2020年全国公共英语等级考试PETS三级模拟试卷及答案

2020年全国公共英语等级考试PETS三级模拟试卷及
答案

Section I Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)

Directions：

This section is designed to test your ability to
understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of
recorded materials and you must answer the questions that
accompany them. There are TWO parts in this section,.PartA
and PartB，

Remember,while you are doing the test,you should first
put down your answers in your test the end of the
listening comprehension section,you will have3 minutes to
transfer your answers from your test booklet onto ANSWER
SHEETl.

If you have any questions,you may raise your hand NOW as
you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.

Now look at PartA in your test booklet.

Part A

You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue,there
is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct
answer -A，B，C or D,and mark it in your test booklet. You
will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear
each dialogue ONLY ONCE.

Example ：

You will hear：

W：Could you please tell me if the Beijing flight will be
arriving on time?

M：Yes, Madam. It should be arriving in about ten minutes.

You will read：

Who do you think the woman is talking to?

[A] A bus conductor.

[B] A clerk at the airport.

[C] A taxi driver.

[D] A clerk at the station.

From the dialogue, we know that only a clerk at the
airport is most likely to know the arrival time of a flight,
so you should choose answer[ B] and mark it in

your test booklet.

Sample Answer：[A] [C] [D]

Now look at question l.

1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?

[A] In a post office.

[B] In a hotel.

[C] In a bank.

[D] In a supermarket.

2. When will the bank open on Sundays?

[A] From 8：30 a.m. t0 8：30 p.m.

[B] From9：30 a.m. t0 6：30 p.m.

[C] From 8：30 a.m. t0 6：30 p.m.

[D] From9：30 a.m. t0 3：30 p.m.

3. What did the man ask the woman to do?

[A] Go on a diet.

[B] Have a snack.

[C] Play some tennis.

[D] Stop screaming.

4. Where are the two speakers?

[A] In a hotel.

[B] At a dinner table.

[C] In the street.

[D] At the man's house.

5. What can we assume from this conversation?

[A] The man is a judge.

[B] It' s an interviewer.

[C] The man agrees with the woman.

[D] The man believes that Jack will quit his job.

6. Why can't they meet on Thursday?

[A] Because she wants to meet him on Wednesday.

[B] Because she has to go out of town.

[C] Because she is in charge of the project.

[D] Because she has another meeting.

7. What does the woman mean?

[A] The man should not expect her to go along. '

[B] She doesn't think she has enough money.

[C] She will go even though the movie is bad.

[D] The man should count the number of people going.

8. What does the woman mean?

[A] She is asking for a higher pay.

[B] She is introducing a new friend.

[C] She is too busy.

[D] She' s got some problems.

9. Who is the man?

[A] A judge.

[B] An interviewer.

[C] A professor.

[D] A counselor.

10. What are they talking about?

[A] Weekend plan.

[B] Changes in the city.

[C] Going camping in the summer.

[D] Life in the summer.

Part B

you will hear four questions which accompany it. While
listening, answer each question by choosing A ,B, C or D.
After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your
answer to each question. You will hear each piece ONLY ONCE.

Questions 11 ——13 are based on the following dialogue
between an employer and an employee.

11. How old is Katie?

[A] 16 [B] 17

[C] 18 [D] 19

12. What Hnd of job is Katie looking for?

[A] A part-timer job for a school magazine.

[B] A full-time job at a college.

[C] A permanent job at Johnson' s Imports.

[D] A short-term job in an office.

13. What qualifications does Katie have for the job?

[A] Her extra classes in sport at school.

[B] She has computer skills and used to working with
people.

[C] She' s adaptable.

[D] Her work experience in the school newspaper.

Questions 14 ——17 are based on the following dialogue
between a lawyer and his customer.

14. How long have they not met each other?

[A] Half a year. [B] Two years.

[C] Three or four years. [D] More than five years.

15. What' s the purpose of Mr. Tim's visiting this time?

[A] He wants to make'some changes in his will.

[B] He wants the woman's help in buying a land and
building a house.

[C] He wants the solicitor to see the architect for him.

[D] He asks the solicitor to find a plot for him.

16. When did Mr. Tim go to see the plot chosen by his son?

[A] Last Friday. [B] Last Saturday.

[C] Two days ago. [D] Yesterday.

17. Which material should the house be built of?

[A] Stone. [B] Brick.

[C] Cement. [D] Wood.

Questions 18 ——21 are based on the following dialogue
in a travel agency

18. Which city is the man going to visit?

[A] Oxford. [B] Paris.

[C] Shaftsbury. [D] London.

19. Whichtouristattract ionisNOTmentionedinthe dialogue?

[A] Buckingham Palace. [B] Shops and restaurants.

[C] Tower of London. [D] The British Museum.

20. What is NOT listed on the man's schedule?

[A] Shopping. [B] Watching a show.

[C] Trying the local food. [D] Visiting art galleries.

21. What can you infer from the dialogue?

[A] The visitor will see very little of the city.

[B] The visitor's schedule is tight.

[C] The visitor will enjoy his time.

[D] The visitor willleave for another city the next day.

Questions 22 —— 25 are based on the following monologue
on smoking.

22. Why are so many people dependent on cigarette?

[A] Because they like the taste of tar.

[B] Because smoking makes them feel relaxed.

[C] Because smoking is funny.

[D] Because smoking cures disease.

23. Which substance in cigarette causes cancer?

[A] Cigarette ashes. [B] Nicotine.

[C] Tar. [D] Not mentioned here.

24. What do experts suggest people to do?

[A] To buy cigarettes with less tar.

[B] To smoke only a few cigarettes a day.

[C] To smoke only during a break.

[D] To give up smoking.

25. Why do smokers like low tar cigarettes?

[A] Because they are less harmful.

[B] Because they cost less.

[C] Because they taste better.

[D] Because they last longer.

Now you have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your
test booklet to ANSWER SHEET l.

That is the end of the listening comprehension section.

Section Ⅱ Use of English

(15 minutes)

Directions

Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase
for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on ANSWER SHEETl.

Text

A special lab at the University of Chicago is busy only
26 . It is a dream 27 where re-searchers are at work 28
dreamers. Their findings have concluded that 29 dreams from

three to seven times each night, 30 in ordinary life a person
may 31 none or only one of his dreams.

While the 32 sleep, special machines 33 their brain waves
and eye movements as well as the body movements that 34 the
end of a dream. Surprisingly, all subjects 35 soundly. 36 say
that a person usually fidgets(烦躁).before a dream. 37 the
dream has started,his body relaxes and his eyes 38 more
active, as if the curtain _ 39 _on a show. When the machine
40 that the dream is over, a buzzer wakes the 41 . He sits up,
records his dream,and goes back to sleep-perhaps to _ 42 some
more.

Researchers have found that if the dreamer, is 43
immediately after his dream,he can usually recall the entire
dream. If he is allowed to sleep even 44 his . 45 0f the
dream will have faded. That's why most people have many
dreams at night, but forget most of them in the morning.

26. [A] at noon [B] in the morning [C] at night [D] in
spring

27. [A] mill [B] laboratory [C] hospital [D] classroom

28. [A] studying [B] studied [C] to study [D] having
studied

29. [A] everyone [B] anyone [C] someone [D] no one

30. [A] therefore [B] if [C] despite [D] although

31. [A] miss [B] remember [C] realize [D] notice

32. [A] objects [B] experiments [C] goals [D] subjects

33. [A] manufacture [B] initiate [C] prepare [D] record

34. [A] signal [B] sign [C] sigh [D] assign

35. [A] work [B] wake [C] sleep [D] remain

36. [A] Subjects [B] Examiners [C] Computers [D]
Observers

37. [A] Once [B] Never [C] Hardly [D] Frequently

38. [A] start [B] produce [C] become [D] appeal

39. [A] had gone up [B] has gone up [C] goes up [D] is
going up

40. [A] decides [B] pronounces [C] refers [D] indicates

41. [A] researcher [B] body [C] sleeper [D] on- looker

42. [A] remember [B] forget [C] imagine [D] dream

43. [A] asleep [B] wakened [C] wakening [D] slept

44. [A] more five minutes [B] five more minute

[C] five minutes [D] five more minutes

45. [A] colour [B] record [C] memory [D] description

Section Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

(40 minutes)

Part A

Directions ：

Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on
each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Markyour answers on
ANSWER SHEETl.

Text 1

It was fifteen past nine as Marie hurried into the office
building where she was going to bus had inched along
through heavy morning traffic, making her a few minutes late
for her very first job. She decided to start out half an hour
earlier the next day.

Once inside the lobby, she had to stand at the elevators
and wait several minutes before she could get on one going to
the sixth floor. When she finally reached the office marked

waited. There was no reply. She tapped on the door again, but
still there was no answer. From inside the next office, she
could hear the sound of voices, so she opened the door and
went gh she was sure it was the same office she had
been in two weeks before when she had the interview with Mr.
Smith, it looked quite different now. In fact, it hardly
looked like an office at all. The employees were just
standing around chatting and smoking. In the front of the
room, somebody must have just told a good joke, she thought,
because there was a loud burst of laughter as she came in.
For a moment she had thought they were laughing at her.

Then one of the men looked at his watch, clapped his
hands and said something to the y they all went
to their desks and, in a matter of seconds, everyone was hard
at work. No one paid any attention to Marie. Finally she went
up to the man who was sitting at the desk nearest to the door
and explained that this was her first day in the office.
Hardly looking up from his work, he told her to have a seat
and wait for Mr. Smith, who would arrive at any moment. Then

Marie realized that the day's work in the office began just
before Mr. Smith arrived. Later she found out that he lived
in Connecticut and came into Manhattan on the same train
every morning, arriving in the office at 9：35,so that his
staff knew exactly when to start working.

46. Marie felt nervous when she knocked at the door
because _ .

[A] it was her first day in a new job

[B] she was a little bit late for work

[C] she was afraid that she had gone to the wrong place

[D] there was no answer from inside the office

47. Marie could hardly recognize the office she went into
as .

[A] she had been there only once

[B] Mr. Smith was not in the office

[C] nobody was doing any work

[D] the office had a new appearance

48. The people in the office suddenly started working
because .

[A] they saw a stranger in the office

[B] their morning break was ended

[C] no one wanted to talk to Marie

[D] the boss was about to arrive

49. We can infer from the text that the employees of the
enterprise . .

[A] would start their work by listening to a joke

. [B] were cold to newcomers

[C] were always punctual for work

[D] lacked devotion to the company

50. The best title for this text would be. .

[A] Punctual Like a Clock

[B] A Cold Welcome

[C] An Unpunctual Manager

[D] Better Late Than Never

Text 2

For most of us, dieting is a frustrating fact of life.
With so much conflicting nutritional information about, it
can be difficult to tell which weight-loss strategies really
work. Let' s start by discounting these confusing myths.

1. All calories are created equal

What you eat, not how much, is the main factor behind
weight gain, according to es from fat pack on
the pounds. The reason： during digestion, the body burns
many more calories metabolizing protein and carbohydrates
than it does metabolizing fat.

2. Desserts are taboo

Cakes, pies and ice cream can sensibly be worked into a
diet, the expert says. Moderation is the key. CVt down on
other meals if you'll be eating out at a restaurant known for
its rich indulge, but take only a few bites.

3. Fast foods are forbidden

A plain hamburger on a bun is still a healthful choice.
So is grilled chicken or a green salad with low-cal dressing.
But watch out for French fries, milkshakes and batter-dipped
chicken or fish.

4. Fasting is the fastest diet

Some studies suggest that drastically reducing calorie
intake switches the body into a

mode
metabolic rate. The more frequently you deprive yourself of
food, the better your body may get at storing calories. So,
in the long run, repeated fasting may actually undermine your
weight-loss efforts.

5. To keep weight off, simply watch what you eat .

According to experts, exercise combined with dieting
ensures weight Joss better than dieting alone does. Experts
also agree that sticking with regular, moderate exercise is
more important that occasional vigorous workouts are.
Obesity-researcher Kelly Brownell encourages patients to make
a series of small physical efforts： taking the stairs
instead of the elevator and parking the car far from where
you are going and walking.

Most important, before getting caught up in dietary myths,
let good sense shape your eating habits. Your body will thank
you for it.

51. It cannot be inferred from the first paragraph that
_ .

[A] the information about dieting is always-
contradictory

[B] there are too many weight-loss strategies to choose
from

[C] dieting is always troublesome to most people

[D] people should not believe the ideas of dieting

52. One of the elements to gain weight is _ .

[A] the amount of the food you eat

[B] over sleeping

[C] laziness

[D] the kind of food you eat

53. Which of the following saying is true about dieting?

[A] You can't eat sweets.

[B] Fast foods are not good.

[C] You should not neglect any meals.

[D] Fasting is always helpful

54. The phrase

[A] being very hungry

[B] eating what you like when you are hungry

[C] weight-loss efforts

[D] being ready to eat

55. The word

[A] break [B] form

[C] get rid of [D] change

Text 3

Labor force is defined as being the total number of
people who are available to work and earn income. This
definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid
employment,so it includes employees and the self-employed.
Labor is one of the country's resources which can be combined
with other resources to produce the goods and services
required by the community. .

Though the size of the workforce relies greatly on the
size of the total population,there are several other aspects
which also affect it. The age distribution of the total
population has a very marked effect on the available
workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very
young people or of those too old to work,then the available
workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread
age the population grows rapidly from natural
increase,i. e. the number of births greatly exceeds the
number of deaths,then as a total population increases, the
proportion in the workforce declines.

Sometimes a population is described as aging,which means
that the birth rate is either falling or growing very
slowly,and as people retire from the workforce, there are
inadequate numbers of young people entering it to take place
of those who are leaving it. The population is top- heavy with
older people. So the percentage of the population in the
workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in
births or a falling birth rate. '

The age distribution of the population has several
important influences on the economy. If the population is
aging and there is an increase in the number of people
retiring without a corresponding increase in the number
entering the workforce,this raises the problem of the ability
of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social
services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared
for in special homes or hotels,finance must be available for
that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative
to the total population,then the government tax receipts are
relatively low and either the govemment has less money
available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed
more heavily.

56. Labor force is composed of .

[A] people who are available to work and earn income

[B] self-employed people only

[C] only those who are looking for an employment

[D] only the employees

57. The factor which does NOT influence the size of the
worldorce is _ .

[A] the size of population

[B] age distribution of the population

[C] national economy

[D] natural increase

58. The conclusion which can be drawn safely from the
second paragraph is that _

[A] a population growth from natural increase leads to a
greater proportion of the work-force

[B] a large population does not necessarily mean a higher
proportion of workforce

[C] the larger the number of the aged in a population,the
higher the proportion of the workforce

[D] if the population has an evenly spreaded age
distribution,the workforce will be lower

59. When a population is said to be aging,_ .

[A] more people are retiring than people entering the
workforce

[B] the birth rate is growing '

[C] there is an oversupply of workforce

[D] young people outnumber old people

60. The population which is top-heavy with older people
poses a problem to _ .

[A] the government [B] the economy

[C] the workforce [D] all of the above

Part B

Directions ：

Read the following discussion. among five people about
workplace dress, for questions 61 t0 65,match the name of
each person. (61 t0 65) to one of the statements (A to G )
given below. Mark you answers on. you.r ANSWER SHEETl.

Marian ：

I have a friend who is a team leader of about 25
employees who are primarily women. She' s found a trick that
works for her most of the time, but -not always. Those staff
who appear in much less than professional dressing are asked
if their mother and father would think appropriate a picture
of them dressed in what they believe is
they say
send it home. Having a camera helps. Having a visual proof
drives her message home.

Catherine ：

I think it really boils down to a moral question. Is it
morally
should we instead emphasize intelligence, capabilities,
creative and independent thought, professionalism, and other
such qualities which many, many women possess, but whom are

routinely neglected for promotions and are never glorified or
emphasized in our culture. It' s okay to be a tough,
competent lawyer like Ally Mcbeal, but you won't get noticed
unless you look good in really short skirts. Having a nice
body is a plus, but I think that there are tons and tons of
styles of dress which can show off a nice body in a
professional way.

Roget：

A lot of employees have finally gotten the message about
inappropriate (不合适的) dress-down items such as jeans,
shorts, revealing tops, etc. They are starting to wear the
proper dress- down clothes. However, wearing the appropriate
dress-down clothes doesn' t mean you're excused from ironing
and it's certainly no license to wear dirty clothes. Wash and
iron people! And guys, tuck your shirts in and put on a pair
of socks!

Briggs：

I work in a large company that has adopted the business
code. They have an outline of what is acceptable and what is
not. On it you find the typical, no blue jeans, no mini-
skirts, no bare feet or legs and that type of thing. I guess
I agree with Jessica. Anyone with common sense knows how to
dress appropriately for whatever environment he or she works
in. I am a casual person by nature but I tend to wear the
business dress in my office. I do see some people in my
building wearing casually and they look strange there.

BiH：

You're forgetting the most important point-it's
business. They are the ones who have put financial resources
on the line： who have a whole bunch to lose if the business
goes bad： who are providing employment for others. Therefore,
they get to make the rules. If that includes a dress code,
then that's their right. If you'd like a different dress
code-start your own business.

Now match each of the people (61 t0 65) to the
appropriate statement.

Note： there are two extra statements.

Statements

[A] We shall not be moved.

62. Catherine [B] Money means freedom.

63. Roget [C] Photos taking are pleasant.

64. Briggs [D] There are people who are so careless about
dressing.

65. Bill [E] Action speaks louder than words.

[F] It is our society that must be blamed.

[G] You should wear appropriately where you are.

SectionIV Writing

(40 minutes)

Directions ：

You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B
of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2.

Part A

66. Suppose you borrowed a novel from your friend Jane.
However, after several days you suddenly found that you lost
it. Write a letter of apology to Jane. Your letter should
include：

1) How did you lose it?

2) What' s your feeling and solution?

You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign
your own name at the end of your letter. Use
instead. You do not need to write the address.

Part B

67. Below is a table showing the killers in every 100
deaths in a city during the last three decades. Look. at the
graph and write an essay of about 120 words making reference
to the following points ：

1) the distribution of killers in different decades and
the general trend in these decades

2) the possible reasons for the distribution of these
killers in the city

Killers in Every 100 Deaths

Period

Cancer

Heart disease

Traffic Accidents

Other Causes

1970s

21

16

7

38

1980s

28

26

15

31

1990s

27

27

21

25



参考答案：

第一部分听力

1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.A

8.A 9.B 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C

15.B 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.C 21.B

22.B 23.C 24.D 25.A

1—25题解析略。

第二部分英语知识使用

参考译文

芝加哥大学有一个特别的实验室 只有在晚上才繁忙。这是一个实
行梦的研究的实验室。在这里研究人员对做梦的人实行研究。他们从研究发现中总结出每天晚上每人都做3—7个梦，即使通常情况下一个
人只能记住一个或忘记他所做 的全部的梦。

当被研究对象睡眠时，特殊的机器记录下他们的脑电波、眼球的
运 动及表示梦结束的身体的运动。令人惊奇的是所有的被研究对象都
睡得很熟。

观 察人员发现人在做梦之前身体会不安地移动。一旦梦开始了，
身体会放松，眼部则开始活跃起来，就像帷 幕已经拉开，演出即将开
始。当机器表明梦已结束时，蜂鸣器会叫醒睡眠者。他会站起来，记
录 下他的梦，然后继续睡，或许会做更多的梦。

研究人员发现如果一个做梦的人在他的梦结 束之后马上被叫醒，
那么他一般能够回忆出整个的梦。如果他再睡上5分钟，对于梦的记
忆就会 逐渐消失。这就是为什么绝大部分人晚上做很多梦，但早上却
几乎都不记得了。

答案及解析

26.C【解析】此题考查对这篇文章的主要内容的宏观掌握。本篇
是关于研究人员在实验室里研究人做梦的类型。at night符合题意。

27.B 【解析】联系上一句“在芝加哥大学的一个特殊实验室里”。
只有B符合题意。

28.A【解析】“studying”在文中作伴随状语，B、C、D项则不合
适。

29.A【解析】实验证明每人每夜都会做3—7个梦。其他选项与题
意不合。

30.D【解析】从上下文能够得出此处应填表转折关系的词。
therefore所以; if如果;despi不管，均不合题意。

31.B【解析】本句意为“但在日常生活中 ，一个人可能记不住或
只记住一个梦。”miss错过;remember记住;realize意识到 ，实
现;notice

注意到。

32.D【解析】此题 考查对上下文的理解，subject实验对象，只有
表对象客体时才会用“object of sth.”的句型。

33.D【解析】此题考查对词义的辨析。manufacture 制
造;initiate着手于;prepare准备;record记录。

34.B【解析】sign意为“标志”，这里是当动词使用。

35.C【解析】此题考 查词语搭配，soundly意为“安稳的”，能够
与sleep搭配，其他项均不符合。

36.D【解析】subjects实验对象;examiners检查者;只有
obse rvers观察者符合题意。

37.A【解析】once -旦。hardly用于“.…”结构。

38.C【解析】become作系动词时意为“变得”，后接形容词。

39.B【解析 】此题考查的是时态，通篇用的都是现在时。这里是
指“帷幕已经拉开，演出即将开始”，故用现在完成 时。

40.D【解析】本句意为“当机器表明梦做完了，蜂鸣器会唤醒睡
觉的人”。indicate意为“表明”，符合文意。

41.C【解析】此题考查对上下文的理解，意思是“蜂鸣器会唤醒
睡觉的人”。

42.D【解析】实验对象继续睡觉，因为睡觉过程中会出现很多梦，
根据40题的分析可知D。

43.B【解析】做梦者应是被叫醒，使用被动语态结构，“be+过去
分词“表被动。

44.D【解析】此题考查语法结构，再多睡5分钟，表达应为“数
字+more+名词复 数形式”。

45.C【解析】由31题中的remember可推出此处是指对梦的记忆
逐渐消失。

第三部分阅读理解

Part A

Text1

参考译文

9点15的时候，玛丽急匆匆地走进她工作 的办公大楼。她乘坐的
公车在早晨高峰期，慢得像蜗牛一样。所以她第一天上班就迟到了几
分钟 。她决定明天提前半个小时出门。

她走进大厅后，不得不站在电梯那儿等上几分钟才能搭 上电梯上6
楼。当她最终到达标着“史密斯企业”的办公室时，她紧张地敲了敲
门，等待着，但 没人应。她又敲了两下还是没人应。她听到隔壁的办
公室里传出说话声，于是她打开门，走了进去。
虽然她肯定这就是两周以前她接受史密斯先生面试的那间办公室，
但现在变化真的很 大。实际上，这里根本就不像办公室。雇员们在四

下里站着，边抽烟边聊天。她猜一定是 有人在屋子的前面讲了个很有
趣的笑话，因为她走进来的时候那边爆发出很大的笑声。刚开始她还
以为他们在笑她。

这时有个男人看了看表，拍了拍手并对其他人讲了几句话。在几秒钟的时间内，每个人都迅速地回到他们的办公桌旁，开始努力工作
起来。没有人注意到玛丽。最后 ，她走向靠门口办公的一位男士，向
他说明她是第一天上班。那人几乎连头都没抬，只让她坐下等史密斯
先生，他随时都可能走进来。稍后她意识到原来员工们每天的工作都
是在史密斯先生走进来的前 一刻才开始的。一段时间以后，玛丽得知
史密斯先生住在康涅狄格，每天早晨都乘同一趟火车来曼哈顿， 9：35
到达办公室，所以他的员工很清楚该什么时候开始工作。

答案及解析

46.B【解析】第一天上班迟到，所以紧张。

47.D【解析】由第三段中“…it looked quite different now”
能够看出，办公室和以前相比，变化很大，答案选D。

48.D【解析】由末段中“Then Marie realized that the day's
work in the office began just before Mr. Smith arrived”可知
选D.

49.D【解析】显而易见该公司职员对公司缺乏奉献精神。

50.A【解析】标题的选 择应言简意赅，同时也可表达出作者的某
种感情色彩，如本文中作者的讽刺意味比较浓。

Text 2

参考译文

对绝大部分人来说，节食是 人生中一件烦人的事情。因为众多相
关营养方面的信息相互矛盾，要讲出哪一种减肥措施真正奏效不是件
容易的事。先让我们从解开这些扰人的谜团开始。

1.所有食物产生的热量都是一样的。

吃什么而不是吃多少是长胖的主要原因。来自脂肪 的热量(卡路里)
使体重增加。原因是：在消化过程中，身体对蛋白质和碳水化合物的
代谢比对 脂肪的代谢要消耗更多的热量。

2.餐后甜食是大忌。

蛋糕、馅 饼和冰淇淋能够合理地加进日常饮食。关键在于适度。
如果你要去一家以甜食著称的饭店吃饭，那么你要 在其他几顿饭上少
吃点。或者不加节制，但只能吃几小块。

3.禁用快餐食品。

面包夹一块纯精牛肉是有益健康的可供选择的食品。同样能够选择烤鸡或拌有低卡调料的绿色色拉。但是要小心法式油炸土豆条，奶
昔和粘有用鸡蛋和牛奶调制成的 面糊的鸡肉或鱼肉。

4.禁食是最见效的减肥法。

一些研究表明 ：迅猛地减少卡路里的摄入量可使你的身体处于一
种“饥饿状态”，这既保存了卡路里又使你的新陈代谢 速度减慢。你
越不让自己吃东西，你的身体就越会储存热量。所以，从长远来看，
反复禁食也许 实际上是在破坏你减肥努力的成果。

5.要减肥只需注重你的饮食。

根据专家的看法，锻炼结合节食比单独注重节食更能做到减肥。
专家们也同意坚持经常而又适度的锻炼比 偶尔做些大运动量的锻炼更
重要。肥胖病研究者K鼓励病人做一系列少量的身体活动：以爬楼梯
代替坐电梯;把车停得尽量远一些。

最重要的是，不要相信关于饮食的一些不经之谈，让 理智决定你
的饮食习惯。你的身体会所以而感谢你。

答案及解析

51.D【解析】本题是推理题，因A、B、C项均能够从文中推出，D
则不能.故选D。

52.D【解析】本题是细节推理题，从对第—个谜团的破解中可推
知答案。

53.C【解析】本题是推理判断题，考查对全文的整体把握。可用
排除法，因A、B、D 项均不对，故选C。

54.A【解析】本题考查对词汇的掌握。starvation mode意为“饥
饿状态，”故选A。

55.B【解析】本题考查对词汇的掌握，shape做动词对有“便成形”
的意思，故选B。

Text 3

参考译文

劳动力指的是能够实行工作 并获取报酬的人的总数。这个定义包
括所有已经有工作和寻找有偿职业的人，所以它包括雇员和个体经营
者。劳动力是一个国家的资源之一，和其他资源结合后就能够提供社
会所需要的商品和服务了。

即使劳动力的数量很大水准上取决于国家的总人口数，但其他方
面的因素也会对 它造成影响。总人口的年龄分布对现有劳动力有显著
影响。如果人口中有很大一部分是因为太年轻或太老 而无法工作的人，
可用劳动力的数量就要少于年龄分布均匀的人口。如果人口的自然增
长速度过 快，也就是说出生人数远远超过死亡人数，那么总人口数量
增加而劳动力的比率则下降。

有时，一个国家的人口会被描述成老龄化的人口，这就是说出生
率下降或者上升的速度都很 缓慢，没有充足多的年轻人来填补退休劳
动力的空缺。人口年龄分布因为老年人数量多而变得不均衡。所 以，
出生人口增长得过快或过缓，劳动力占总人口的比率都会下降。

人口年龄分布状况对经济有几个重要影响。如果人口正在老化，
退休的人数增加的同时就业的人数却没有 相对应的增加，就会衍生出
没有经济水平为退休人口提供适当社会服务的问题。如果老年人得在
特定的福利院或是疗养院接受照顾，社会就必须为此提供经济支持。
如果劳动力人数相对于总人口数较小 ，政府的税收也会相对应较少，
结果就是或者

政府没有充足的钱为老年人提供福利，或者劳动者的税收负担加
重。

答案及解析

56.A【解析】由文中首句对labor force的定义可知选A。

57.C【解析】由第二、三段可知影响劳动力规模的因素有the
size of population,age distribution of the population以及
natural increase.

58.B 【解析】第二段主要论述age disrribution对于劳动力规
模的影响。

59.A【解析】见第三段的第一句话。

60.D【解析】由末段可知old people过度增加，会给三方面造成
影响：the govemment,the economy以及the workforce.

Part B

参考译文：

下面几段文字阐述了对于在工作场合穿着过于随意的几种不同观

点。

玛丽安：我有一个朋友领导着一个有25名员工的工作组，其中绝
大部分都是女性。她想到一个“小诡对 ”.这个“小诡计”在绝大部分
时候都是有用但不是所有时候都有用。她会问那些穿着过于随便的衣

服来上班的人她们的父母是否会欣赏她们上班时闻所穿的自认为“还
行”的衣服。如 果她们回答说“是”，那么我的朋友会给她们拍照片
然后让她们寄回

家。照相机能帮上忙，视觉上的证据把她要传达的信息带回家。

凯瑟琳：我认为这归结到 一个道德问题，从道德上来说，用我们
的身体来使生意有所进展，是对的吗?还是我们应该强调明智、水 平、
创造力和独立思维、专业以及其他品质?很多女性都拥有这些品质，但
是她们在我们的文化 中不会受到推崇或重视，晋升无份。成为Ally
Mcbeal那样强悍且有水平的律师也不错，但是 你只有穿上超短裙看起
来很漂亮才会被人注重。拥有漂亮的身体是一种优势，但是我认为有
无数 的衣服能以职业的方式突显漂亮的身体。

罗杰：很多雇员最终收到了着装不合适的信息， 比如说牛仔、短
裤、暴露的上装等等。他们开始穿比较合适的休闲装上班。不过，穿
合适的休闲 装并不意味着不需要熨衣服，当然穿脏衣服也是不行的。
真该把这些人洗一洗，熨一熨!男同胞们，把你 们的衬衫扎进裤子里，
并且穿上袜子。

布里格斯：我在一家引进了商业规则的大 公司上班。公司对哪些
衣着能够接受和哪些衣着不可接受有规定。你会从中发现很典型的一
些规 定。不准穿蓝色牛仔，不准穿迷你裙，不准赤脚或露腿，诸如此
类。我同意杰西卡的说法。有常识的人都 知道该怎样寄着才能与自己
所工作的环境相适合。我生性随意，但是在办公室我会穿职业装。我
在公司大

楼里见过穿得很随便的人，他们在这种环境下显得很怪。

比尔：你忘了最重要的一点，那是他们自己的事情，是他们拿着
财政资源去冒险，如果生意不好的话，他 们会倾家荡产。他们给别人
提供就业机会，如此，他们就能制定规则，如果这些规则也包括了衣
着规定，那么那也是他们的权利。如果你喜欢别的衣着方式，那就自
己开公司。

答案及解析

61.E 62.F 63.D 64.G 65.B

61—65题解析略。

第四部分写作

Part A

66.范文

Dear Jane,

I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the
novel you were so kind to lend me last week.I read it every
day and planned to finish it next week. However, when I came
back home last evening,I couldn't find it.

1 will buy a new one for you. But I am afraid it can
never replace theold one. Old books are like old friends.
Once lost, they can never be replaced. They are connected
with cherished associations which the new ones can never have.
And for this irrecoverable loss,I feel really sorry.

Yours sincerely，

Wang Lin

Part B

67.范文

The death percentages of different causes in the city
during the last three decades have changed significantly. The
death percentage by traffic accident has the greatest change
from 7% in the 1970s t0 21% in the 1990s,while that of other

causes has declined sharply from 38% t0 25%.The other
killers-cancer and heart disease-have also increased steadily
by 6% and ll% respectively.

Thhese changes reflect the development of the city iIl
the last three decades. People travel more than they did
three decades ago, because they are more engaged in business
activities and social communications now. As a result,traffic
accidents increase. With better diet and longer life,diseases
like cancer and heart attack become bigger killers than other
kinds of diseases.