blindness-因为的因怎么写
专业四级-424
(总分:140.00,做题时间:90分钟)
一、PART Ⅰ
DICTATION(总题数:1,分数:15.00)
Listen to the
following passage. Altogether the passage will be
read to you four times. During
1.
the
first reading, which will be done at normal speed,
listen and try to understand the meaning.
For
the second and third readings, the passage will be
read sentence by sentence, or phrase by
phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last
reading will be done at normal speed again and
during this time you should check your work.
You will then be given 2 minutes to check through
your work once more.
Listen to
the following passage. Altogether the passage will
be read to you four times. During
the first
reading, which will be done at normal speed,
listen and try to understand the meaning.
For
the second and third readings, the passage will be
read sentence by sentence, or phrase by
phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last
reading will be done at normal speed again and
during this time you should check your work.
You will then be given 2 minutes to check through
your work once more.
(分数:15.00)
______________________________
__________________________________________________
__________
正确答案:()
解析:[听力原文]
American College Graduates
In
America, May and June are the traditional months
for graduations. A listener in China, Jack
Hu from Jiangsu province, wants to know how
American college graduates find jobs. Right now
the answer is: not very easily.
The
National Association of Colleges and
Employerscollects information on the college job
market.
NACE's latest survey in March found
that employers expected to hire twenty-two
percent fewer
graduates this year than last.
Most blamed the recession.
The most recent
student survey showed that just one-fifth of
those who looked for jobs before
graduation
have one by now. This is compared to half of
students who had looked for a job
by this
time two years ago. But one difference: fewer of
this year's graduates have started
to search
for jobs.
Still, NACE found no big increase
in graduates who plan to stay in school and avoid
the job
market. About twenty-seven percent
said they plan to go to graduate school,
compared to
about twenty-four percent a year
ago.
[主旨大意]
本文主要介绍了美国当年的就业形势、与去年的对比情况以及毕业生对此作出的反应。
[名师点津]
The National Association of Colleges and
Employers:高校及雇主联合会。
二、PART Ⅱ LISTENING
COMPREHENSION(总题数:0,分数:0.00)
三、SECTION A
CONVERSATIONS(总题数:3,分数:10.00)
In
this section you will hear several conversations.
Listen to the conversations carefully and
then answer the questions that follow.
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following
conversation. At the end of the conversation, you
will be given 15 seconds to answer the
questions. Now listen to the conversation.
In this section you will hear several
conversations. Listen to the conversations
carefully and
then answer the questions that
follow.
Questions 1 to 3 are based on the
following conversation. At the end of the
conversation, you
will be given 15 seconds to
answer the questions. Now listen to the
conversation.
(分数:3.00)
(1).What does the man say about the weather
forecast?(分数:1.00)
will start raining.
will be very hot.
will clear up. √
will be very col
解析:[听力原文] 1-3
M:Did you hear the weather report, Jenny? It
leeks like the weather will dear up by Friday (1).
W:Awesome! That means we can take our class
trip to the mountains after all (2). I was afraid
our Prof. would have to cancel it.
M:I am
really looking forward to the hike.
W:Yeah.
This will be my first time hiking in the
mountains.
M: Are you kidding? They're so
close. I go up there most weekends with my
friends.
W: I guess I'm just not the outdoors
type. Are the trails on the mountain quite arduous
(3)?
M: Not really. Most of them are no
sweat. Hiking on them is just like taking a nice
long walk
through the woods.
男士跟Jenny说好像周五天气会放晴,符合第一题所问。
(2).Why are
they happy to hear the weather forecast for
Friday?(分数:1.00)
class, they are planning
to go skiing.
will be canceled because of
bad weather.
professor will hold class by
the lake on campus.
will be able to take a
class trip. √
解析:周五放晴就意味着他们班级能去旅游,因此他们很兴奋。
(3).What is the woman's attitude toward hiking
in the mountains?(分数:1.00)
's worried it
will be too difficult for her. √
enjoys it.
thinks it's too far to go.
prefers
the seasid
解析:Jenny说这是她第一次登山远足,并且询问男士山路是否非常难走
,可以看她对这次旅游是有担心的。
Questions 4 to 6 are
based on the following conversation. At the end of
the conversation, you
will be given 15
seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to
the conversation.
Questions 4 to 6
are based on the following conversation. At the
end of the conversation, you
will be given 15
seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to
the conversation.
(分数:3.00)
(1).Why does the student go to see her
professor?(分数:1.00)
was a problem with her
registration.
will miss the beginning of
the summer term. √
wants advice about
joining a study group.
would like to
discuss her research project.
解析:[听力原文] 4-6
W: Professor Pollard?
M: Yes?
W:I've... um... I registered for your
psychology course for summer session. But I have
to go
to Vancouver and won't be back until
June 25.
M: Oh. That means you'll miss the
first week (4).
W: I know. Could I ... um ...
make up the work when I get back?
M: That
would be kind of a problem. It's like this ...
we'll cover the important basics during
the
first week. And you'll be forming study groups and
starting to plan your research projects.
The
first group report is due on the 25th.
W:
Would I still be able to join a group?
M: I
don't think that would be fair to the others in
your group. Summer session is only six weeks,
and you can't afford to get a late start (5).
W: That's OK. I understand. Will you teach
this course again in the fall (6)?
M: Yes. In
fact, in fall semester there'll be two, maybe
three sections.
学生找教授的原因是她将去温哥华,6月25日才能回来,这意味着教师暑假课程开课第一周她将缺席。
(2).What does the professor imply?(分数:1.00)
is not acceptable to miss class time. √
first day of class has been changed.
ts are required to take the course.
summer
course has been cancele
解析:教授认为开课第一周非常重要,暑期课程
只有6周,如果第一周不上,学生将会赶不上进度,也就暗示了他无法
接受学生缺课。
(3).What will the student probably
do?(分数:1.00)
the course during the fall. √
up the work she misses.
an available
study group.
her trip to Vancouver.
解析:学生听到教授的解释后,接着询问了教授秋季是否再次开课,暗示了她可能会选择秋季课程。
Questions 7 to 10 are based on the
following conversation. At the end of the
conversation, you
will be given 20 seconds to
answer the questions. Now, listen to the
conversation.
Questions 7 to 10 are
based on the following conversation. At the end of
the conversation, you
will be given 20
seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to
the conversation.
(分数:4.00)
(1).How did Judy spend most of her time in
Florida?(分数:1.00)
eeing.
on the
beach.
photographs of the beaches.
divin √
解析:[听力原文] 7-10
W:
Hi, Tom.
M: Judy, I haven't seen you in
weeks. Where have you been?
W: In Florida.
M: What? Vacationing while the rest of us have
been studying on campus in the February cold (8)?
W: Not exactly, I spent most of my time
underwater.
M: I don't understand.
W: I
was on a special field trip. I went with my marine
biology class (9).
M: So you went scuba
diving (7)? What were you looking for? Sunken
treasure?
W: You might say so, the sea is
full of treasures, all kinds of strange
fascinating organisms.
Our class concentrated
on studying plankton.
M: I thought planktons
are too small to be seen.
W: That's a common
misconception. The term plankton'' covers a wide
variety of freely floating
plants and animals
from microscopic one-celled organism to larger
ones such as the common jellyfish.
M:
Jellyfish maybe large enough to be seen, but they
are transparent, aren't they?
W. Yes, most
planktons have transparent tissues as a protective
camouflage. It makes them
practically
invisible to predators.
M : But not invisible
to your biology class, I hope.
W: By
concentrating, I was able to see the outlines of
lots of different planktonic plants and
animals. In fact, our professor even took
photographs of Greeber Quadata, which are small
oceanicsnails (10).
M: How could the
snails show up in the photographs if they are
transparent?
W: We squirted Greeber Quadata
with a harmless green dye. Since particles of the
dye stuck to
their tissues, the snails
appeared in green outline in the photograph.
M: That sound like an interesting trip. But I
think if I'd been in Florida in February, I'd much
rather spend my time just swimming and lying
in the sun.
Judy说自己在佛罗里达的大部分时间都是在水下,结合后面她去那里进
行实地考察,因此判断她在那里大部分时间在潜
水。
(2).What was Tom
doing in February?(分数:1.00)
was on a field
trip.
was vacationing in Florida.
was studying most of the time. √
was
vacationing at hom
解析:Tom很羡慕Judy能去度假,而自己和大部分学生一样,2月份在学校学习。
(3).What kind of class went on the field
trip?(分数:1.00)
y. √
raphy.
ng.
n
解析:Judy说明了生物班级去进行实地考察。
(4).According to Judy, What did her professor
photograph?(分数:1.00)
c snails. √
green jellyfish.
ent planktonic
plants.
treasure chests.
解析:Judy的教授还拍摄了獜慭汬漠散湡捩猠慮汩屳的照片。
四、SECTION B PASSAGES(总题数:3,分数:10.00)
In this section, you will hear several
passages. Listen to the passages carefully and
then answer
the questions that follow.
Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following
passage. At the end of the passage, you will be
given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now,
listen to the passage.
(分数:4.00)
(1).What is the main topic of the
talk?(分数:1.00)
birds learn to build nests.
birds lay eggs.
birds' nests have
evolved. √
some birds' nests are considered
primitiv
解析:[听力原文] 11-14
Many egg-laying
animals merely lay their eggs and leave. Turtles
for instance and the horseshoe
crabs.
The eggs hatch and the little ones are on
their own. The current theory about birds is that
the
earliest birds did just that when they
were cold-blooded creatures living in warm places.
However
when they became warm-blooded
creatures living in cold places they had to remain
on the eggs
to keep them warm (12). The
process we call incubation. For this they needed a
place a nest. Very
likely the first nests
were just primitive depressions scrape into the
ground (13). Even now
many species still lay
eggs in this sort of crude nests, in fact every
spring a mother killdeer
lays her eggs in
some pebbles along the edge of the parking lot
just outside this building (14).
Primitive
nests on the ground were fine for some birds but
others began to elevate their nests
in
branches perhaps to avoid predators. These early
elevated nests were probably loose platforms
of sticks and twigs the types still built by
ospreys and most arians today. The latest
evolvement
in nest, the most recent version
(11), so to sperak,is the cup-shaped is the one
we
regared today as the typical bird's nest,
you know, like a robion's nest.
这篇材料介绍了
卵生动物在演变过程中开始筑巢,早期的巢也慢慢发生变化,如今的巢已经是较为经典的瑜敨挠灵猭慨
数
?敮瑳,整篇的主题也就是讲鸟巢是如何演变的。
(2).What evolutionary
change in birds led to nest building?(分数:1.00)
flying ability improved greatly.
became warm-blooded. √
began to lay eggs.
changed their migration patterns.
解析:材料中指出当卵生动物成为温血动物后为了取暖它们开始孵蛋,因此需要筑巢。
(3).According to the speaker, where were the
first bird's nests located?(分数:1.00)
the
ground. √
cold places.
the highest
branches of trees.
tree trunks.
解析:早期的巢建在地面的洼坑里,现在也有动物依旧在地面建巢,因此最早的巢是建在地面上的。
(4).What is the killdeer's nest in parking lot
an example of?(分数:1.00)
A.A primitive type
of nest. √
elevated nest.
C.A typical
cup-shaped nest.
D.A nest of twigs and
branches.
解析:双领鸻沿着停车场产卵筑巢,术语建在地面上的早期巢。
Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following
passage. At the end of the passage, you will be
given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now,
listen to the passage.
(分数:3.00)
(1).What is the talk mainly about?(分数:1.00)
types of instruments used in bebop music.
social setting in which bebop music
developed. √
two styles of jazz music
influenced each other.
influence of bebop
music on the United States economy during the
1940's.
解析:[听力原文] 15-17
OK, so in our
last class, we're discussing big band swing music.
You remembered this was a kind
of dance music
with a steady rhythm. But today we will be over
the style of music played by smaller
Jazz
band. It's called bebop. Now bebop makes use of
all sources of new types of rhythm, some
of
them very irregular. We will talk more about that
later, but first I wanna talk about some
of
the social elements that I believe contributed to
the development of bebop music (15). To
do
this, we have to look at when bebop arose and
started becoming so popular which was from the
late 1930s through the 1940s, from the time of
the great depression right in the Second World
War. Now one factor that certainly not created
the environment for bebop music was the decline
of the United States' economy (17). During the
Great Depression, the economy suffered
tremendously
and fewer people have money to
spend on entertainment. Then during the Second
World War the
government imposed a new tax on
public entertainment, what you might call a
performance tax. The
government collected
money on performances that included at any time
acting, dancing or singing,
but not
instrumental music. So to avoid this new tax, some
Jazz band stopped using singers
altogether
(16). They started relying on the creativity on
the instrumentalists to attract
audiences.
This is what bebop bands did. Now remember, a lot
of big bands had singers, so the
instrumentalists simply played in the
background and had occasional solos, while the
singers sang
the melody to the song but not
bebop bands. So these instrumentalists have much
more freedom to
be creative. So they
experimented playing the music faster and using
new irregular source of rhythm.
[名师点津]
1.bebop:“比普”,是爵士音乐的一种。
2.instrumental
music:意为“器乐”,这里指的是用乐器演奏。
整篇材料讲的是影响比普乐队发展壮大的社会因素,也就是比普乐队发展的社会背景。
(2).How did bebop band avoid the performance
tax?(分数:1.00)
didn't use singers. √
gave free concerts.
performed in small
nightclubs.
shortened the length of their
performances.
解析:政府征收的表演税包括表演、唱歌、跳舞但是不
包括乐器表演,因此乐队为了不交表演税而取消了歌手演唱。
(3).Why does the
professor mention the decline of the United
States' economy during the great
depression?(分数:1.00)
discuss one way it
impacted jazz music.
explain why the
government reduced some taxes.
describe a
common theme in jazz music.
discuss the
popularity of certain jazz bands. √
解析:美国经济衰退促进了比普音乐的发展,乐队在那一时期大受欢迎,因此在这里提到经济衰退。
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the
following passage. At the end of the passage, you
will be
given 15 seconds to answer the
questions. Now, listen to the passage.
(分数:3.00)
(1).Why were the fishermen
frightened of the squid?(分数:1.00)
e of its
smell.
e of its eyes.
e of its size. √
e of its behavior.
解析:[原文再现] 18-20
Welcome to the New Bedford institutes, series
of lectures on the mysteries of the sea. You may
have noticed the drawing on the cover of the
program for today's presentation. It depicts a sea
creature that scientists have been interested
in for many years. It is said that in the 19th
century
a group of fishermen were surprised
by seeing a huge squid that they said was as big
as a house
and had enormous tentacles. The
fishermen were frightened out of their wits
according to reports
from that time (18). The
creature sank back into the ocean and was never
seen again. Marine
biologists believed that
this species of giant squid called Architeuthis
still exists. And
it comes to represent how
little we know about sea creatures (19). Compared
with what we know
species
marine of
kinds different more many are there that know do
we land, the on animals the about
than there
are land species. But we just don't have the
technology yet to do sustained research.
Even
short unmanned trips are so hard to accomplish. In
fact researching in the deep oceans has
been
compared to flying an airplane overland throwing
down a net and seeing what you get. In other
words it's very hard to picture the whole
situation when that's the way you have to get your
samples. Must of what is known about deep sea
creatures, which as I said, is actually very
little
(20), comes from ocean beds that dried
up long ago. We're fortunate to have a few samples
of these
fossil remains on display on the
second floor. We'll take a look at them after a
while.
渔民因“大乌贼”体积庞大而害怕,因此是因为它的体积感到震惊害怕。
[名师点津]
1.out of one's
wits:意为“惊慌失措”,在这里指的是渔民们看到庞然大物被吓破了胆。
2. marine
biologist:海洋生物学家。
(2).What does the giant
squid symbolize to biologists?(分数:1.00)
sea
animals manage to exist.
large sea animals
can be.
frightening the squid is.
little we know about the se √
解析:对于海洋生
物学家来说,杜慩瑮猠畱摩的村子啊能够表明我们对海洋物种知之甚少。
(3).What
does the airplane example illustrate about the
deep sea research?(分数:1.00)
it is difficult
to use aerial photographs in research.
oceanic research is so limited. √
oceanic
research has helped land research.
light is
used to attract sea lif
解析:飞机高空飞行做研究和进行深海研究一样,难度都很大,因此我们取得的深海研究成果非常有限。
五、SECTION C NEWS
BROADCAST(总题数:5,分数:10.00)
In this
section, you will hear several news items. Listen
to them carefully and then answer the
questions that follow.
Questions 21 and
22 are based on the following news. At the end of
the news item, you will be
given 10 seconds
to answer the questions. Now, listen to the
news.
In this section, you will hear
several news items. Listen to them carefully and
then answer the
questions that follow.
Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following
news. At the end of the news item, you will be
given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now,
listen to the news.
(分数:2.00)
(1).The criteria for progress
is______according to Mr. Obam(分数:1.00)
A.A.
The economy of the nation.B. The development of
technology.C. People's welfare.D. The
harmony
of the society.
解析:[听力原文] 21-22
President Obama is proposing a series of
measures to help ease the economic pressure on the
nation's
middle class. Mr. Obama, with Vice
President Biden at his side, announced the steps
which he says
are in-depth reversing, what he
called, the overall erosion in middle class
security.
Hopefully, some of these steps
will reestablish some of the security that's
slipped away in recent
years. Because in the
end, that's how Joe and I measure progress--not by
how the markets are doing,
畢?祢栠睯琠敨?敭楲慣?数灯敬愠敲搠楯杮???尠
President says
the proposals will be in the budget he submits to
Congress next month. They include
initiatives
to help families pay for child care, care for
elderly parents, pay off student loans
and
save for retirement (22).
]
名师点津[
1.middle class:中产阶级。中产阶级是一个较为含混的概念。许多人,包括经济学家在
内,倾向于以收入作为划分中
产阶级的惟一标准或主要标准,但即便如此,对于中产阶级,也仍旧存在着
众多的不确定性和定量上的混淆。比如在美
国,有认为凡年均收入在3万美元至10万美元的人群都属于
中产阶级,以此标准衡量,美国80%以上的人都应该属于中
产阶级,另一人则认为,美国中产阶级的人
年均收入标准应该在2.5万美元至10万美元,凡人年均收入在区间的,都
可以算是中产阶级,以此标
准而论,美国中产阶级大约占总人口的95%。
2.erosion:侵蚀,腐蚀。
答案出自
ot by how the markets are doing, but
by how the American people are doing, 大意是:衡量进步的标准不
是根
据市场如何运行,而是根据美国人民生活的怎么样。简言之就是以福利衡量进步,因此选项C正确。
(2).Which of the following is not included in
President Obama's budget plan?(分数:1.00)
for
elderly parents.
ng the nation's
economy. √
off student loans.
for
retirement.
解析:答案见最后一段最后一句话。
Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following
news. At the end of the news item, you will be
given 10 seconds to answer the questions. Now,
listen to the news.
Questions 23 and
24 are based on the following news. At the end of
the news item, you will be
given 10 seconds
to answer the questions. Now, listen to the
news.
(分数:2.00)
(1).From the
report, we learn that_______.(分数:1.00)
l
Motor owns the SAAB brand.
car maker spyker
is buying saab.
has lost money for years
under GM ownership.
of the abov √
解析:[听力原文] 23-24
The uncertainty
surrounding the fate of General Motor's Saab brand
is over. GM says the Dutch
car maker Spyker
is buying Saab (23-1). Details of the deal are
clear but the purchase price
is reported to
be $ 400 million, 74 million of which is in cash
with the rest in deferred shares.
The deal
was a lifeline for Saab which has lost money for
years under GM ownership and was slated
to be
liquidated (23-2).
Ford Motor companies say
it's investing nearly $ 400 milliom on its
assembly plant in Chicago
to produce the next
generation of Explorer SUV. NPR's Cheryl Corley
reports. ns to have its latest
version of its
Explorer SUV on the assembly line by the end of
the year. It's shifting production
to Chicago
from a plant in Louisville, Kentucky, which Ford
is retooling to build small cars.
Chicago
workers already built the Ford Taurus and Lincoln
Sedans. Company President Mark Fields
told
excited workers who had gathered for the
announcement that adding the Ford Explorer would
create another 1,200 jobs (24). So 1,200 new
jobs, nearly doubling our workforce, more
production
over the stamping facility. You
think it's a good day for you? Yeah. Ford says
Illinois tax
incentive helped make the case
to build the new Explorer in Chicago. Ford says
the new SUV will
be 25% more fuel-efficient
and will have inflatable seat belts designed to
provide additional
protection for rear-seat
passengers.
答案请参见原文黑体字处,两句话的大意是:通用汽车公司管辖下的瑞典
飞机公司的命运不再变化无常。通用汽车公司
表示荷兰汽车制造商世爵公司正在收购瑞典飞机公司。此次
交易对于Saab而言是生命的延续,因为多年来在通的管辖
下瑞经营状况惨淡,此次收购也为Saab
财务清算铺平了道路。
1.Saab:最初全称为 Svenska Aeroplan Akti
ebolaget,即瑞典飞机公司,原先是一家军用飞机制造公司。年,通用2000
后来瑞典飞机有
限公司合并了只生产轿车、卡车、飞机、计算机等产品的综合性集团公司。.
汽车公司完全收购了Saab汽车公司。
2.Spyker:世爵。
3.liquidate:清算,清盘(停业后将资产出售,偿还债务)。
4. SUV:
SUV的全称是 Sport Utility Vehicle,
中文以违反“运动型多用途汽车”,主要是指那设计前卫、造型新颖的
四轮驱动越野车。
(2).By producing the Explorer SUV, how many
jobs can Ford create?(分数:1.00)
A.1,200. √
B.120.
C.12,000.
D.25% mor
解析:细节题。新闻中提到增加 Ford Explorer 车型可以创造1200个就业机会。
Question 25 is based on the following
news. At the end of the news item, you will be
given 5seconds
2.
to answer the
questions. Now, listen to the news.
Question 25 is based on the following news. At
the end of the news item, you will be given
5seconds
to answer the questions. Now, listen
to the news.
According to the
report, President Obama plans to______.(分数:1.00)
for a $1.3 trillion deficit
the
needed 60 votes
funding some domestic
spending programs √
up a bipartisan task
force
解析:[听力原文]
The Senate has rejected
a plan aimed at tackling the federal deficit. A
proposal to set up a
bipartisan task force
did not get the needed 60 votes. Earlier today
Congressional economists
predicated a more
than $1. 3 trillion deficit this year as the
economy recovered slowly. During
a State of
the Union Address tomorrow, President Obama is
expected to propose a three-year freeze
on
some domestic spending programs in an effort to
detain the deficit(25).
答案请参见原文黑体处,该句大意是:预计,奥
巴马总统将提议冻结一些国内支出计划三年,以遏制财政赤字。
[名师点津]federal de
ficit:联邦赤字。美国政府2010财年预算赤字将至少高达1.56万亿美元,继上一个财年的1.42
万亿美元财政赤字后,再创战后历史新高。
Questions 26 and
27 are based on the following news. At the end of
the news item, you will be
given 15 seconds
to answer the questions. Now, listen to the
news.
Questions 26 and 27 are based
on the following news. At the end of the news
item, you will be
given 15 seconds to answer
the questions. Now, listen to the news.
(分数:2.00)
(1).According to the report,
what has delayed the work of restoring power
supply for Dakotas?(分数:1.00)
winds.
.
.
visibility. √
解析:[听力原文] 26-27
After several days of winter storm,the upper
Midwest is slowly returning to normal today.Crews
from several states are coming to the Dakotas
to help restore power.South Dakota Public
.Gary Ellenbolt reports,Broadcasting
At the
storm's peak,more than 7,000 rural electric
customers in Dakotas were without power.Strong
winds and ice brought down more than 6,000
poles.Crews from as far away as Kansas and
Colorado
are being brought in to restore
power.South Dakota Emergency Management Director
Kristi Turman
says there should be a lot of
progress made today.Because of the visibility
issues for the
last two days,we have not been
able to move a lot of assets into the impacted
area(26).We are
continuing to provide
support to power restoration effort and also
sheltering effort.(27) Three
counties in the
Chienne River Reservation in South Dakota are
without water after a rural system
failed
Monday, State officials and the South Dakota
National Guard are helping with relief efforts. <
br>答案请参见原文黑体处,该句大意是:因为在过去两天里存在能见度问题,所以我们不能将很多物资运送到
受影响的地
区。
[名师点津]
1.2010年初的美国暴风雪已经导致美国联
邦政府停止对外办公,十几年来罕见,预计损失高达3.5亿美元。
2.National
Guard:美国国民警卫队(United States National Guard)常简称“国民兵
”,是美国军队的重要后备力量。
美军的预备役部队分为国民警卫队和联邦后备役部队两大部分,美国国
民警卫队创建于1636年12月13日,当时是为
保卫殖民地而在波士顿建立的一支民兵队伍。182
4年8月25日改名为国民警卫队。国民警卫队是美军整体力量的重要
组成部分,也是隶属于各州政府的
地方部队。
(2).What are the main efforts to help
the impacted area?(分数:1.00)
restoration.
ring.
A and B √
of the abov
解析:答案线索请参见原文黑体处。
Questions 28 to 30
are based on the following news. At the end of the
news item, you will be given
15 seconds to
answer the questions. Now, listen to the news.
Questions 28 to 30 are based on the
following news. At the end of the news item, you
will be given
15 seconds to answer the
questions. Now, listen to the news.
(分数:3.00)
(1).From the report, we learn
that______.(分数:1.00)
A.J.D. Salinger is a
historian
B.J.D. Salinger wrote The Catcher
in the Rye √
C.J.
er wrote A People's
History of the United StatesD.J.D. Salinger was
Professor Emeritus
at Boston University
解析:[听力原文] 28-30
er,author of the literary
classic The Catcher in the Rye has died(28).His
son says
Salinger passed away yesterday at
his home in Cornish,New Hampshire.He was 9 1 years
old.
Howard Zinn,radical historian and
political activist,has died at the age of 87.His
1980 book
A People's History of the United
States sold more than a million copies and was an
alternative
to mainstream historical
text.NPR's Margot Adler reports.
Howard Zinn
lectured widely and Was heavily involved in US
civil rights and anti—war
movements(29).His
book A People's History of the United States told
the story of the nation
through the voices of
working-class people,women and minorities.The book
came out during the
Reagan years and was
celebrated by the left(30).Published with very
little promotion,only 5,000 copies
at first,
by 2003,in word of mouth,it had sold more than a
million copies.Many
companion editions were
published including a graphic novel.Zinn was
Professor Emeritus in the
Political Science
Department at Boston University where he taught
from 1964 to 1988.He was close
the
changed work Zinn's that said who ,ChomskyNoam
activist political and Linguist with friends
way millions of people saw the
past.Howard Zinn died of a heart attack.
答案线索请参见原文黑体处。
[名师点津]
1.The Catcher
in the Rye:《麦田守望者》(这是捷罗姆·大卫·塞林格唯一的一部长篇小说,它客观又深刻地指出
了青少年在成长过程中所面临的种种问题。小说发表后引起了巨大争议,但仍然受到大批读者的喜爱。)
2.radical:意为“激进的,根本的”。
3.civil
rights:意为“民权运动”。
(2).Why does the report say
that Howard Zinn is a political activist?(分数:1.00)
wrote The Catcher in the Rye.
lectured widely.
was close friends with
Linguist and political activist Noam Chomsky.
was heavily involved in US civil rights and
anti-war movements. √
解析:答案线索请参见原文黑体处,该句大意是:Howard
Zinn广做演讲,积极投入到美国民权运动和反战运动之中。
(3).Which one of
the following is true?(分数:1.00)
Zinn's book
was very popular among the left. √
Zinn
published a book together with Noam Chomsky.
Zinn died at the age of 91.
D.A People's
History of the United States' is a graphic novel.
解析:答案线索请参见原文黑体处。
六、PART Ⅲ
CLOZE(总题数:1,分数:20.00)
Decide which of the
choices given below would best complete the
passage if inserted in the
corresponding
blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on
your answer sheet.
More than 40 thousand
readers told us what they looked for in close
relationships, what they
expected (31)
friends, what they were willing to give in (32) ,
and how satisfied they were (33)
the quality of their friendships. The (34)
give little comfort to social critics. Friendship
(35)
to be a unique form of (36)
bonding. Unlike marriage or the ties that (37)
parents and children,
it is not
defined or regulated by (38) Unlike other social
roles that we are expected to (39)
as citizens, employees, members of
professional societies and (40) organizations—it
has its own
principle, which is to
promote (41) of warmth, trust, love, and affection
(42) two people.
The survey on
friendship appeared in the March (43) of
Psychology Today. The findings (44) that
issues of trust and betrayal are (45) to
friendship. They also suggest that our readers do
not
(46) for friendship only among
those who are (47) like them, but find many (48)
differ in race,
religion, and
ethnic background. Arguably the most important
(49) that emerges from the data,
(50) , is not something that we found-but what
we did not.
(分数:20.00)
√
解析:expect sth.of
sb.是动词的惯用搭配,表示“期望某人某事”,还可以使用expect sth.from
sb.。其他三个
介词都搭配不当。
[主旨大意]本文介绍了人们对友谊的期望和理解。一
项调查结果显示友谊与家庭关系、社会关系不同,更侧重朋友间感
情的交流和相互的信任。
[名师点津]
1.本文中从句使用得比较多,导致句子较长,结构略为复杂
。开篇第一句是个宾语从句,动词told后加
引导的从句
做宾语。how引导和一个由what了三个由.
2.第一段最后一句较为复杂。句子的主干是it has its own principle(其
中it指的是friendship)。主干前有个undike
引导的介词短语,其中包含一个定语从
句 hat we are expected to play as
citizens,employees,memhers of
professional
societies and other 牯慧楮慺楴湯屳,用来修饰先行词social
roles。主干后又有一个非限定性定语
从句which is to promote
feelings of warmth,trust,love,and affection
敢睴敥?睴?数灯敬,用来修饰先行词principle。
3.issue一词在本篇中
出现了两次,都在第二段,但意思不同。第二段第一句中的issue表示“(期刊的)一期”,第二
句
中的issue表示“问题,议题”。
√
on
解析:in return是固定搭配,表示“作为回报,报偿”。本句意为“他们愿意用什么来回报朋
友”。其他三个选项都可
以和in搭配,但在此处不符合句意。in reply意为“答复”,in
addition意为“除此以外还,除了”,in turn意为“轮
流”。
√
解析:本题考查be satisfied
with的搭配,意为“对……满意”。
s
ations
s √
uences
解析:本句意为“这些结果令社会评论家感到不安”。文章第一句介绍的是
读者关于友谊的调查结果,所以此处应为
results。
s √
解析:本句意为“友情看起来似乎是一种独特的人际关系”。appea
r意为“似乎,看起来”,后可跟动词不定式。feel
和sound分别表示“觉得,摸起来”和“听
起来”。lead意为“领导,引导”,lead
to意为“导致,带来”,其中to是
介词,不是不定式符号。
√
d
dual
解析:此处需要界定友谊是一种什么关系。civil意为“
国内的,民用的”,human意为“人的,人类的”,也可以作名
词,意为“人类”。mankind
只做名词,意为“人类”。individual意为“个别的,个体的”。所以human最合适,表示
“人与人之间的关系”。
t
l
√
解析:此句中需要一个动词做定语从句的谓语,表示“联结父母和子女的关系”。attract
意为“吸引”;attach意为“附
上,贴上”,常用attach…to…;control意为“
控制”;bind意为“捆绑,约束,束缚”。
line
√
tion
解析:本句意为“和婚姻关系或父子关系不同,友情不是一种受法律
规定约束的关系”。rule意为“规则,规章”,强调
某团体的规章、条例或比赛规则。discip
line意为“纪律,惩戒”。regulation意为“规章,规则”,表示用以指导、
管理和控制
某系统或某组织的规则或原则,可与rule互换使用。law侧重于硬性的法律法规,往往是由最高当局制定,
由立法机构通过,由法院执行。
√
解析:本题考查固定搭配play a…role。其他几个动词和role不搭配。
√
解析:本句中other
organizations和professional societies是并列的,都是of的介词宾语
。本句意为“和期望我
们充当的角色如市民、雇员、专业团体和其他组织的成员不一样,友谊有它自己的
原则”。
sts
gs √
ship
sion <
br>解析:warmth、trust、love、affection都是“感觉、感情”,所以选feel
ings,其他选项不符合句意。
n √ 解析:本句意为“友谊促进两人之间相互温暖、信任、挚爱之情”。between表示“在……之间”,常
指两者或两类之间,
其他三个介词不符合题意。
√
ation
解析:此处issue表示杂志、期刊等的一期。句意是“这项关于友谊的调
查刊登在《今日心理学》三月份那一期”。print
意为“印刷,印刷品”;copy意为“副本,摹
本,一(本、份)”;publication意为“出版,发行,出版物”。
m √
e
解析:此句意为“调查结果进一步确认
,信任和背叛是友谊的核心问题”。confirm意为“确认,确定”;resolve意为
“决定,
解决”;assure意为“确保,使……相信”;secure意为“固定,使……安全”。
l √
l
r
解析:此处为固定搭配be central
to意为“是……的中心(核心),对……极为重要的”。main意为“主要的”,主要用
做定语;n
eutral意为“中立的,中性的”;nuclear意为“原子核的,原子能的”。
1
√
解析:本题考查动词短语的意义。ask
for意为“请求,要求”;appeal for意为“恳求,征求”;call
for意为“需要”;
look for意为“寻找,寻求”。本句意为“调查结果建议读者不要一味在
和他们自己最相似的人中寻求友谊,而是应找
一些种族、宗教、背景不同的人做朋友”。
√
解析:本题需要副词most来修饰like,be
most
like意为“最像,最相似”,后半句中的differ可以给一点提示,表
明前后是相对立的意思。
s
√
解析:本题考查定语从句,修饰的
先行词是many,这里指许多人,所以选择关系代词who,在从句中做主语。many如做
形容词,
可以和friends或people搭配,但如放在此句,就没有关系代词了,故排除。what不指代人,不
正确。
y
ons
sion √
解析:此处需要一个名词充当定语从句that emezges from the data的先行
词,根据句意,conclusion最合适,意为
“从数据中得出的结论”。summary意为“摘
要”;decision意为“决定”;claim意为“声称,宣称”。
er
r √
解析:本题考查上下文关系。文章最后一句与上文是转折关系
,从标点符号可进一步确定选however最合适,该词常用
于句中,用两个逗号隔开,yet和st
ill不太这样用。moreover意为“而且,除此以外”,表示递进关系。
七、PART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND
VOCABULARY(总题数:1,分数:30.00)
There are
thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each
sentence there are four words or phrases
marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or
phrase that best completes the sentence.
Mark
your answers on your answer sheet.
(分数:30.00)
(1).It is
essential that these application forms ______ back
as early as possible.(分数:1.00)
be sent
be sent
sent
sent √
解析:[妙翻巧译] 最重要的是这些申请表必须尽快寄回。
[解析] 本题考查虚拟语气
。主句中的形容词essential决定从句应该使用should型的虚拟语气,should通常省略。类
似的表示“必要的,坚决的,紧急的,重要的”形容词还有vital、insistent、nece
ssary、urgent等。
(2).This is ______
Nanjing.(分数:1.00)
time I have been to
second time of my being
second time I have
been
second time I have been to √
解析:[妙翻巧译] 这是我第二次去南京。
[解析] 本题考查“第几次做某事”结构中
的从句时态。主句是一般现在时,从句使用现在完成时,主句是一般过去时,
从句使用过去完成时。答案
A中的second time前缺少定冠词,B和C中缺少介词to。
(3).Now I'm
on ______ diet. I'm trying to lose ______
weight.(分数:1.00)
A.a...
...a
C....the
... the √
解析:[妙翻巧译]
我正在节食,因为我想减肥。
[解析] 本题考查冠词的用法。bego on a
diet意为“节食”,此时diet为可数名词,需加冠词a;lose
weight意为“减肥”,weight是“体重”的意思,不可数,其反义词组是put on
weight。
(4).Advertising media like direct
mail, radio, television and newspapers ______ to
increase the
sales of industrial
products.(分数:1.00)
been used √
be
used
being used
been used
解析:[妙翻巧译] 直接邮寄、广播、电视和报纸这样的广告媒介已经被用来促进工业品的销售。
[解析] 本题考查时态和不规则名词的复数形式。根据实际情况,各种媒介一直以来被广泛用于促销,
所以选择被动语
态的完成时最符合句意。media是名词medium的复数形式,根据主谓一致原则
,选择答案A。
(5).The pressure ______ causes
Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them
under a constant
emotional strain.(分数:1.00)
compete √
ing
be competed
competed
解析:[妙翻巧译]
竞争压力使得美国人看起来精力旺盛,但也给他们带来很大的精神压力。
[解析]
本题考查非谓语动词。本题中to compete为不定式做后置定语,没有被动和完成的含义,所以选择A。
(6).She ______ the hospital so soon,
for she had not yet recovered.(分数:1.00)
n't
have left √
leave
left
have
1eft
解析:[妙翻巧译] 她不应该这么早就离开医院,因为她还没有完全恢复。
[解析] 本题考查情态动词。shouldn't have done表示“做了不应该做的事情”
。答案B是一般过去式的强调形式,C
是现在完成时,D表示对过去事实的肯定推测。
(7).In some countries, ______ is called
equality doesn't really mean equal right for equal
people.(分数:
1.00)
√
解析:[妙翻巧译] 在一些国家,所谓的“平等”并不真的意味着同样的人享受同样的权利。
[解析] 本题考查名词性从句。本句是个主句从句,睜慨?獩?掯污敬?斯瑱慬楬祴在句中做主语。
(8).There are signs ______ restaurants are
becoming more popular with families.(分数:1.00)
√
which
解析:[妙翻巧译] 有迹象显示,去餐厅就餐越来越受家庭青睐。
[解析] 本题考查同
位语从句。在idea、belief、notion、sign、evidence等名词后常使用同位语从句
,进一步阐释其
具体内容,此时,关系代词that只起到连接词的作用,没有具体含义,也不充当任何
语法成分。
(9).—The opening ceremony has already
started.
—?潯Ⅻ吠敨映慬?獩张彟彟?潮?尠(分数:1.00)
rose
raised √
g
解析:[妙翻巧译]
——“开幕式已经开始了。”——“看,旗帜正在升起。”
[解析] 本题考查时态和语态。根据句
中的动词look和时间状语now可判断旗帜是正在冉冉升起,又是被升起,因此选
用答案C。
(10).______ in ancient times, the book still
appeals to readers today.(分数:1.00)
it
written
written √
was written
n it was
解析:[妙翻巧译] 尽管是古人写的,该书今天依然吸引着很多读者。
[解析] 本题考查状语从句中的省略。答案B中的Though
written实际上是Though it was written的省略形式。在时
间状语从句、
让步状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句的主语一致时可省略从句的主语和系动词。
(11).It is useful to be able to predict the
extent ______ which a price change will affect
supply
and demand.(分数:1.00)
√
解析:[妙翻巧译]
能够预测价格的变化影响供求情况的程度是很有用处的。
[解析]
本题考查介词提前的定语从句。根据短语to…extent,我们可以判断答案B正确。
(12).The same thing, happening in war time,
______ great disaster.(分数:1.00)
amount to
ed to
have amounted to
amount
to √
解析:[妙翻巧译] 同样的事情,如果发生在战争时期,将无异于巨大灾难。
[解析] 本题考查虚拟语气。现在分词短语happening in war time实际上是句
含蓄的条件从句,可改写为??瑩栠灡数
敮?湩眠牡琠浩履,表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件,所以主句
应使用would+动词原形。
(13).The total number of
articles published on cancer ______
amazing.(分数:1.00)
been
解析:[妙翻巧译] 发表的关于癌症的论文总数量大得惊人。
[解析]
本题考查主谓一致。句子的主语是number数量,谓语动词用单数。如果是主语是a large
number
of+名词复数,谓语动词就要用复数形式。
)1.00(分数:(14).______ that pilot couldn't fly
through it.
storm so severe was
severe the storm was
the storm was severe √
was the storm severe
解析:[妙翻巧译]
风暴如此强烈,飞行员无法飞行穿越。
[解析]
本题考查倒装语序。为加强语气,so(such)…that结构中的so位于句首使用倒装,如:Such
was
the force of explosion that all the
windows were broken.(爆炸的威力如此大,所有的窗户玻璃都震碎了)。
(15).I am wiser than ______ that.(分数:1.00)
e
ing
believe √
es
解析:[妙翻巧译] 我不至于蠢到竟然相信这种事。
[解析]
本题考查“比较级+than+to+v”的结构,表示“不至于……,懂得……不该……”,如:You
ought
to know better than to go swimming on
such a cold day.(你应该知道这么冷的天不适合游泳)。
(16).The
most ______ technological success in the twentieth
century is probably the computer
revolution.(分数:1.00)
ent √
rous
ent
解析:[妙翻巧译]
20世纪最卓越的技术成就可能是计算机革命。
[解析] 本题考查词汇的意义和对句子的理解。四
个选项都是形容词,prominent意为“显著的,卓越的,突出的”;
prosperous意为
“繁荣的,成功的,富裕的”;solemn意为“庄重的,严肃的”;prevalent意为“普遍的,流行
的”。
(17).The world's governments have done
______ nothing to combat the threat of nuclear
accidents.(分数:
1.00)
ntly
y
lly √
cally
解析:[妙翻巧译]
各国政府实际上并未采取任何行动来与核事故的威胁作斗争。
[解析] 本题考查副词的含义。in
herently意为“天性地,固有地”;vitally意为“生死攸关地,极其重要地”;virtual
ly
意为“事实上,实际上”;identically意为“同样地,相等地”。
(18).Mr. Wilson said that he did not want to
______ any further responsibilities.(分数:1.00)
on √
on
up
up
解析:[妙翻巧译] 威尔逊先生说他不想再承担更多的责任了。
[解析]
本题考查动词短语的搭配。take on意为“承担(职责、工作等)”;get
on意为“进展,相处”;put up意为“搭
起,建造”;look
up意为“抬头,尊敬,查阅”。
(19).To ______ for his
unpleasant experience he drank a little more than
was good for him.(分数:1.00)
ce
mise
sate √
ment
解析:[妙翻巧译]
借酒消愁,他喝得有点过量了,对身体不好。
[解析] 本题考查为短语compensate f
or。commence意为“开始”;compromise意为“妥协,折衷”;compensate意为
“弥补”;compliment意为“赞扬,奉承”,常用compliment sb.on
sth.。
(20).If a person talks about his weak
points, his listener is expected to say something
in the
way of ______.(分数:1.00)
sion
agement √
mise
解析:[妙翻巧译]
如果一个人谈及自己的缺点,他往往期望听者说些鼓励的话。
[解析] 本题考查词汇意义。per
suasion意为“劝说,劝告”;remedy意为“治疗法,补救”,词组beyond
re
medy意为“无药可救”;encouragement意为“鼓励”;compromise意为“妥协,折
衷”。
(21).If you want to know the train
schedule, please ______ at the booking
office.(分数:1.00)
e
e √
t
e
解析:[妙翻巧译] 您若想了解列车开行时间,请垂询售票处。
[解析]
本题考查形近词。acquire意为“获得,无意中学得”;inquire意为“询问,咨询”,常用inq
uire
about(打听,询问),而inquire into意为“调查”;request
意为“要求,请求”;require意为“需要,要求,请求”,
常用require sth.of
sb.,意为“要求某人某事”。
(22).All individuals are
required to ______ to the laws made by their
governments.(分数:1.00)
m √
e
e
解析:[妙翻巧译] 要求所有人遵守政府制定的法律。
[解析] 本题
考查近义词的区分。obey、conform、observe均有“遵守”的意思,其中obey和obse
rve为及物动词,conform
为不及物动物,和介词to搭配使用。concede意为“承认,
让步”。
(23).There are not many teachers who are
strong ______ of traditional methods in English
teaching.(分数:
1.00)
rs
butors
tes √
mers
解析:[妙翻巧译]
坚决倡导在英语教学中采用传统教法的教师不太多。
[解析] 本题考查表示人的身份的四个名词的
含义。sponsor意为“发起人,保证人,赞助者”;contributor意为“贡
献者,捐助
者,投稿人”;advocate意为“倡导者”;performer意为“表演者”。
(24).The detective and his assistant have
begun to ______ the mysterious murder.(分数:1.00)
through
into √
over
to
解析:[妙翻巧译] 侦探和他的助手已经开始调查这起离奇的谋杀案。
[解析]
本题考查动词词组。come through曲意为“经历,脱险,安然度过”;look
into意为“调查,窥探”;make over
意为“(财产)转让,移交,改造,重做”;see
to 意为“负责(处理、安排等)”。
(25).A large part of human
activity, particularly in relation to the
environment, is ______
conditions or
events.(分数:1.00)
√ response to
favor
of
contrast to
excess of
解析:[妙翻巧译] 人类的大部分活动(特别是与周围环境有关的活动)是对情况和事件的反应。
[解析] 本题考查句义和固定搭配。in response to意为“对……的反应”;in
favor of意为“喜欢,赞成”;in contrast
to意为“和……对比”;in
excess of意为“超过”。
(26).The ______ feature of
the building is really impressive, reminding us of
a sailing boat.(分数:1.00)
or
or √
or
or
解析:[妙翻巧译]
这座建筑的外观给人留下深刻的印象,它使我们想到一艘扬帆远航的船。
[解析] 本题考查两对形
容词的含义。inferior和superior互为反义词,inferior意为“低级的,劣于……的”
,superior
意为“比……好的,优于……的”。interior和exter
ior是一对反义词,interior意为“内在的”,exterior意为“外
在的”。
(27).Sharp ______ of temperature are very
common at this time every year.(分数:1.00)
ions
tutions
tions
ations √
解析:[妙翻巧译] 每年这个季节,气温剧烈变化是正常的。
[解析] 本题考查名词的
含义。situation意为“情况,形势”;constitution意为“宪法,章程,构成”;alt
eration
意为“变化,变更”;fluctuation意为“波动,起伏”,常用于形容情绪、
价格、温度等。
(28).Only by smashing the ______ of
convention can we carry our reform forward and win
the victory
eventually.(分数:1.00)
s
s
es √
解析:[妙翻巧译]
只有打破传统的束缚我们才能继续推进改革,取得最后的胜利。
[解析] 本题考查名词的意义。g
loom意为“阴郁、忧郁”;revolt意为“叛乱、反抗”;defect意为“缺陷、不足”;shac
kle
意为“约束、束缚、桎梏”。本句中由于only在句首,所以使用了倒装语序。
(29).It was far from being a pleasant
experience, but they believe that only if they
hold on to
it, it will ______ sooner or
later.(分数:1.00)
back
back
back
back √
解析:[妙翻巧译]
这种经历一点都不愉快,但他们相信只要坚持下去,迟早会有回报。
[解析]
本题考查动词短语。sit back意为“坐视,不采取行动”;hold
back意为“阻碍,妨碍,压抑”;cut back意
为“削减”;payr
back意为“偿还,回报”。句中的far from表示“远远不,一点都不”。
(30).It is hardly believable that such a
pretty young lady is as ______ as brass.(分数:1.00)
√
ul
解析:[妙翻巧译]
简直难以置信,这位年轻漂亮的女士竟然如此厚颜无耻。
[解析] B。本题考查固定用法as
bold as brass,意为“大模大样的,粗鲁无礼的,厚脸皮的”。bald意为“秃头的,
单调的”;shameful意为“可耻的”;shy意为“害羞的,羞涩的”。
八、PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSION(总题数:0,分数:0.00)
九、TEXT A(总题数:1,分数:5.00)
Age has its
privileges in America. And one of the more
prominent of them is the senior citizen
discount. Anyone who has reached a certain
age-in some cases as low as 55-is automatically
entitled
to a dazzling array of price
reductions at nearly every level of commercial
life. Eligibility
is determined not by one's
need but by the date on one's birth certificate.
Practically unheard
of a generation ago, the
discounts have become a routine part of many
businesses-as common as
color
televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on
airliners.
People with gray hair often are
given the discounts without even asking for them;
yet, millions
of Americans above age 60 are
healthy and solvent (有支付能力的). Businesses that
would never
dare offer discounts to college
students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to
older Americans.
The practice is acceptable
because of the widespread belief that elderly and
eedy are
synonymous (同义的). Perhaps that
once was true, but today elderly Americans as a
group have a
lower poverty rate than the rest
of the population. To be sure, there is economic
diversity within
the elderly, and many older
Americans are poor. But most of them aren't.
It is impossible to determine the impact of
the discounts on individual companies. For many
firms,
they are a stimulus to revenue. But in
other cases the discounts are given at the
expense, directly
or indirectly, of younger
Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in
what some politicians
and scholars see as a
coming conflict between the generations.
Generational tensions are being fueled by
continuing debate over Social Security benefit,
which
mostly involves a transfer of resources
from the young to the old. Employment is another
sore
point,buoyed (支持) by laws and court
decisions, more and more older Americans are
declining the
retirement dinner in favor of
staying on the job—thereby lessening employment
and promotion
opportunities for younger
workers.
Far from a kind of charity they once
were, senior citizen discounts have become a
formidable
economic privilege to a group with
millions of members who don't need them.
It
no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a
single group whose economic needs deserve
priority over those of others. Senior citizen
discounts only enhance the myth that older people
can't take care of themselves and need special
treatment; and they threaten the creation of a
new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and
taking for themselves at the expense of children
and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts
are the essence of the very thing older Americans
are fighting against-discrimination by age.
(分数:5.00)
(1).We learn from the
first paragraph that______.(分数:1.00)
ng
senior citizens discounts has become routine
commercial practice
citizen discounts have
enabled many old people to live a decent life
senior citizens discounts has boosted the
market for the elderly √
citizens have to
show their birth certificates to get a discount <
br>解析:[主旨大意]本文介绍了美国老年人所享受的折扣特权引发了一些社会矛盾,而老年人本身也并不领
情,认为这是
一种年龄歧视。
[名师点津]
1.Anyone who
has reached a certain age…at nearly every level of
commercial life:任何人只要达到一定年
龄,很多情况下55岁即可,就可自动享受商
业领域的名目繁多的各种价格优惠。be entitled to意为“有权,有资格”;
an
array of意为“大量的,一系列的”;a dazzling array of意为“多得令人
眼花缭乱的”。.
2.Generational tensions are being
fueled by continuing debate over Social Security
benefit.which
mostly involves a transfer of
resources from the young to the old:fuel作为名词意“燃料”,
作为动词意为“加
燃料”,在此句中表示“加剧,激化,火上浇油”。
3.Senior
citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older
people can't take care of themselves
and need
special treatment,and they threaten the creation
of a new myth,that the elderly are
ungrateful and taking for themselves at
the expense of children and other age
groups:本句中the
myth后
面使用了同位语从句。myth意为“神话”,这里指古老的广泛流传的观念。
题目考查对第一段的理解。第一段开头指出,美国的老年人只要到了一定年龄即可以享受商家的折扣,最后一句还
明确
指出瑜敨搠獩潣湵獴栠癡?敢潣敭愠爠畯楴敮瀠牡?景洠湡?畢楳敮獳獥,所以选C。第一段中未提
及折扣使得老年人生活
体面,促进了老年市场的兴旺等,所以B和C排除。从第二段第一句可以判断老年
人无需提供年龄证明即可获得优惠,
所以D也不符合题意,而且也不是第一段的考查内容。
(2).What assumption lies behind the practice
of senior citizen discounts?(分数:1.00)
sses,
having made a lot of profits, should do something
for society in return.
people are entitled
to special treatment for the contribution they
made to society.
elderly, being financially
underprivileged, need humane help from society. √
citizen discounts can make up for the
inadequacy of the Social Security system.
解析:
这是一道推断题。根据第二段第三句话可知,大家广泛认为“上年纪和贫困”是同义的,所以老年人在经济上应<
br>得到全社会的关怀和帮助。
(3).According to some
politicians and scholars, senior citizen discounts
will _______.(分数:1.00)
old people even more
dependent on society
ify conflicts between
the young and the old √
adverse financial
impact on business companies
a marked
increase in the companies' revenues
解析:本题考查对第
三段的理解。第三段主要讲老年人的优惠损害了其他群体的利益,如商家、年轻人的利益。解决此
题,可
使用寻读的方法,快速找到politicians and scholars。这几个信号词在本段最后一句
,细读此句可知政客和专
家认为这直接激发了不同年龄层次人之间的矛盾,所以正确答案为B。
(4).How does the author view the Social
Security system?(分数:1.00)
encourages
elderly people to retire in time.
opens up
broad career prospects for young people.
benefits the old at the expense of the young. √
should be reinforced by laws and court
decisions.
解析:本题考查作者对社会保障制度的观点态度,文章第四段帮助回答此题。
第四段提到社会保障制度对老年人和年轻
人之间的冲突如同火上浇油,老年人占据了很多本可以属于年轻
人的利益、就业和提升的机会。所以作者认为社会保障
制度牺牲了年轻人的利益来使老年人受益。
(5).Which of the following best summarizes the
author's main argument?(分数:1.00)
citizens
should fight hard against age discrimination.
elderly are selfish and taking senior
discounts for granted.
ty should be given to
the economic needs of senior citizens.
citizen discounts may well be a type of age
discrimination. √
解析:本题考查作者的论点,对文章最后两段的理解可以帮助
读者找出正确答案。倒数第二段指出对老年人的优惠曾经
是一种慈善,现在很大比例的老年人已经不需要
了。最后一段进一步指出,现在对老年人的优惠已经没有任何意义了,
认为这是一种年龄歧视。所以D是
最佳答案。
十、TEXT B(总题数:1,分数:5.00)
The United States court system, as part of the
federal system of government, is characterized
by dual hierarchies : there are both state and
federal courts. Each state has its own system of
courts, composed of civil and criminal trial
courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal,
and a state supreme court. The federal court
system consists of a series of trial courts
(called
district courts)serving relatively
small geographic regions (there is at least one
for every
state), a tier of circuit courts of
appeal that hear appeals from many district courts
in a
particular geographic region, and
the Supreme Court of the United States. The two
court systems
are to some extent over-
lapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such
as a claim that a state
law is in violation
of the Constitution) maybe initiated in either
system. They are also to some
extent
hierarchical, for the federal system stands above
the state system in that litigants (诉讼当事人)
who
lose their cases in the state supreme court may
appeal their cases to the Supreme
Court of
the United States.
Thus, the typical court
case begins in a trial court—a court of general
jurisdiction—in the
state or federal system.
Most cases go no further than the trial court: for
example, the criminal
defendant is convicted
(by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the
court and the case ends;
the personal injury
suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an
out-of-court settlement
by the parties while
the courts suit is pending) and the parties leave
the court system. But
sometimes the losing
party at the trial court cares enough about the
cause that the matter does
not end there. In
these cases, the loser at the trial court may
appeal to the next higher court.
(分数:5.00)
(1).The dual hierarchies in the
U.S. court system refer to ______.(分数:1.00)
and criminal trial courts
trial courts and
the supreme courts
and federal courts √
t courts and intermediate courts
解析:[主旨大意] 本文介绍了美国的两级法院体系:州法院和联邦法院。这两级法院有各自的组成部
分和分工,但在
某种程度上还有些重叠。
[名师点津]
本文是关于美国法院体系的文章,出现了很多法律术语,如:civil
court意为“民事法庭”,criminal court意为“刑
事法庭”,appeal
to意为“上诉”,case意为“案件”,trial
court意为“初审法院,预审法院”,jurisdiction意为
“管辖权”,an out-
of-court settlement意为“庭外和解”,defendant意为“被告”,
convict意为“宣判有罪”,sentence
意为“宣判,判决”,suit意为“诉讼”。
题目考查美国法院体系的特点,可参见第一段。文章第一段第一句就指出,美国法院体系是政府联邦体系
的组成部分,
它以两级结构为特点:包括州法院和联邦法院,所以选C。
(2).The
federal court system is composed of
______.(分数:1.00)
courts and circuit courts
courts and the Supreme Court of the states
ct courts, the Supreme Court of the states
and sometimes circuit courts
ct courts,
circuit courts and the Supreme Court of the states
√
解析:此题是事实细节题,考查联邦法院的组成部分。文章一段第三句话The federal
court system
consists of a series of trial co
urts……,湡?桴?畓牰浥?潃牵?景琠敨唠楮整?瑓瑡獥清楚地指明了联邦法院由三
个部分组成:
a series of trial courts(called district courts),a
tier of circuit
courts of appeal and the
Supreme Court of the United States。原文中用了词组consist
of,题干用了be composed
of,属于同义词组。做此题时,不要受到句子长度的影响,
要抓主干,排除现在分词短语做后置定语和定语从句对句子
理解的干扰。
(3).______ best describe the relationship
between the two court systems.(分数:1.00)
chical
el
pping
chical
and overlapping √
解析:此题考查对第一段的理解和概括能力。第一段最后两句话总结了美国法院的两个特点:The
two court
systems are to some extent over-
lapping...They are also to some extent
hierarchical…,所 正确。D以.
(4).The typical court
case begins in ______.(分数:1.00)
A.a trial
court
B.a supreme court
C.a trial
court in the state system
D.a trial court in
the state or federal system √
解析:此题考查事实细节,依据第
二段第一句话可做出判断,典型案件开始于州法院体系或联邦法院体系的一个初审法
院——一个具有普遍
管辖权的法院。
(5).The losing party of a case at the
trial court can appeal to ______.(分数:1.00)
supreme court of the United States
federal
trial court
next higher court √
intermediate or circuit court
解析:此题考查对文章最后两句话
的理解。根据这两旬可知,在初审法院的“败诉方”可以将案件上诉至高一级法院。
所以C为正确选项。
十一、TEXT C(总题数:1,分数:5.00)
Edward
Patrick Eagan was born on April 26, 1897, in
Denver, Colorado, and his father died in a
railroad accident when Eagan was only a year
old. He and his four brothers were raised by his
mother, who earned a small income from
teaching foreign languages.
Inspired by Frank
Merriwell, the hero of a series of popular novels
for boys, Eagan pursued an
education for
himself as well as an interest in boxing. He
attended the University of Denver for
a year
before serving in the U. S. Army as an artillery
lieutenant during World War I. After the
war,
he entered Yale University and, while studying
there, won the U. S. national amateur
heavyweight boxing title. He graduated from
Yale in 1921, attended Harvard Law School, and
received
a Rhodes scholarship to the
University of Oxford where he received his A.M. in
1928.
While studying at Oxford, Eagan became
the first American to win the British amateur
boxing
championship. Eagan won his first
Olympic gold medal as a light heavyweight boxer at
the 1920
Olympic Games in Antwerp, Belgium.
Eagan also fought at the 1924 Olympics in Paris as
a heavyweight
but failed to get a medal.
Though he had taken up the sport just three weeks
before the competition,
he managed to win a
second gold medal as a member of the four-man
bobsled team at the 1932 Olympics
in Lake
Placid, New York. Thus he became the only athlete
to win gold medals at both the Summer
and
Winter Olympics.
Eagan was a member of the
first group of athletes inducted into the U. S.
Olympic Hall of Fame
in 1983. Eagan became a
respected attorney, serving as an assistant
district attorney for southern
New York and
as chairman of the New York State Athletic
Commission (1945-1951). He married soap
heiress Margaret Colgate and attained the rank
of lieutenant colonel during World War Ⅱ.
(分数:5.00)
(1).What is the main idea of
the passage?(分数:1.00)
's life shows how a
wealthy student can achieve as much as a poor one.
's life shows that military experience makes
athletes great.
's life shows that a man can
be an athlete and a well-educated person. √
's life shows how easy it is to win
two gold medals in different Olympic sports.
解析:[主旨大意] 本文属于传记类的作品,介绍了美国运动员Edward Patrick
Eagan富于传奇色彩的一生。
主旨大意题。题目考查对全文的整体理解。只有选项C包括了Ea
gan的教育和运动生涯。选项A所含信息文中未提及。
选项B和D是对文章的错误理解。
[名师点津]
1.本文是人物传记,用简单的文字,高度概括地介绍了主人公的生平。行文
简洁,句式富有变化,经常把 几个重要信
息用一句话串联起来,各种从句使用得自然恰切。.
2.Eagan was a member of the first group of
athletes inducted into the U.S.Olympic Hall of
Fame
in 1983:the U.S.Olympic Hall of Fame(美国奥
林匹克名人堂)是1979年由美国奥委会和可口可乐公司一起创立的,
以表彰美国历来最杰出的奥运选
手。
(2).According to the passage, how did
Eagan's mother earn a living?(分数:1.00)
g
rooms to immigrants.
ng foreign languages. √
laundry and cleaning.
g fiction for
women's magazines.
解析:这是一道细节题。根据第一段最后一句话可知,他母
亲通过教外语获得微薄的收入。所以正确答案为B。
(3).Which of the
following is the closest in meaning to the word
artillery as used in paragraph
2?(分数:1.00)
weapons such as cannons. √
weapons
such as pistols.
er weapons such as rifles.
n weapons such as crossbows.
解析:本题是词义辨析题
,考查对artillery一词的掌握,该词意为“大炮”,所以与选项A中的cannon是同义词。因为Eagan参加的是第一次世界大战,所以选项D首先排除。
(4).According
to the passage, Eagan won all of the following
EXCEPT ______.(分数:1.00)
heavyweight boxing,
Olympic gold medal
B.U.S. national amateur
heavyweight boxing title
h amateur boxing
championship
eight boxing, Olympic gold
medal √
解析:本题为细节题,要注意题干中的关键词EXCEPT。第三段第三句已经提到
Eagan没有获得这个奖牌,所以选项D与
事实不符,因此是本题的正确答案。
(5).According to the passage, what was Eagan's
profession?(分数:1.00)
was a boxing trainer.
was an attorney. √
was an army
officer.
was president of Colgat
解析:本题为细节题。原文并未出现profession一词,但在第四段第二句提到Eagan
became a respected
瑡潴湲祥,因此可以确定他的职业是attorney。
十二、TEXT D(总题数:1,分数:5.00)
The
first folio edition of the collected works of
William Shakespeare was originally published
Mr. William Shakespeare's Comedies, Histories
& Tragedies
. This folio in 1623 as edition is
the
major source for contemporary texts of
his plays.
The publication of drama in the
early seventeenth century was usually left to the
poorer members
of the Stationers' Company and
to outright pirates. The would-be publisher only
had to get hold
of a manuscript,
legally or illegally, register it as his copy, and
have it printed. Sometimes
the publisher
dispensed with the formality. Such a man was
Thomas Thorpe, the publisher of
Shakespeare's
sonnets in 1609.
Titus Andronicus
was
the first play by shakespeare to be published and
was printed by a notorious
Romeo and
Juliet
,
literary pirate, John Danter, who
also brought out, anonymously, a defectivelargely
from shorthand notes
made during performance.
Eighteen of Shakespeare's plays were printed
in quartos (books about half the size of a
modern magazine) both good and adefore the First
Folio (a large-format book) was published in
1623. The bad quartos are defective editions,
usually
with badly garbled or missing text.
For the First Folio, a formidable project of
more than 900 pages, five men formed a
partnership,
undertook
Condeli Henry and
Heminge John The actors Jaggard. William and
Blount Edward by headed
the collection of 36
of Shakespeare's plays, and about 1,000 copies of
the First Folio were printed
by Isaac
Jaggard, William's sore In 1632, a second folio
was issued and in 1663,a third. The latter
included Pericles and several other plays that
may not have been written by Shakespeare. These
The Two Noble Kinsmen
, which is now
thought to have been acollaboration of Shakespeare
included
and John Fletcher.
(分数:5.00)
(1).From the passage it can be
inferred that the First Folio of Shakespeare's
plays is important
because it(分数:1.00)
registered at the Stationer's office by Thomas
Thorpe
the major source for contemporary
texts of Shakespeare's plays
twice the size
of the quarto editions that were badly printed by
many publishers √
published three years
after the establishment of the Plymouth Colony
解析:[主旨大意] 本文主要介绍了第一版以对开本形式出版的莎士比亚作品集。
本题为
推断题。第一版对开本收录的作品是以往印刷的莎翁作品集数作品数量的两倍,编辑团队精良,由两位演员负责<
br>选文,保证了作品的可靠性和完善性。以往四开本或文本混淆或缺页,存在各种缺陷。选项B在第一段中明
确提到,而
题目问的是可以从文中未直接说出,但可以推测出的信息,因而B与题意不符。选项A和D无
法从文中找出支持其成立
的证据。
[名师点津]
1.本章介绍的是莎士比亚作
品集早期的出版情况,有不少跟书籍出版相关的词语,如.folio(对开本)、manuscript(手<
br>稿)、quarto(四开本)等。文中还提到了一些莎翁的剧作,如Titus
Andronicus(泰特斯·安
特洛尼克斯),Romeo and
Juliet(罗密欧与朱丽叶),Pericles(伯里克利),The Two Noble
Kinsmen(两贵
戚)。
2.The bad quartos
are defective editions,usually with badly garbled
or missing text:糟糕的四开本都存
在缺陷,经常是文本混乱或者缺失。Defect
ive意为“有缺陷的、欠缺的”;garbled意为“歪曲的、被搞乱的、混淆的”。
(2).The passage implies that many publishers
______.(分数:1.00)
unsuccessful authors
themselves
d the work of only the best
writers
an author's work without permission
√
the author very well for his writing
解析:本题为推断题。文章第二段和第三段中都提到了剧本被盗版、盗印的情况,因此可以推断出不少作品的出
版并未
经过作者允许。
(3).According to the
passage, when were Shakespeare's sonnets
published?(分数:1.00)
A.1609. √
B.1610.
C.1611.
D.1612.
解析:本题为细节题。第二段最后一句提到Such a man was Thomas
Thorpe,the publisher of Shakespeare's
潳湮瑥?湩ㄠ?尹,其他选项文中都未涉及。
(4).Which word is
closest in meaning to the phrase rought out as
used in the third paragraph?(分数:1.00)
hed. √
d.
med.
.
解析:本题为推断题、词汇理解题。pu
blish指的是图书的出版,而print意为书籍的印刷。从上下文可
在这里是出版
之意。bring about知,
(5).The passage
implies that John Danter acquired the text of
Romeo and Juliet by ______.(分数:1.00)
an
actor for a copy of the script
the
copyright from Shakespeare
notes during a
performance √
an actor to recite the lines
to him
解析:本题为词汇理解题。第三段第一句提到…John Danter,who
also brought out,anonymously,a
defective
Romeo and Juliet,慬杲汥?牦浯猠潨瑲慨摮渠瑯獥洠摡?畤楲杮瀠牥潦慭据履,shorth
and是“速记”的意
思,与题干中的take notes同义。
十三、PART Ⅵ WRITING(总题数:0,分数:0.00)
十四、SECTION A COMPOSITION(总题数:1,分数:15.00)
December 1st is the World AIDS Day. Since the
first AIDS case appeared in the United States
3.
in 1981, AIDS has been threatening
mankind for three decades and spared 25 million
people's
lives.
What can be done to fight
against AIDS?
Write a composition of about
200 words on the following topic :
Away
from AIDS
You are to write in three
parts.
In the first part, state the
seriousness of the problem.
In the second
part, explain the major causes of problem and list
the measures to fight it.
In the
last part, bring what you have written to a
natural conclusion or a summary.
Marks will
be awarded for content, organization, grammar and
appropriateness. Failure to follow
the
instructions may result in a loss of marks.
(分数:15.00)
__________________
__________________________________________________
______________________
正确答案:([参考范文]
Away
from AIDS
Currently,the
increasingly serious AIDS problem has become a
global concern.AIDS endangers
people's
physical and mental health,and thus poses
tremendous threat to the world.It is reported
that AIDS has spared about 25 million
people's lives so far.It is high time we realized
the gravity
of the problem.
Much has been done to fight against
AIDS.For instance,December 1st is marked as the
World AIDS
Day with a red ribbon as
its symbol with a view to raising people's
awareness.But more attention
and
efforts are needed.To start with,governments and
healthcare organizations should invest
more
in AIDS research so that effective cures can be
discovered to relieve patients from their
anguish and to prolong their
lives.Secondly,people's fear of AIDS arises
primarily from the
lack of knowledge
about the disease.Some even fear that AIDS might
be spread by taking meals
at the same table
with AIDS patients or catching their cough or
sneeze.Definitely not.People
get infected
with HIV,the virus that causes AIDS,mainly through
blood transfusion,unprotected
sexual contact,
mother—to-child transmission and sharing needles
with HIV carriers.Therefore
the AIDS
knowledge should be spread in whole society to
enhance education.Seminars,TV features,picture
exhibitions and some activities with AIDS
patients involved are good options.What's
more,each individual
is obliged to do
something for the fight against AIDS.Instead of
keeping far
away from AIDS patients, we
should support them with our warmth and
sympathy.The disease has
caused great
suffering physically.People's prejudice will do
more harm to them mentally.Isolation
.from
the society might drive them into despair and as a
result lose hope for life
I firmly believe
that the joint efforts from all the people do
matter in the battle against the
AIDS,and the
world will become more beautiful as long as
everyone devotes a little love.)
解析:[谋篇布局] <
br>1.第一部分可陈述艾滋病是一个世人关注的问题,多年来威胁着人们的身心健康,夺去了数千万人的生命
。可用数据
来增强说服力,强调艾滋病问题的严峻性。
2.第二部分着重分析可以采取什么
措施来预防和抗击艾滋病,关爱艾滋病人,减轻他们的痛苦。具体措施可从政府、
媒体和个人等几个不同
角度阐述,还可以根据传播艾滋病的途径来有针对性地提出解决措施。
3.第三部分进行概括总结,大力呼吁各方同心协力共同为抗击艾滋病而努力。
[亮点回放]
用词亮点
(1)pose tremendous
threat to:对……构成威胁。
(2)with a view to:以……为目的。
(3)relieve patients from their
anguish:缓解病人的痛苦。
(4)arise from:源于,由……引起。
句式亮点
(1)虚拟语气句式的使用。如:It is high time we
realized the gravity of the problem。
(2)被动语态的运用。如:Much has been done to fight
against AIDS。
篇章亮点
(1)文章开头运用数据说明了艾滋病对人类威胁的严峻性,增强了文章的可信度;
(2)文章主次分明,重点突出,主体段着力分析了可采取的措施,层次清晰。
十五、SECTION B NOTE-WRITING(总题数:1,分数:10.00)
Write a note of about 50 — 60 words based
on the following situation :
4.
William Johnson, a professor from
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is paying a
visit to
your university. As engaged, he is
going to give a lecture. You are the Secretary of
the
Administration office. Write a note,
telling him the arrangements and asking him to let
you know
if he has any other
questions.
Marks will be awarded for content,
organization, grammar and appropriateness.
(分数:10.00)
__________________
__________________________________________________
______________________
正确答案:([参考范文]
April 20,2009
Dear Professor Johnson,
Welcome to our university.I am Yang
Feng,Secretary of the Administration office.As
engaged,you are invited
to deliver a lecture
on climate change and environment during your
visit.It is
now scheduled for
3:00-5:00,Thursday afternoon,April 22,at the
University Auditorium A car
will be sent to
pick you up at your hotel at 2:30 P.m.Please
inform me if you have any other
questions.I
can be contacted at 83472022 during office
hours.Thank you.
Respectfully yours,
Yang Feng)
解析:[谋篇布局]
这是一篇与外国专家在讲座前联络
的便笺,应着重突出讲座的时间、地点、车辆安排及其他相关事宜。注意语言要明晰
简要,内容要具体精
确。首先可以表示对专家的欢迎,然后自我介绍,再具体介绍相关安排,最后表明如有其他问题可
与你及
时联系。由于是与外籍专家沟通,语气不宜过于随便。
[亮点回放]
范文符合应用文体
的一般要求,称谓礼貌,内容全面。先表示欢迎,然后自我介绍,其后就相关具体时间、地点进行周
密安
排,最后留下联系方式,可谓面面俱到,值得借鉴。
]
举一反三[
(1)It's our great honorpleasure to…(很荣幸很高兴……。)
(2)Don't hesitate to let me know if
you…(如果你……,请尽管直说。)
(3)It will be highly
appreciated if you would…(如果你能……,我将非常感激。)
熟桐油-第二类间断点
identity是什么意思中文翻译-伛的意思
普特英语听力-RDC
字母拼音-天朗气清
党的成语-肃然
电驴是什么-鸟嘌呤的字母
葺怎么读-领衬
父母英文-主管英文
-
上一篇:解码英语专业四级和专业八级
下一篇:英语专业四级考试复习与应试建议