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专业四级考试语法-虚拟语气(全)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-24 18:51
tags:专四考试时间

humana-双胞胎英语怎么说

2020年10月24日发(作者:戈尔季)


Subjunctive Mood
1. 语气Mood
语气是动词的一种 形式,表示说话人对一事物和人的态度和看法。包括陈述语气,祈
使语气和虚拟语气三种。

陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹
句。
①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
②Were you busy all day yesterday昨天一整天你都很忙吗
③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!
祈使语气祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
③May you succeed!祝您成功!
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达未能成为事实或者不可能成为 事实的情况,或
者在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。此外还可用来表示命令、建议、设想、祝愿(或
诅咒)等等,以及表达说话人的主观愿望。
时间

将来
从句谓语形式
动词过去式(be用were)
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形
现在
过去
动词过去式(be 用 were) would should might could + 动词原形

would should might could + 动词原形
主句谓语形式
had +动词过去分词 would should might could have + 动词过去分词
情态动词+ have done
could have done 本来可以- - -
might have done 本来可能 - - -
should ought to have done 本来应该做 - - -
shouldn’t ought not to have done 本不该做 - -
你本不应该告诉她真相。

You shouldn’t have told her the truth .
needn’t have done 本不必做 - - -
比较:didn’t need to do 没必要做也没有做 - - -
我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了

I didn’t need to clean the windows . My brother did it.
would have done 本来会去做----

(1)与现在事实相反
If the earth had no gravity, the moon would fly to the sun.
如果地球没有引力,月球就会飞向太阳。
If I werewas you I would reconsider their proposal.
我要是你,我就会重新考虑他们的建议。
If it weren’twasn’t raining, we wouldn’t stay indoor.
要是现在不下雨,我们就不会呆在屋里。


If the manager werewas here, he might make a decision.
要是经理在这儿,他也许会作出决定。

(2)与过去事实相反
If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
我要是早点动身就赶上火车了。
If she hadn’t taken your advice, she would have made a bad mistake.
她要不是听了你的劝告,就要犯大错误了。
She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.
要不是太忙,她就来了。

(3)与将来事实相反,或将来不太可能发生,或说话人主观上不希望发生
If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
要是我来作这件事,我会用另一种做法。
If the rocket should fall in a few seconds, it would certainly explode.
如果火箭几秒钟内竟然向下坠落,那就一定会爆炸。
If he should fail, we would encourage him to try again.
万一他失败,我们就鼓励他再试一试。

(4)错综时间非真实条件句
错综时间非真实条件句是指条件句与主句动作发生的时间不一致。因此,主句和从句
的谓语动词要根据各 自的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式,其形式依据时间的不同仍然遵
循表1给出的规则。例如:
If we had set out earlier, we wouldn’t be walking in the rain.
如果我们早点动身,现在就不会在雨中走了。(从句发生在过去,主句发生在现在。)
If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.
如果你身体好些,我们就让你和他们一道做这工作了。(从句发生在现在,主句发生在将来。)
If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.
如果我们到现在还未准备好,明天就会有很多麻烦。(从句发生在过去,主句发生在将来。)

(5)省略if的非真实条件句
如果非真实条件句中的谓语包括had, should, were三个词,连接词if可以省略。这时
had, should, were要移到主语前面,形成倒装。这种句型主要见于书面形式。例如:
Had he not been ill, he might have come.
要不是他生病了,他是会来的。
Should she come here, we would discuss this matter with her.
要是他来这儿的话,我们就和她讨论这件事。
Were I to do it, I would do it in a different way.
要是我来做这件事,我会用另一种不同的方法。
Were you not here, none of us would come.
如果你们不在这儿,我们没人会来。

(6)用介词短语表示假设条件
有时可以用介词短语做假设条件,以取代非真实条件句中的if从句。例如:
Without air, there would be no wind or clouds.
如果没有空气,就不会有风或云。
I would have succeeded with you help.
如果有你的帮助,我本会成功。
In that case we could have done the work better.
如果是那样的话,我们本可能把工作做得更好些的。
But for the storm we would have been in time.
要不是暴风雨,我们原本会准时(到达)的。




3. 一些程序化了的必须或可能使用虚拟语气的情况
在英语中,有些动词、短语、句型中,必须或可能要使用虚拟语气,下面逐一说明:
(1)wish, if only, would rather, would sooner 后的虚拟语气
wish, if only, would rather, would sooner是指人们无法实现或很难实现的主观愿望
表2. 从句中谓语动词的形式
用 法 动词形式
表示当时未实现的愿望
表示过去未实现的愿望
一般过去式
过去完成式
表示将来不可能实现或实现可能性很小的愿
过去将来式
望 < br>注意1.表2中谓语动词的形式与非真实条件句(见表1)的条件状语从句中的谓语动词形式
基本 相同。
注意2.在过去式中,如果词语动词是be,则一切人称均可用were。但单数第一、三人称 也
可用was。

●wish后的从句
wish表示过去或现在未实现 的主观愿望,以及将来实现不了或很难实现的愿望,可以
翻译成中文:“希望”、“真希望”、“要是… 就好了”
I wish I knew his address.
真希望我知道他的地址。(愿望与现在的事实相反)
I wish I were as young as you.
我要是像你一样年轻该多好。(愿望与现在的事实相反)
She wish she knew how to drive the car.
她希望她知道怎样开这辆车。(愿望与现在的事实相反)
We wish he hadn’t gone.
我们真希望他没有走。(愿望与过去的事实相反)
We wish we could live on the moon for a few days in the future.
真希望我们将来能在月球上住几天。(将来的愿望在说话人看来很难实现)
注意1. 如果wish是过去式(wished),后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式不变,在译为中 文
时,可以加上“当时”、“那里”。例如:
I wish I were young. 我真希望我还年轻。(愿望与现在的事实相反)
wish改为过去式后,其后的从句不变:
I wished I were young. (当时)我真希望我还年轻。(愿望与当时的事实相反)
注意2. 在动词hope后要用陈述语气。

●if only后的从句
if only表示“但愿”、“要是…就好了”、“(我)真希望…”。意义与用法和I wish基本相
同。但更具有感情色彩。
If only I had more time to think about it.
但愿我有更多的时间考虑它。
If only he would not eat so much sugar.
要是他不吃那么多糖就好了。
If only he had taken my advice years ago.
要是几年前他听了我的劝告就好了。

●would rather, would sooner后的从句
would rather, would sooner的意思都是“宁愿 ”,其后的从句表示过去或现在没发生的
愿望,或者是在说话人看来将来不太可能实现的愿望。
I would rathersooner he had gone there too.


我宁愿他也去那里。(过去没有实现的愿望)
I would rathersooner the football match would take place tomorrow.
我宁愿足球赛明天举行。(说话人看来将来不太可能实现的愿望。)

(2)as if (as though)
as if 或 as though 引导的方式状语从句有时要用虚拟语气。
表3. 方式状语从句中谓语动词的形式
用 法 动词形式
表示与现在事实相反
表示与过去事实相反
一般过去式
过去完成式
表示与将来事实相反,或将来成为事实的可能性不大 过去将来式
注意 1.表3中谓语动词的形式与非真实条件句(见表1)的条件状语从句中的谓语动词形式
基本相同。 < br>注意2.在过去式中,如果词语动词是be,则一切人称均可用were。但单数第一、三人称也
可用was。
例如:
He talk as if he knew all about.
他谈起来好像全知道似的。(与现在事实相反,实际上他并不知道)
She looked as if she were made of ice.
她看起来似乎是冰做的。(与现在事实相反,她并不是用冰做的)
I feel as if we had known each other for years.
我感到好像我们已经相识多年似的。(与过去事实相反,我们没有相识多年)
It seemed as if the meeting would never end.
看起来会议不会结束了。(与将来事实相反,实际上会议还是会结束的)
注意!as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句即可以使用虚拟语气,也可以使用陈述语气。但
表态的意义 有所区别,例如:
He walk as if he is drunk.

他走起路来好像喝醉了。(陈述语气,有可能真的喝醉了)
He walk as if her were drunk.
他走起路来好像喝醉了似的。(虚拟语气,在说话人看来,他并没有喝醉)

(3)it is (high, about) time
it is (high, about) time后的that从句谓语动词用一般过去时,表示“已到了该干…的时
候了”,含 有“已经有些晚了”的意思。其中that可以省略。短语中的high与about用于加
强和缓和语 气。
It is high time that we were off.
是我们该走的时候了。
It’s (about) time you were in bed.
你(差不多)该上床睡觉了。


(4)but for和but that
在带有but for和but that的句型中,一般要使用虚拟语气,but for和but that都译为
“要不是…”、“如果没有…”,其中but for是介词,后接名词;but that是连词,后接从句。
注意:but for +名词与but that +从句都可以看作 用于代替非真实条件句中的条件从句,所以
本句型的虚拟语气形式与非真实条件句中的主句相同(见表1 中的主句一栏)。
●but for
but for是短语介词,译为“要不是…”、“如 果没有…”。相当于用介词代替非真实条件
句中的if条件从句,见§2.(6)
例如:


But for the storm we would have been in time. (=if it had not been for the storm……)
要不是暴风雨,我们原本会准时(到达)的。
We would have been in real trouble but for your help. (=if it hadn’t been for you help……)
如果没有你的帮助,我们原本会陷入严重的困难之中。
●but that
but that是连词,译为“要不是…”、“如果没有…”。作用相当于非真实条件句中的if
条件从句。
注意:与非真实条件句不同,but that条件从句要用陈述语气,只有主句要用虚拟语气。
例如:
But that you helped him, he would have failed. (=if you hadn’t helped him……)
如果没有你帮助他,他原本会失败的。
从上面例句可以看出,虽然动作发生在过去,but that从句中的谓语动词help用的是陈
述语气(一般过去时而非虚拟语气的过去完成时)。


(5)在lest, for fear that, in case, so that引导的从句中
在lest, for fear that, in case, so that 引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,
从句的谓语动词一般用:shouldc ouldmight + 动词原形
He reminded her twice of it lest she should forget.
他提醒了她两次,怕她忘记。
He took his umbrella with him lest it should rain.
他带上了雨伞,担心会下雨。
I will not make a noise for fear (that) I shouldmight disturb you.
我不会作声,以免打扰你。
Take some money with you in case you should need it.
带上点钱,以防急需。

(6)事实陈述句 + orotherwiseor else +虚拟句
①与现在事实相反,主句谓语动词用shouldcouldmight + v. 原形
②与过去事实相反,主句谓语动词用shouldcouldmight +have done
Eg. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the parade.

(7)在公式化的句子中:
在一些公式化的句子中,要用虚拟语气,这时谓语动词不随人称 、时态和数发生变化,
谓语的形式为动词原形或may + 动词原形(常倒装)。
God save the Queen!
上帝保佑女王!
God bless you!
上帝保佑你!
Long live peace!
和平万岁
Heaven forbid that I should let my own parents suffer.
让自己的父母受苦,天理不容。
May you enjoy a ripe old age!
愿君长寿!(倒装)


4.在其它从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议、命令、要求、想法以及表示“重要性”、“紧迫性 ”、“惊奇”等含义的主
语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中,从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。 下面我们


逐个说明。

(1)在It iswas + 形容词的主语从句中
在某些表示“建议、重要性、紧迫性、惊奇”含意的形容词在“It iswas + 形容词”结
构中,主语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,其中动词的形式为:(should+)动词原形 (美国
英语不用should),例如:
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.
有必要马上派他到那里去。
It iswas important that everyone (should) have a map.
每个人都有一个地图很重要。
It was arranged that they leave the following week.
根据安排,他们下星期动身。
适用上述结构的形容词有:
advisable, anxious, appropriate, arranged, better, compulsory, crucial, decided, demanded,
desirable, desired, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural,
necessary, obligatory, ordered, preferable, proper, proposed, recommended, requested,
suggested, urgent, vital, willing等等。
此外还有amazing, odd, ridiculous, surprising, unthinkable等,也适用于上述结构,但即使在
美国英语中,should也不省略。
It’s ridiculous that he should behave like that.
他那样做真可笑。


(2)在宾语从句中
在某些 表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”含意的动词后面的宾语从句中,从句的谓语动
词要用虚拟语气,从句动 词的形式为:(should+)动词原形 (美国英语不用should),例如:
Bill suggested that everyone (should) have a map.
比尔建议每个人都应该有一个地图。
They requested that he (should) sign a song.
他们要求他唱支歌。
She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.
她坚持要预定座位。
适用上述结构的动词有
Advise, agree, decide, decree, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose,
recommend, request, require, resolve, stipulate, urge, vote等等。


(2)在名词性从句中
在某些表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”含意的名词,与该名词相关的名词性从句如:
主语从 句、表语从句、同位语从句中,从句的谓语动词要使用虚拟语气,从句动词的形式
为:(should+ )动词原形 (美国英语不用should),例如:
It was bill’s suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
每个人都有一个地图是比尔的建议。(主语从句)
His suggestion was that everyone (should) have a map.
他的建议是每个人都有一个地图。(表语从句)
We were going to discuss his suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
我们将讨论他的每个人都应该有一个地图的建议。(同位语从句)
适用上述结构的名词有
Advice, agreement, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, instruction,
motion, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, resolution, stipulation, suggestion等
等。


二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气
1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语
为: should + 动词原形。并且 should不能省略
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了
一遍,以防盗贼的进入。
He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。
(2) 在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为: can ma
y could might will would should + 动词原形。如:
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以
便能挺得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得
很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气
(1) 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气,主句、从句的
结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如:
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也
不知该怎么办。
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗再世也
就不了他。
(2) 在whatever, whichever,whenever,whoever, wherever,however, no matter w
h-word 等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为:
① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如:
We will finish it on time no matter what whatever may happen. 不管发生什么
事,我们都要按时完成。
We will find him wherever no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里,我们都要
找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚,我都会等
他。
② may +完成式(指过去) ,主句结构不限。如:


You mustn’t be proud whatever no matter what great progress you may have m
ade. 不管你取得了多么大的进步,你也不能骄傲。
We must respect him no matter what whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么
错误,我们必须尊敬他。
Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.
I won’t let you in whoever you may be.
No matter what you may say, I am determined to do what I think is right.
Come what may, we will go ahead.
这时如果指的是一个过去的动作,may后面的动词就要用完成式。
The party was a success, however inadequate the preparations may have been.
You mustn’t be proud, however much you may have achieved.

(3) 在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中,从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动
词原形,主句结构不限。如:
Although Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 就算他经常迟
到,他还是个好学生。
Although Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 就算他是书
记,他也必须遵守规定。
3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气
as if, as though引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为:
表示所发生的时间
发生在主句动作之前
与主句动作同时发生
发生在主句动作之后
例如:
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热
烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气
amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud,
sorry, surprised, upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
虚拟语气结构
had + 过去分词
过去时(be 用were )
would could might should+原形动词


① should + 动词原形 (指现在或将来)。如:
He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气,你竟然对他直呼其名。
I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟
答不出如此简单的问题。
② should + 完成式, 指过去。如:
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾,你这次考试竟然失
败了。
I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃
惊,父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情。
三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1.英语中,如:advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propos
e, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般< br>用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 原形动词。如:
The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝
我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求
我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
但是,当insist的意思为:坚决认为,坚持说; suggest的意思为:表明,暗含,暗示等
时,宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如:
Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中
成功了。
2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用
虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为: should + 原形动词。如:
Can you believe that he should kill a tiger 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎
Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest 你
能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名
3. 英语中,wish之后的宾语从句,表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望,常用
虚拟语气。其虚拟 语气的结构为:
表示所发生的时间
发生在主句动作之前
虚拟语气结构
(1)had + 过去分词;


(2)would could might should + have + 过去分词
与主句动作同时发生
发生在主句动作之后
例如:
I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已学好了英语。
I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。
He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。
4. 英语中,would rather, had rather, would sooner等 之后的宾语从句常表示与客观
事实不相符的一种愿望,故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:
表示所发生的时间
过去
现在
将来
例如:
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。
I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。
四、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等 意义的主语从句中常使用虚拟语气,其虚拟语其
的结构为: should + 动词原形,主句中的谓语动词形式不限。
句型:
(1) It is admirable dreadful extraordinary odd remarkable sad advisable
annoying disappointing surprising upsetting frightening better best curiou
s desirable important strange peculiar proper necessary natural …that…
(2) It is a pity a shame no wonder…. that…
(3) It is suggested requested desired proposed …. that …
(4) It worries me that…
如:
It is important that we should do well in our lessons first. 我们先把功课学好很重
要。
It is strange that he should not come. 很奇怪,他竟没有来。
虚拟语气结构
had + 过去分词;
过去时(be 用were )
过去时(be 用were )
过去时(be 用were )
would could might should + 原形动词


It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。
It worries me that we should be blamed for that. 我们竟要受责备真让人烦恼。
五、表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气
英语中,表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instructio
n, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句
子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时,表语从表面上看几屗及同位语从句都 须
用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:(should) + 动词原形。如:
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help. 我们接受了他的
建议:我们应该请求老师的帮助。
He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法:他想上
大学。
His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建议就是我们的
工作要更细心些。
Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown. 他们的计划
就是在家乡建一座新工厂。
六、定语从句中的虚拟语气
英语中,表示: “早该做某事了”时,定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气,其虚拟语气
的结构为:It is (high about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式 should + 动词原形。如:
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
7. 简单句中的虚拟语气
1. 说话时,为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌,言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚 拟语气
的结构形式常为:would could might should + 原形动词。如:
Would you mind my shutting the door 我把门关起来你介意吗
You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2. 表示“祝愿”时,常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。如:
May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时,常用动词原形。如:
Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国******万岁。


God bless us. 上帝保佑。
4. 习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。
(1) 提出请求或邀请。如:
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗
Could I use your bike now 我可以用一下你的单车吗
(2) 陈述自己的观点或看法。如:
I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。
I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。
(3) 提出劝告或建议。如:
You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。
You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。
(4) 提出问题。如:
Do you think he could get here on time 你认为他能按时来吗
Do you expect he would tell us the truth 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗
(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时,常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为:“情态动词 + ha
ve + 过去分词”。如:
You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。


一、错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚 拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即
指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具 体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相
应的调整。如:
If you’d listened to me, you wouldn't be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话,
你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。
二、含蓄虚拟条件句
所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如:
To hear him talk,you'd think he was Prime Minister. 听他讲话你会以为他是首相。
Without your help,I couldn't have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助,我不会取得这
些成就。


三、连用虚拟语气的几个固定表达
有三个表示“若不是”、“要不是”的表达,它们总是连用虚拟语气,它们是 but for, if i
t were not for, it it hadn’t been for。如:
But for your help we would have been late. 幸亏你帮忙,要不我们就迟到了。
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 要不是有你帮忙,我们
是不会成功的。
四、虚拟语气的省略与倒装
有时可将条件从句的连词 if 省略,而将从句中的were, should, had 等提到句首。如:
Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你帮忙,我现在不会
干得这样好。
Had I been there, I would have asked her the question. 如果我在那里,我就会问她
这个问题。

虚拟语气典型考题10例

1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. ” “I
B. did C. had D. would
t’s time you ________. ”
A. Do
______. ”
A. Don’t B. hadn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
3. It has been raining for a day, but even though it had
n’t rained, we ________ there by tomorrow.
A. can’t get
ouldn’t get
4. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Oth
erwise, she ________ something she would regret later.
A. had said
have said
B. said C. might say D. might
B. won’t get C. hadn’t got D. w
2. “I’ve told everyone about it. ” “Oh, I’d rather you __


5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ______
__ badly wounded and that he ________ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
erated on
C. was; should be operated
on
6. I forget where I read the article, or I ________ it to
you now.
A. will show B. would show
C. am going to show D. am showing
7. —Why didn’t you go to yesterday’s meeting
—I would have but I ________ too busy working on the
important experiment.
A. had been
ami but to New York
— I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused
to.
A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; tha
t
C. should not be sent; what
what
9. The workers will go on strike if the demands they __
______ put forward are turned down.
A. could B. would C. 不填 D. had
10. ________ fired, your health care and other benefits
will not be immediately cut off.
D. should not send;
B. was C. were D. am
8.—Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Mi
D. was; be operated
B. were; must be op


A. Would you be
be




答案与解析:
B. Should you be C. Could you
D. Might you be
1. B。It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。
按照英语语法,it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。
2. B。I’d rather 后接从句时,从句谓语的时态规律是:用过去式表示现在或将来,用
过去完成式表示过去。
3. A。we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实,故宜用陈述语气。
4. D otherwise 在此相当于 if she had not walked away from the discussion,即暗
示一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
5. D。insisted 接第一个宾语从句,表示“坚持认为(是怎么回事)”,用陈述语气;接第二
个 宾语从句,表示“坚决要求(做某事)”,用虚拟语气。
6. B。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件,即 or=if I didn’t forge
t where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了)。
7. B。易受前面虚拟语气的影响而误选A。实际上前面虚拟语气的答语采用了省略形式。
可补充为:I would have gone to yesterday’s meeting if I hadn’t been too busy. 所以be
too busy是过去的一种实际情况,并不是虚拟的情况。故填空处用陈述语气。
8. B。因为necessary后的从句要用“(should+)动词原形”,排除选项A; 因he与send是
被动关系,send要用被动式,排除选项D; 答句中的表语从句中不缺任何句子成分,用that。
值得说明的是,refuse to后省略了be sent to New York。
9. C。they put forward为修饰名词de mands的定语从句,按英语语法,当demand用
作动词后接宾语从句,或用作名词后接定语从句 或同位语从句时,从句谓语习惯上要用sho
uld+动词原形这样的虚拟语气,其中的should可 以省略。


10. B。Should you be fired是由If you should be fired变来的,又如:Should you r
equire (=If you should require) anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么,可以给我打电话

瑕瑜互见-我头疼用英语怎么说


汽车化油器-诤


七的英语怎么写-借书英语


初现-脑髓的意思


二的英语-threw


觋怎么读-电驴是什么


好像的反义词-印度毛派武装


makes什么意思-上溯



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