和B均符合文章的意思，故答案为D。


Beautiful Wuyishan Mountain
“The beauty of Wuyishan Mountain will amaze you,” my Chinese friends said when told I would visit the nature reserve of
Wuyishan Mountain. While I was impatient to verify their comments, I was skeptical (怀疑的). As a Canadian I am accustomed to
large acres of greenery and vast forest.
But now, I must confess my impression was wrong. I was not aware that a nature reserve could embody such splendid
scenery and offer such starting glimpse of history and ancient culture, in a country of 1.2 billion inhabitants, I have discovered the
marvel of a nature coexists in harmony and where modern life does not disrupt (打断)the rhythm of nature.
The reserve is divided into four zones foe protection and conservation which offer unique characteristics: the conservation
zone of the Jiuquxi River in the center, the natural and cultural zone in the east, and finally, the ruins of the imperial Minyue City of
the Han Dynasty in the village of Chengcun. These zones formed a total environment, which since 1987 has been recognized as
part of the global network Man and Biosphere. To further promote preservation of this site, china has requested that Wuyishan
Mountain reserve be listed as a Natural and Cultural World Heritage site of UNESCo (联合国教科文组织).
1. What’s the author’s reaction after he heard that “the beauty of Wuyishan Mountain will amaze you”?
A. Eager to verify but doubtful.
B. Eager to appreciate the beauty.
C. Doubtful of its real beauty.
D. Indifferent and skeptical.
13 18

2. What does the word “confess” mean?
A. Conclude
B. Confer
C. Accept
D. Admit
3. According to the passage, what is the characteristic of Wuyishan Mountain?
A. Greenery and vast forests
B. Harmonious coexistence of man and nature
C. Splendid scenery
D. Rhythm of nature
4. What’s the zone in the west known for?
A. Nature beauty
B. Cultural diversity
C. Ecological conservation
D. Conservation of biodiversity
5. What does the word “biosphere” mean?
A. Atmosphere
B. Circumstance
C. Nature
D. Ecology
内容提示与分析：
作者以一个加拿大人 的视角继续了自己游武夷山的感受。他抱这热切却怀疑的心态游览了武夷山保护区，发现武夷山不但景色
优美而且重视了历史。作者认为武夷山景区是自然与现代生活的和谐共存体。保护区根据其不同特色分为四个部分 ：西部的生物多样
性保护带；中部的九曲溪生态保护带；东部的自然文化带以及程村的汉代皇家民乐城遗 址。中国政府已经申请将武夷山保护区列入联
合国教科文组织的世界自然文化遗产名录。
答案及分析：
1. A
分析：本题是文章原句的改写。第一段的“While I was impatient to verify their comments, I was skep tical.”意思是“词是我就迫不
及待的想验证他们的话，我有点怀疑。”选项A是这句话的一个概 括。根据这句话，作者并不是急着想去欣赏武夷山的美，而只是想去
验证朋友的话是否正确，故B错。作 者是有点怀疑，但同时还是很急切的，所以C只说对了其中的一个方面，说法并不全面。作者去
游武夷山 的心情还是很急切的，并不是indifferent漠不关心，所以D错。故答案是A.
2. D
分析：confess意思是“承认，坦白”，显然admit是它的同义词。A conclude结束，终止，做出结论；B confer授予（称号，学
位等），赠与，把…赠与，协议；C accept接受，所以答案是D。
14 18

3. B
分析：本题也是原文的改写。第二段的“I have discovered the marvel of a nature coexists in harmony and where modern life
does not disrupt the rhythm of nature.”意思是“我发现了现代生活与自然的节奏和谐共存的奇迹。”选 项A意思是“草木和广袤的森林”，
明天不符合文意；选项C“秀美的景色”虽然也是武夷山的特点，但 是不够准确；D“自然的节奏”显然没有切中要点，只有B“人与自然的
和谐共存”是原文的改写，最为 全面准确。
4. D
分析：本体在原文中也可以找到答案，即“the conservation zone of biodiversity in the west.”意思是“西部的生物多样性保护带”。
对应的选项就是D. Conservation of biodiversity.“生物多样性的保护”。A 自然之美；B 文化的多样性；C 生态保护
5. C
分析：biosphere意思是“生物圈”，显然nature是最接近的选项。 前问题到武夷山时是一方面讲人文，一方面讲自然环境。而
biosphere所在的句子中出现的是“ Man and Biosphere”;所以说biosphere涉及的是自然环境。A atmosphere大气层；B circumstance
环境；D ecology生态学。故答案为C。


Fighting Against Water
For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their main enemy is the sea. A large part if the
country is below sea level. In fact, Holland is also called the “Netherlands” which means “low land.” Very tall and strong walls, called
dykes, have built to keep out the sea. But in very rough weather the sea may suddenly burst through a dyke. Great damage can be
caused by floods when this happens.
Three large rivers are also part of the problem. These rivers are the Rhine, the Maas and the Scheldt. They flow through
Holland into the North Sea. They have cut many passages across the country. At low tides, the rivers flow into the sea as usual. But
at high tide, the sea can flow into the rivers! This is because the land is so low.
The battles against the water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and bigger country. In order to prevent floods,
the engineers take, or reclaim, land that was under water. The Dutch have been reclaiming land for seven hundred years.
Land is usually reclaimed from a passage between islands. Two dykes are built across the passage, so they block the
water between them. Then the engineers dig long canals and pump the water into them. At low tide, the canals empty the water into
the sea.
Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. For this reason, the pumps
continue working even the land has been drained (that is, when the water has been pumped away). The dykes contain gates, and
through these the water is pumped out. In many parts of Holland, pumps must be working all the time. If they stopped, there will be
very bad floods.
A piece of reclaimed land is called polder, and Holland has thousands of polders. Some are very large, but others are quite
small. There are farms on many of the polders. Corn and other crops grow well on the drained land, and it gives good grass for cattle.
Many small towns and villages stand on polders. Even Amsterdam’s great airport, Schiphol, was built on reclaimed land. This land
used to be under the old Lake Haarlem.
1. Water is the main threat to Holland because ____.
A. the sea is too rough
B. the land is lower than the sea
C. the high and strong dykes can not keep the floods out
15 18

D. the weather is too rough
2. “Netherlands” means ____.
A. high land
B. land of water
C. low land
D. land of dykes
3. Holland is threatened not only by the sea, but also by ____.
A. the floods from broken dykes
B. the three rivers
C. the sea tides
D. many passages the three rivers have cut across the country
4. The Holland claim land from the sea in order to ____.
A. prevent floods
B. make their country larger
C. make their country more beautiful
D. have more farmland
5. If pumps stop working there will be very floods because _____.
A. the water will run back at high tide
B. the sea may break the dykes in rough weather
C. the battle against water will never end
D. the land is too low and water can rise up through the drained land
6. The word “polder” means ____.
A. a piece of newly-claimed land
B. a small island
C. a newly built dyke
D. a long canal
内容提示与分析：
本文主要介绍了荷兰人与洪涝灾害斗争的情况。第一段讲述荷兰大部分地 区的海拔都在海平面以下，所以经常遭洪灾，损失
惨重。第二段讲述三条大河也是一大问题。第三段讲述 荷兰人通过占有或重新收回水下的土地来扩大领土。第四段讲述荷兰人如何重
新收回水下的土地。第五段 讲述水泵必须不停的工作，以确保荷兰的安全。第六段讲述重新收回的土地（即开拓地）起着重要的作用。
答案及分析：
1. B
16 18

分析：第一段中提到：Their main enemy is the sea. A large part of the country is below sea level.他们主要的敌人就是海洋。
国家大部分地区都在海平面以下。故答案为B.
2. C
分析: 第一段中提到：… Netherland which means “low land”.由此可以得出结论，所以选C.
3. B
分析: 第二段开头提到：Three large rivers are also part of the problem.三条大河也是一个问题。所以选B
4. B
分析: 第三段开头提到：The battle against the water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and bigger county.与
洪水的斗争一直没有停，但这使荷兰成为越来越大的国家。所以选B.
5. D
分析：第五段开头提到：Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. 选项D
正是这句话的改写。
6. A
分析: 最后一段提到：A piece of reclaimed land is called polder.重新收回的土地叫开拓地。所以答案是A.


Save Your Big Pounds
Great books at big, big savings.
Yes! That’s what you get with this big-value introduction to World Books. Choose any four of the books shown here from as little as 25p each,
plus a total of $$ 1.95 towards postage and packing and you could save as much as $$ 97 on the publisher’s prices.
A great deal more for a whole lot less!
With World Books you’ll go on saving $$$$$$s as a member. Each month your free magazine is packed with popular books at huge savings. The
Editor’s Choice is often HALF the publisher’s price, and it’s always a best seller by a top author. There are also dozens of other super books ---
fact and fiction --- at never less than 25 per cent off publisher’s price, sometimes up to as much as 50 per cent. Great choice … great authors …
and savings all the way.
With World Books You are spoilt for choice. All today’s favorite authors, all their biggest bestsellers. The latest on cookery, gardening and
other popular hobbies. Books to entertain your children, and to help older ones with their homework and school project. Atlases, dictionaries and
encyclopedias. Books full of timesaving, money saving tips. And many more… all at savings you’ll find very hard to beat!
In return for your great introductory savings and the big discounts you’ll enjoy as a member, all we ask is that you choose at least one book a
month during your first sis months. After, it’s up to you how many, or how few, you choose.
See the books at home but send no money now.
Pick your introductory books and write their numbers in the boxes on the coupon.（优惠券） But please don’t send any money now. Look at
the books at home first and see for yourself the value you’re getting!
46. The passage is an advertisement for _____.
A.

a publishing company
B.

a mail order club
C.

a city library
D.

a street book store
47. One of the many features of World Books is ____.
A.

discounts are often 80 per cent.
B.

There are more benefits the longer you belong to the club
C.

You have chances to win large prices
D.

You get a free magazine
17 18

48. World Books seems to appeal mostly to ____.
A.

average families
B.

science fiction lovers
C.

people with academic interests
D.

such people as pop singers or baseball fans
49. First year members of World Books _____.
A.

have to buy books each month
B.

must buy more than six books in the year
C.

are entitles to a number of free books
D.

have to buy a minimum number of books
50. How can members receive their special offer?
A.

By competing a printed form.
B.

By writing an application letter to World Books
C.

By filling your coupons into boxes.
D.

By sending a personal checks.
答案及分析：
1.

B
分析：该题考察考生推理判断的能力。原文中有种种迹象表明World Book是一个邮购书的俱乐部。如：第二段提到了…plus a total of
$$1.95 towards postage and packing…我们知道postage(邮资)和packin g(包裹)都是邮寄物品时才用到的词。从第三段的第二句话也可以看
出来。
2.

D
分析：此题考察的是细节。答案就在上题中提到的第三段第二句话。另外也可以用排除法： A提到了折扣，课文提到的是never less than
25 per cent,并不是选项中的often 80%. B, C都没有在文中提及，注意识别这类干扰项。
3.

A
分析：此题考察考生判断推理的能力。大家可以看第五段第三句，这句话中提到：the lasted on cookery, gardening, and other popular hobbies,
从这句话可以推断一般的家庭会对这些书籍感兴趣。
4.

D
分析：此题有一定的难度。我们采取排除法。A 的错误之处在于并不是每个月，而是千半 年的每个月；B这种情况不一定，假设前半
年每个月至少买一本书（all we ask is that you choose at least one book a month during your first six months）,有可能以后每个月都不买（after,
it’s up to you how many, or how few, you choose）,也就是说不买也是允许的，如果是这种情况，这一年买的书就不是more than 6了；D
属于典型的无中生有的干扰项，文中并未提及。所以D是正确选项。意思是：World Book的会员在第一年一定要买够最低限度的书。
5.

B
分析：这又是一个细节题。从最后一段第一句可以找到答案。

18 18