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2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目名称：翻译硕士英语（□A卷
√
B卷）科目代码：211
考试时间：3小时 满分 100 分
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Part I. Vocabulary and
Grammar (20 points, 1 point for each)
Directions: There are 20 statements in this
section. After each
statement there are four
choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one
choice that best completes the statement.
Write your answers on your
answer sheet.
1. Among all the changes resulting from the
_________ entry of women into the
work force,
the transformation that has occurred in the women
themselves is
not the least important.
A. massive B.
quantitative
C. surplus
D. formidable
2. No one can function properly
if they are _________ of adequate sleep.
A.
deprived B. ripped
C. stripped D. contrived
3. After four years in the same job his
enthusiasm finally _________.
A.
deteriorated B. dispersed
C. dissipated D. drained
4. There is supposed to be a safety _________
which makes it impossible for
trains to
collide.
A. appliance
B. accessory
C. machine
D. mechanism
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5.
There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons,
but my favorite time is the
_________ from
fall to winter.
A. transmission
B. transformation
C. transition
D. transfer
6. Now a paper in Science argues
that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly
from _________ on earth rather than bacteria
on Mars.
A. configuration
B. constitution
C. condemnation
D. contamination
7. Whether you live to eat or
eat to live, food is a major _________ in every
family?s budget.
A. nutrition
B. expenditure
C. routine
D. provision
8. Fiber-optic cables can carry
hundreds of telephone conversations _________.
A. simultaneously B.
spontaneously
C. homogeneously
D. contemporarily
9. Rumours are everywhere,
spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning
calm situations into _________ ones.
A.
turbulent B. tragic
C. vulnerable D.
suspicious
10. The _________ cycle of life and
death is a subject of interest to scientists and
philosophers alike.
A. incompatible
B. exceeding
C. instantaneous
D. eternal
11. Little Jim should love
_________ to the theatre this evening.
A.
to be taken B. to take
C. being taken D. taking
12. _________ a reply, he decided to write
again.
第 2 页 共 13 页
A. Not
receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having
not received
13. --- I _________ so busily
recently that I _________ no time to help you with
your maths. --- That?s OK. I can manage it by
myself.
A. had been working; had had
B. have worked; had
C. am working; will have
D. have been working; have
14. By this time
next month, I __________ the task _________ to me
last mouth.
A. have finished, given
B. will have finished, to be given
D. have finished, to be given C. will have
finished, given
15. While people may refer to
television for up-to-the-minute news, it is
unlikely
that television _________ the
newspaper completely.
A. have replaced
C. will replace
B.
replace
D. replaced
16. The hours _________ the children spend in
their one-way relationship with
television
people undoubtedly affect their relationship with
real-life people.
A．that
B．when
C．in which
D．on which
17. We should often practise
_________ English with each other.
A. to speak
B. speak
C. to speaking
D. speaking
18. Bread and butter _________
what Americans usually have for breakfast.
A.
are B. is
C.
were D. was
19.
There _________ nothing more for discussion, the
meeting came to an end
half an hour earlier.
A. being B. is
C. are D. been
第
3 页 共 13 页
20. What a table! I?ve
never seen such a thing before. It is _________ it
is long.
A. half not as wide as
B. not half as wide as
C. as half not wide
as D. not as half wide as
Part II. Error Correction (10 points, 1 point
for each)
Directions: This part consists of
a short passage. In this passage, there
are
altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.
You are required to
change a word, add a word
or delete a word. If you add a word, put an
insertion mark (Λ) in the right place and
write the missing word in the
corresponding
blank on your answer sheet. If you delete a word,
cross it
and put a slash () in the
corresponding blank on your answer sheet. If you
change a word, cross it and put your word in
the corresponding blank on
your answer sheet.
Remember to write the correct number beside each
blank on the answer sheet.
Internet
jargon, or “netspeak”, is popular to young people.
21. ___________
It can be fun, convenient and,
sometimes, vulgar. That vulgarity
came on fire
in a new official report. On Oct 15, the Ministry
22. ___________
of Education released off a
Chinese language report for 2014. 23.
___________
While affirming the negative role
of some netspeak catchwords, 24. ___________
the report also called for the regulation of
offensive Internet lingo.
According to the
report, words like diaosi, or loser, epitomize
the rude netspeak what has blanketed the
Internet. Even some 25. ___________
medium outlets are using these words, said the
report. “These 26. ___________
vulgar words
amplify the negative emotions of some Web usages
27. ___________
and pollute the online
community,” said an opinion piece by
Xinhua. Behind every trend that lies a social
or psychological 28. ___________
need,
though. The popularity of vulgar Internet lingo
results
from a tendency that the use of these
vulgar words seen 29. ___________
as
a mean of entertainment, the Workers? Daily
pointed out. 30. ___________
Part
III. Reading Comprehension (40 points, 2 point
for each)
Directions: Read the following
passages and answer the questions.
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页
Choose the most appropriate
answer for each question and circle the
letter
on the answer sheet. Remember to write the
letter
corresponding
to the question
number.
Questions 31-35 are based on the
following passage:
In spite of “endless talk
of difference,” American society is an amazing
machine
for homogenizing people. There is “the
democratizing uniformity of dress and
discourse, and the casualness and absence of
difference” characteristic of popular
culture.
People are absorbed into “a culture of
consumption” launched by the
19th-century
department stores that offered “vast arrays of
goods in an elegant
atmosphere. Instead of
intimate shops catering to acknowledgeable elite.”
these were
stores “anyone could enter,
regardless of class or background. This turned
shopping
into a public and democratic act.”
The mass media, advertising and sports are other
forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are
quickly fitting into this common culture, which
may not be
altogether elevating but is hardly
poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration
Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today?s
immigration is neither at
unprecedented level
nor resistant to assimilation. In1998 immigrants
were 9.8 percent
of population; in 1900, 13.6
percent .In the10 years prior to 1990, 3.1
immigrants
arrived for every 1,000 residents;
in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.
Now, consider three indices of assimilation-
language, home ownership and
intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of
immigrants from each of the fifteen
most
common countries of origin spoke English ?well? or
?very well? after ten years of
residence.” The
children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and
proficient in English.
“By the third
generation, the original language is lost in the
majority of immigrant
families.” Hence the
description of America as a “graveyard” for
languages. By 1996
foreign-born immigrants who
had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate
of
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75.6 percent,
higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-
born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and
Hispanics（西班牙语国家的人；拉美裔人） “have
higher rates of
intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and
blacks.” By the third
generation, one third of
Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and
41 percent
of Asian-American women are married
to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children
in remote villages around the world are fans of
superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and
Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans
fear that
immigrants living within the United States remain
somehow immune to the
nation?s assimilative
power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets
of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is
big enough to have a bit of everything. But
particularly when viewed against
America?s
turbulent past, today?s social indices hardly
suggest a dark and deteriorating
social
environment.
31. The word “homogenizing”(Line
2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.
A. identifying
B. associating
C.
assimilating
D. monopolizing
32.
According to the author, the department stores of
the 19thcentury________.
A. played a role in
the spread of popular culture
B. became
intimate shops for common consumers
C.
satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite
D. owed its emergence to the culture of
consumption
33. The text suggests that
immigrants now in the U.S. ________.
A. are
resistant to homogenization
B. exert a great
influence on American culture
C. are hardly
a threat to the common culture
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D. constitute the majority of
the population
34. Why are Arnold
Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in
Paragraph 5?
A. To prove their popularity
around the world
B. To reveal the public?s
fear of immigrants
C. To give examples of
successful immigrants
D. To show the
powerful influence of American culture
35. In
the author?s opinion, the absorption of immigrants
into American society is____.
A. rewarding
B. successful
C. fruitless
D.
harmful
Questions 36-40 are based on the
following passage:
A white kid sells a bag of
cocaine at his suburban high school. A Latino kid
does
the same in his inner-city neighborhood.
Both get caught. Both are first-time offenders.
The white kid walks into juvenile court with
his parents, his priest, a good lawyer-and
medical coverage. The Latino kid walks into
court with his mom, no legal resources
and no
insurance. The judge lets the white kid go with
his family; he?s placed in a
private treatment
program. The minority kid has no such option. He?s
detained.
There, in a nutshell, is what
happens more and more often in the juvenile-court
system. Minority youths arrested on violent
felony charges in California are more than
twice as likely as their white counterparts to
be transferred out of the juvenile-justice
system and tried as adults, according to a
study released last week by the Justice Policy
Institute, a research center in San Francisco.
Once they are in adult courts, young black
offenders are 18 times more likely to be
jailed —— and Hispanics（西班牙语国家的
人；拉美裔人）seven
times more likely —— than are young white
offenders.
“Discrimination against kids of
color accumulates at every stage of the justice
system
and skyrockets when juveniles are,
tried as adults,” says Dan Macallair, a co-author
of
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the new study.
“California has a double standard: throw kids of
color behind bars, but
rehabilitate white kids
who commit comparable crimes.”
Even as
juvenile crime has declined from its peak in the
early 1990s, headline
grabbing violence by
minors has intensified a get-tough attitude. Over
the past six
years, 43 states have passed laws
that make it easier to try juveniles as adults. In
Texas
and Connecticut in 1996, the latest year
for which figures are available, all the
juveniles in jails were minorities. Vincent
Schiraldi, the Justice Policy Institute?s
director, concedes that “some kids need to be
tried as adults. But most can be
rehabilitated.”
Instead, adult prisons
tend to brutalize juveniles. They are eight times
more
likely to commit suicide and five times
more likely to be sexually abused than
offenders held in juvenile detention. “Once
they get out, they tend to commit more
crimes
and more violent crimes,” says Jenni Gainsborough,
a spokeswoman for the
Sentencing Project, a
reform group in Washington. The system, in
essence, is training
career criminals. And
it?s doing its worst work among minorities.
36. From the first paragraph we learn that
_________.
A. the white kid is more lucky
than the minority kid
B. the white kid has
got a lot of help than the minority kid
C.
the white kid and minority kid has been treated
differently
D. the minority kid should be
set free at once
37. According to the passage,
which of the following is TRUE?
A. Kids
shouldn?t be tried as adults
B.
Discrimination exists in the justice system
C. Minority kids are likely to commit crimes
D. States shouldn?t pass the laws
38. The word
“skyrocket” (Line 9, Paragraph 2) means ________.
A. rising sharply
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B. widening suddenly
C.
spreading widely
D. expanding quickly
39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph
that ________.
A. something seems to be
wrong with the justice system
B. adult
prisons have bad influence on the juveniles
C. juveniles in adult prison are ill-treated
D. the career criminals are trained by the system
40. The passage shows that the author is
_________ the present situation.
A. amazed
at
B. puzzled by
C. disappointed at
D. critical of
Questions 41-45 are based
on the following passage:
Habits are a funny
thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our
brains on
auto-pilot and relaxing into the
unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not
choice,
but habit rules the unreflecting
creatures,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th
century. In the ever-changing 21st century,
even the word “habit” carries a negative
meaning.
So it seems contradictory to talk
about habits in the same context as innovation.
But brain researchers have discovered that
when we consciously develop new habits,
we
create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain
cells, that can jump our trains of
thought
onto new, innovative tracks.
Rather than
dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of
habit, we can
instead direct our own change by
consciously developing new habits. In fact, the
more
new things we try, the more creative we
become.
But don?t bother trying to kill off
old habits; once those ruts of procedure are
第
9 页 共 13 页
worn into the brain,
they?re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we
deliberately press
into ourselves create
parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
“The first thing needed for innovation is
attraction to wonder,” says Dawna
Markova,
author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught
instead to ?decide?, just as our
president
calls himself ?the Decider?.” She adds, however,
that “to decide is to kill off
all
possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker
is always exploring the many
other
possibilities.”
“All of us work through
problems in ways of which we?re unaware,” she
says.
Researchers in the late 1960s discovered
that humans are born with the ability to
approach challenges in four primary ways:
analytically, procedurally, collaboratively
and innovatively. At the end of adolescence,
however, the brain shuts down half of that
ability, preserving only those ways of thought
that have seemed most valuable during
the
first decade or so of life.
The current
emphasis on standardized testing highlights
analysis and procedure,
meaning that few of us
use our innovative and collaborative ways of
thought. “This
breaks the major rule in the
American belief system — that anyone can do
anything,”
explains M. J. Ryan, author of the
2006 book This Year I Will … and Ms. Markova?s
business partner. “That?s a lie that we have
preserved, and it fosters commonness.
Knowing
what you?re good at and doing even more of it
creates excellence.” This is
where developing
new habits comes in.
41. The view of
Wordsworth habit is claimed by being_________.
A. casual B. familiar C. mechanical
D. changeable.
42. The researchers have
discovered that the formation of habit can be
_________.
A. predicted B. regulated
C. traced D. guided
43. “ ruts”(in
line one, paragraph 4) has closest meaning
to_________.
A. tracks B. series
C. characteristics D. connections
44. Dawna
Markova would most probably agree that _______.
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A. ideas are
born of a relaxing mind
B. innovativeness
could be taught
C. decisiveness derives from
fantastic ideas
D. curiosity activates
creative minds
45. Ryan?s comments suggest
that the practice of standardized testing _____.
A. prevents new habits form being formed
B. no longer emphasizes commonness
C.
maintains the inherent American thinking model
D. complies with the American belief system
Questions 46-50 are based on the following
passage:
Australia?s foreign language skills
are declining, voice of America has reported.
New figures show that only 13 percent of high
school graduates can speak a foreign
language.
But four decades ago, 40 percent had foreign
language skills.
Professor Elise Tipton, from
the University of Sydney, says increasingly
students
do not feel the need to learn another
language to boost their career. She believes that
Australia?s economic boom, which is driven by
red-hot demand for its minerals, is
helping
mask serious deficiencies in its language skills.
Australia does business very successfully in
English with most of its trading
partners. But
as the world?s economic power shifts to emerging
regions such as Asia,
its language gap could
soon be exposed. According to the new figures,
less than 6.5
percent of high school graduates
are proficient in an Asian language. Academics
worry
that this means Australia will
increasingly be isolated from its economically
important
Asian neighbors. Dilip Dutta, from
the economics and business faculty at Sydney
University, says language skills can enhance
trading opportunities. If Australians want
to
trade with Asian countries, it is very important
for them to learn the language that
will help
them to get closer to the culture.
But
students have different opinions about Asian
language learning Pippa
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McCowage, a 22-year-old Australian
student, says many young Australians have a
half-hearted approach to foreign languages,
and the language curriculum is often
weak.
“While we?re encouraged in high school to learn
another language, it?s not really
apparent to
me as a realistic expectation that you will have
to speak it,” said
McCowage. “For example, I
learned Japanese in high school, when I went on an
exchange in Year 10, I found that the Japanese
students of my age had a much greater
proficiency in English than I did in Japanese.
So in that sense, it almost discourages
you.
At present, about 70 percent of Australia?s
major exports go to Asia and the
Australian
government has been keen on developing closer
economic and diplomatic
ties with Asia.
Academics say that, as Asia becomes one of the
world?s economic
powerhouses, Australia needs
to improve its language skills if it is to take
full
advantage of the business opportunities
on its doorstep.
46. How much percent of high
school graduates were proficient in foreign
languages
forty years ago?
A. About 70
percent B. only 13 percent
C. 40 percent D. Less than
6.5 percent
47. What can be inferred from
paragraph 2?
A. Australia has rich deposits
of minerals
B. Australia is essentially a
self-sufficient country
C. Australia has no
intention to trade with Asian countries
D.
Australian students are not required to learn a
foreign language
48. What does Dilip Dutta
think language skills can do?
A. Improve your
relation with your partner.
B. Help settle
international conflicts.
C. Remove barriers
in negotiations.
D. Increase trading
opportunities.
第 12 页 共 13 页
49. Why has the Australian government been
keenly interested in strengthening ties
with
Asia?
A. Because Asia is where Australia is
located.
B. Because Asia is where Australia?s
major exports go.
C. Because Asia is where
Australians go and spend their holidays.
D.
Because Asia is where Australia can play a big
role in international affairs.
50. What does
McCowage mean by “… have a half-hearted approach
to foreign
languages ”(line2-3 para.4)?
A.
Students have no idea of how to learn foreign
language
B. Students give up learning Asian
languages half-way
C. Many Australian
students are not interested in learning foreign
language
D. High schools fail to provide
opportunities for students to speak a foreign
language
Part IV. Writing (30
points)
51. Directions: Write an essay of
about 400 words in English on the
following
topic. Write your essay on your ANSWER SHEET.
Food Safety
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