哥哥日语怎么说-甲子是什么意思
公共英语三级阅读题和答案
Students of United States
history, seeking to identify the circumstances
that
encouraged the emergence of feminist
movements, have thoroughly investigated the
mid-nineteenth-century American economic and
social condition that affected the
status of
women. These historians, however, have analyzed
less fully the development
of specifically
feminist ideas and activities during the same
period. Furthermore,
the ideological origins
of feminism in the United State have been obscured
because,
even when historians did take into
account those feminist ideas and activities
occurring within the United States, they
failed to recognize that feminism was then
a
truly international movement actually centered in
Europe. American feminist
activists who have
been described as “solitary” and “individual
theorists” were
in reality connected to a
movement — utopian socialism — which was already
popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during
the two decades that culminated in the
first
women’s rights conference held at Seneca Falls,
New York, in 1848. Thus, a
complete
understanding of the origins and development of
nineteenth-century
feminism in the United
States requires that the geographical focus be
widened to
include Europe and that the
detailed study already made of social conditions
be
expanded to include the ideological
development of feminism.
The earliest and
most popular of the utopian socialists were the
Saint-Simonians.
The specifically feminist
part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less
studied
than the group’s contribution to early
socialism. This is regrettable on two counts.
By 1832 feminism was the central concern of
Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed
its
adherents’ energy; hence, by ignoring its
feminism, European historians have
misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover,
since many feminist ideas can be traced
to
saint-simonianism European historians’
appreciation of later feminism in France
and
the United States remained limited.
Saint-
Simon’s followers, many of whom were women, based
their feminism on an
interpretation of his
project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute
force with
the rule of spiritual powers. The
new world order would be ruled together by a male,
to represent reflection, and a female, to
represent sentiment. This complementarity
reflects the fact that, while the Saint-
Simonians did not reject the belief that
there
were innate differences between men and women,
they nevertheless foresaw an
equally important
social and political role for both sexes in their
utopia.
Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a
definition of sexual equality based on
gender
distinction. This minority believe that
individuals of both sexes were born
similar in capacity and character, and
they ascribed male-female differences to
socialization and education. The envisioned
result of both currents of thought,
however,
was that women would enter public life in the new
age and that sexual
equality would reward men
as well as women with an improved way of life.
1. It can be inferred that the author
consider those historians who describe
early
feminists in the United States as “solitary” to be
[A] insufficiently familiar with the
international origins of
nineteenth-century
American feminist thought.
[B] overly
concerned with the regional diversity of feminist
ideas in the period
before 1848.
[C] not
focused narrowly enough in their geographical
scope.
[D] insufficiently aware of the
ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls
conference.
2. The author’s attitude
toward European historians who have studied the
Saint-Simonians is primarily one of
[A]
approval of the specific focus of their research.
[B] disapproval of their lack of attention
to the issue that absorbed most of
the Saint-
Simonians’ energy after 1832.
[C] approval
of their general focus on social conditions.
[D] disapproval of their lack of attention to
links between the Saint-Simonians
and their
American counterparts.
3. The author
mentions all of the following as characteristic of
the
Saint-Simonians EXCEPT
[A] The group
included many women among its members.
[B]
The group believed in a world that would be
characterized by sexual equality.
[C] The
group was among the earliest European socialist
groups.
[D] Most members believed that women
and men were inherently similar in ability
and
character.
4. It can be inferred from the
text that the Saint-Simonians envisioned a utopian
society having which of the following
characteristics?
[A] It would be worldwide.
[B] It would emphasize dogmatic religious
principles.
[C] It would most influence the
United States.
[D] It would have armies
composed of women rather than of men.
5.
According to the text, which of the following
would be the most accurate
description
of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?
[A] A society in which women were highly
regarded for their extensive education.
[B]
A society in which the two genders played
complementary roles and had equal
status.
[C] A society in which women did not enter public
life.
[D] A social order in which a body of
men and women would rule together on the
basis
of their spiritual power.
1. 【答案】A
【考点解析
】本题是一道标点符号题。通过本题题干中的“solitary”一词可将本题的
答案信息中心确定在
第一段第十行即第一段第四句话,通过仔细阅读和理解本句话以及本句
前后的两句话,可以得出本题的正
确选项A。其实美国的女权主义运动者并不“孤
单”(solitary),因为她们的思想和行动是和
欧洲大陆的女权主义者有着千丝万缕的联系,
是国际女权运动的一部分。考生在解题时要善于理解标点符
号,更要善于对原文的细节进行
推导。
2. 【答案】B
【考点解析】本题是一道细节推导题。根据本题题干中的“European historians”可
将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段第四句,通过阅读本句分号前后的内容,可以推导
出作者的态
度是否定的,其否定原因是第二段第四句分号前半部分所表达的内容。本题的正
确答案应该是B。考生在
解题时一定要注意原文细节的推导,尤其是分句之间存在因果关系
的时候。
3.
【答案】D
【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题。但是本题的题干确没有明确给出本题在原文中的准
确信息来源。这时考生就会迷失答题思路。请同学们一定要记住:每当自己迷失答题思路时,
一
定要多想一想全文的中心主旨句和每段的主题句,这会帮助考生寻找到解题的思路。本题
的正确答案应该
是D,因为选项D所表达的内容和本文尾段第一、二句所表达的内容相反。
选项A、B、C的内容分别在
第三段第一句、第三段第二句以及第二段首句涉及。考生在解题
时一定要牢记段落主题句。
4. 【答案】A
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题。从本题题干中的“envisioned”
(设想,预想)一词
可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在倒数第二段第一句和第二句,因为倒数第二段第
一句含
有“project”(计划,规划)一词,倒数第二段第二句含有表示未来的“would”一
词。通过
仔细阅读倒数第二段的第一、二句话,发现这两句话都包含“globe”或“world”,
可见本
题的正确选项应该是A。考生在解题时一定要善于利用题干中的词语迅速而准确地进行审题
定位。
5. 【答案】B
【考点解析】这是一道反推题。通过本题题干中的“most Saint-Simonians”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在尾段的第一句。根据尾段第一句进行反推即逆向思维,可得出本
题的正确
答案是B。考生在解题时一定要时时牢记反推题型,并且经常利用自己的逆向思维
能力
Certain animals have an intuitive awareness of
quantities. They know without
analysis the
difference between a number of objects ands a
smaller number. In his
book The Natural
History of Selbourne (1786), the naturalist
Gilbert White tells
how he surreptitiously
removed one egg a day to make up plover’s nest,
and how the
mother laid another egg each day
to make up for the missing one. He noted that
other
species of birds ignore the absence of a
single egg but abandon their nest if more
than
one egg has been removed. It has also been noted
by naturalist that a certain
type of wasp
always provides five-never four, never six-
caterpillars for each of
their eggs so that
their young have something to eat when the eggs
hatch. Research
has also shown that both mice
and pigeons can be taught to distinguish between
odd
and even numbers of food pieces.
These and similar accounts have led some people to
infer that creatures other
than human can
actually count. They also point to dogs that have
been taught to
respond to numerical questions
with the correct number of barks, or to horses
that
seem to solve arithmetic problem by
stomping their hooves number of times.
Animals respond to quantities only when they are
connected to survive as a
species-as in the
case of the eggs-or survive as individuals -as in
the case of food.
There is on transfer to
other situations or from concrete reality to the
abstract
notion of numbers. Animals can
“count” only when the objects are present and only
when the numbers involved are small-no more
than seven or eight. In lab experiments,
animals trained to count one kind of object
were unable to count any other type.
The
objects, not the numbers, are what interest them.
Animal’s admittedly
remarkable achievements
simply do not amount to evidence of counting, nor
do they
reveal more than innate instinct,
refined by the genes of successive generations,
or the results of clever, careful conditioning
by trainers.
1.
What is the main idea
of the passage?
A. Careful training is
required to teach animals to perform tricks
involving
numbers
B. Animas cannot count
more than one kind of object
C. of all
animals, dogs and horses can count best
D. Although some animals may be aware
of quantities, they cannot actually count
2.
The author refers to Gilbert’s book in
paragraph 1 in order to___.
A. show how
attitudes have changed since 1786
B.
Contradict the idea that animals can count.
C. provide evidence that some birds are aware of
quantities.
D. Indicate that more research
is needed in this field.
3.
The word
“surreptitiously” in line 4 is closest in meaning
to ___.
A. quickly
B. secretly
C. occasionally
D. stubbornly
4.
The author mentions that all of the following are
aware of quantities in some
way EXCEpT___.
A. plovers
B. mice
C.
caterpillars
D. wasps
5.
According to the information in the passage, which
of the following is LEAST
likely to occur as a
result of animal’s intuitive awareness of
quantities?
A. A pigeon is more attracted by
a box containing two pieces of food than by
a
box containing one piece.
B. When asked by
its trainer how old it is, a monkey holds up five
fingers.
C. When one of its four kittens
crawls away, a mother cat misses it and searches
for the missing kitten.
D. A lion
follows one antelope instead of a herd of
antelopes because it is easier
to hunt a
single prey.
解析:
1.D
文章中介绍了某些动物很惊人的数字能力。但是无论怎样,他们对数字的感觉也只是一
种本能。
2.C
作者举这个例子是为了证明他所提出的某些动物能够认知某些东西的数量。
3.B
根据上下文以及我们的常识,观察动物的习性是需要很长时间,而且应该是隐蔽的。
4.C
It has also been noted by naturalist that a
certain type of wasp always provides
five-
never four, never six-caterpillars for each of
their eggs。
5.B
When asked by its
trainer how old it is, a monkey holds up five fing
ers.无论
猴子的反应是什么样子,都只是一种反复训练之后的一种本能的反映。而不是真正的说出他
的年龄.
The majority of successful
senior managers do not closely follow the
classical
rational model of first clarifying
goals, assessing the problem, formulating options,
estimating likelihoods of success, making a
decision, and only then taking action
to
implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-
day tactical maneuvers, these
senior
executives rely on what is vaguely termed
“intuition” to manage a network
of
interrelated problems that require them to deal
with ambiguity, inconsistency,
novelty, and
surprise; and to integrate action into the process
of thinking.
Generations of writers on
management have recognized that some practicing
managers rely heavily on intuition. In
general, however, such writers display a poor
grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the
opposite of rationality; others view
it as an
excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent
research on the cognitive processes of senior
managers
reveals that managers’ intuition is
neither of these. Rather, senior managers use
intuition in at least five distinct ways.
First, they intuitively sense when a
problem
exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to
perform well-learned behavior
patterns
rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or
irrational, but is based on
years of
painstaking practice and hands-on experience that
build skills. A third
function of intuition is
to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice
into an
integrated picture, often in an “Aha!”
experience. Fourth, some managers use
intuition as a check on the results of more
rational analysis. Most senior executives
are
familiar with the formal decision analysis models
and tools, and those who use
such systematic
methods for reaching decisions are occasionally
leery of solutions
suggested by these methods
which run counter to their sense of the correct
course
of action. Finally, managers can use
intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move
rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used
in this way, intuition is an almost
instantaneous cognitive process in
which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of
executive management is that
“thinking” is
inseparable from acting. Since managers often
“know” what is right
before they can analyze
and explain it, they frequently act first and
explain later.
Analysis is inextricably tied
to action in thinkingacting cycles, in which
managers
develop thoughts about their
companies and organizations not by analyzing a
problematic situation and then acting, but by
acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given
the great uncertainty of many of the management
issues that they face,
senior managers often
instigate a course of action simply to learn more
about an
issue. They then use the results of
the action to develop a more complete
understanding of the issue. One implication of
thinkingacting cycles is that action
is often
part of defining the problem, not just of
implementing the solution.
1. According to
the text, senior managers use intuition in all of
the following
ways EXCEPT to
[A] speed
up of the creation of a solution to a problem.
[B] identify a problem.
[C] bring
together disparate facts.
[D] stipulate
clear goals.
2. The text suggests which of
the following about the “writers on management”
mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?
[A]
They have criticized managers for not following
the classical rational model
of decision
analysis.
[B] They have not based their
analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual
managers.
[C] They have relied in
drawing their conclusions on what managers say
rather
than on what managers do.
[D]
They have misunderstood how managers use intuition
in making business
decisions.
3. It can
be inferred from the text that which of the
following would most
probably be one major
difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses
intuition
to reach decisions, and Manager Y,
who uses only formal decision analysis?
[A]
Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y
does not.
[B] Manager X checks possible
solutions to a problem by systematic analysis;
Manager Y does not.
[C] Manager X takes
action in order to arrive at the solution to a
problem;
Manager Y does not.
[D]
Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in
creating a solution to
a problem; Manager X
does not.
4. The text provides support for
which of the following statements?
[A]
Managers who rely on intuition are more successful
than those who rely on
formal decision
analysis.
[B] Managers cannot justify their
intuitive decisions.
[C] Managers’ intuition
works contrary to their rational and analytical
skills.
[D] Intuition enables managers to
employ their practical experience more
efficiently.
5. Which of the following
best describes the organization of the first
paragraph
of the text?
[A] An assertion
is made and a specific supporting example is
given.
[B] A conventional model is dismissed
and an alternative introduced.
[C] The
results of recent research are introduced and
summarized.
[D] Two opposing points of view
are presented and evaluated.
1. 【答案】D
【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题。本题题干中的“senior
managers”暗示本题的答
案信息在第三段,因为第三段首句包含题干中的“senior ma
nagers”。通过仔细阅读和理
解本段中所谈到的五点,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是选项D。本
题选项A、B、C所涉及
的内容分别在本段的第五点、第一点和第三点提到。考生在解题时一定要学会认
真归纳和总
结原文所表达的每一层含义。
2. 【答案】D
【考点解析】
这是一道句间关系题。题干已将本题的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的
第二句是本题答案信息的最主要
来源,通过阅读和理解此句,我们可推导出本题的正确选项
是D。考生在解题时一定要适当理解上下句之
间的关系。
3. 【答案】C
【考点解析】本题是一道审题定位题。题干中的“who uses intuition to reach
decisions”暗示本题的答案信息在第四段,因为第四段首句含有和题干中“who uses
intuition to reach decisions”大致相同的“the
intuitive style of executive
management”。通过仔细阅
读和理解第四段的每一句话,我们可发现第四段的第一句话都在
强调“act”(行动),可见本题的正
确选项应该是强调行动的选项C。本题的答案信息来源
是第四段的第二句话。考生在解题时一定要首先准
确地审题定位,然后要善于归纳和理解原
文中的中心主旨信息。
4. 【答案】D
【考点解析】本题是一道审题定位题。题干中并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文的
准
确位置。在这种情况下,考生往往迷失解题思路。在考生迷失解题思路时一定要牢记全文中
心
主旨,并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能够抓住第
一段的尾句,并
结合第三段的第四、五句,就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D。考生在
解题时,尤其是在迷失解题思
路时,一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句,同时还要抓一些明确
表示启承转合关系的句子结构。
5. 【答案】B
【考点解析】本题是一道段落结构题。第一句话中的“do not”和第二句
句首的
“rather”是破解本题的关键。抓住这两个关键就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B。考
生在解题时一定要注意表示否定的词语以及表示启承转合的词语,更要注意句子之间的相互
关系
。
Kitchen Design
Over the years
economic, social and technological factors have
influenced the
design of kitchens. Since it is
often used simultaneously by both family members
as well as guests, the kitchen requires not
only a glamorous look but a practical
one.
Also, the design elements must meet the needs of
the modern family.
Environmental concerns
have had an enormous impact on kitchen design.
This
concern includes recycling of house hold
material, as well as energy efficient
appliances and the purity of both water and
air. Research shows that up to 85 percent
of
the population is concerned about what might be in
their drinking water. They
are also often
dissatisfied with the taste and odor of what comes
out of their tap.
This is why it's important
to consider adding a water filter system.
The character of today's kitchen is very different
from the way it was thirty
years ago. There's
more sophistication in food preparation, and more
technological
help with cooking and clean-up.
When choosing cabinets, first consider the
style. Use the architectural style
of your
house as a guide. Because cabinets are a big
investment, it is best to choose
quality.
Popular styles in kitchen cabinets are framed
panel doors with raised or
recessed panels of
wood, cabinet fronts with glass panes, or simple
slab doors in
a rich painted or laminated
finish. Cabinet pulls, don't be afraid to mix and
match
styles.
Because many of today's
kitchens consist of two of more cooks sharing in
the
meal preparation, there is a need for more
counter space, cooktops and sinks.
Although
lifestyles are changing, the primary function of
the kitchen as an area
for preparing
food has remained unchanged. The sink remains one
of the most used
areas in the kitchen as well
as an important decorative statement.
Appliance technology is moving at a very fast
pace. Choosing what type of
appliances as well
as how many will depend on several factors such as
how often and
how much you cook and the size
of your kitchen.
Don't limit yourself to one
of each kind of appliance. You can have a
refrigerator
in one place and a freezer in a
separate area or two sets of cooktops, one on the
counter next to the wall oven and one on an
island. You can even have two dishwashers
if
size and budget require and permit---think of it
as saving time in the long run.
1. A well-
designed kitchen should be modern, beautiful and
practical at the same
time.
A. Right B.
Wrong C. Not mentioned
2. Being harmless to
the environment is the top priority in kitchen
design.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
3. Quality matters the most when you are
choosing kitchen cabinets.
A. Right B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
4. More counter space,
cooktops and sink are needed in today's kitchens
because
food preparation is more complicated
than it used to be.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not
mentioned
5. The design of the sink is
indicative of a kitchen designer's intelligence
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
6.
Means of saving labor, appliances should be
replaced whenever new models come
out
A.
Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
7. It is the
amount of time you can spend in the kitchen that
decides how many
appliances of the same kind
you should buy
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not
mentioned
1.A2.C3.A4.B5.A6.C7.B
Three
attitudes to life
__1__. You may approach
life with the philosophy of the vegetable, in
which case
your life will consist in being
born, eating, drinking, sleeping mating, growing
old, and dying.
__2__. A great many so-
called successful men and women believe that life
is a
business, and they arrange their conduct
and behavior accordingly. If you believe
that
life is a business your first question of life,
naturally, is “what do I get
out of
it?” __3__.
The great majority of human
beings today look at life as if it were a
business.__4__.
The third attitude
toward life is the approach of the artist. Here
the basic
philosophy is “what can I put into
it? ”, and the basic relation of the individual
to his follow-men is one of cooperation and
common sense.__5__. The more we
investigate
and the more we learn about living the more we
become convinced that
the artistic attitude is
the only one which is consistent with human
happiness.
A. In a word based on this
attitude, happiness becomes a matter of successful
competition.
B. As a human being you
have the choice of three basic attitudes towards
life.
C. Their basic philosophy is one of
competition and efficiency.
D. The second
basic attitude is to look at life as if it were a
business.
E. This point of view has been
proved by history; for history remembers best
those who have contributed most richly to the
interests of their follow-men.
F. Is a
proper attitude of life sure to bring about a
happy life?
1B 2D 3A 4C 5E
Teamwork
in Tourism
Growing cooperation among
branches of tourism has proved valuable to all
concerned. Government bureaus, trade and
travel associations, carriers and
properties
are all working together to bring about optimum
conditions for travelers.
Travel operators,
specialists in the field of planning, sponsor
extensive
research programs. They have
knowledge of all areas and all carrier services,
and
they are experts in organizing different
types of tours and ____(1)____. They
distribute materials to agencies, such as
journals, brochures and advertising
projects.
They offer familiarization and workshop tours
____(2)____.
Tourist counselors give
valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new
programs
and techniques in selling. In this
way agents learn ____(3)____ and to suggest
different modes and combinations of travel -
planes; ships, trains, motorcoaches,
car-
rentals, and even car purchases.
Properties
and agencies work closely together to make the
most suitable
contracts, considering both the
comfort of the clients and their own profitable
financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the
good services of hotels, and,
conversely,
____(4)____, to fulfill their contracts and to
send them clients.
The same confidence
exists between agencies and carriers, ____(5)____.
Carriers
are dependent upon agencies to
supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon
carriers to present them with marketable
tours. All services must work together for
greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented
customers.
A including car-rental and sight-
seeing services.
B so that in a short time
agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the
tours.
C in preparing effective advertising
campaigns
D as a result tourism is flouring
in all countries
E hotels rely upon agencies
F to explain destinations
标准答案:
C,B,F,E,A、
谢的组词-phaeton
自行车的英语怎么读-娇淫
指引的拼音-利用英语短语
河漂子-参加的英文短语
垃圾分类的英语作文-我的一天用英语怎么说
水池的英文-hide是什么意思中文
帷幄是什么意思-三边测量
confounded-kick什么意思
-
上一篇:公共英语三级考试试题(七十七)
下一篇:公共英语三级试题及答案