初中英语一般将来时和一般过去时

一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也 表示将
来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。
1）willshall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在
陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。will not=won't shall
not=shan't例如：
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?
明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next
month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going
to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报
告。
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的
时间状语连用。
Notice:be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或
计划。例如：
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观
安排）
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。
（主观安排）
5)现在进行时表将来时
下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时
and so on.
she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.
6.一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现
在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？
十分钟后。
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

3）在时间或条件句中。例如：
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来
后，让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给
你。
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离
开房间前，务必把窗户关了。


英语一般将来时的三要素
[第一要素]一般将来时的概述
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态， 也可以表示将来经常
或反复发生的动作。常常和表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，ne xt week，
in 2008等。
Li Lei will visit her grandmother tomorrow morning.
明天上午，李蕾将去看望她奶奶。

[第二要素]常见结构大比拼
1. “be going to＋动词原形”结 构用来表示按照主观意图打算或按计划，安排将要
做的事，有“打算、就要”的意思。也常用于表示从迹 象上表明将要发生的事情，
多指个人主观臆断的推测。如：Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 看这些云，
要下雨了。
2. “shall或 will＋动词原形”指对将来事物近期或远期的预见，表达个人主观意图
以及征求对方意见或表示客气 的邀请。在书面语中，shall多用于第一人称；在
口语中，will可以用于任何人称。如：I shallwill show my photos to you next
Monday. 我下周一给你看我的照片。

[第三要素]句型转换秀
1. “be going to＋动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将be的相应形式前移到句首，
即“AreIsAm ＋主语＋going to＋动词原形＋其它？”。其否定句是在be动词的
相应形式后加not.如：
（1）They are going to play football this afternoon.（肯定句）
（2）Are they going to play football this afternoon？（一般疑问句）
（3）They are not going to play football this afternoon. （否定句）
2. “shallwill＋动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将shall或will前移到句首，即
“ShallWill＋主语＋动词原形＋其它？”。其否定句是在shall或will后加not. 如：
（1）Our teacher will come back very soon. （肯定句）
（2）Will our teacher come back very soon？（一般疑问句）
（3）Our teacher won’t come back very soon. （否定句）

will和be going to的选用原则
1. 关于“打算”
原先作好的打算用“be going to”。
“Kate is in hospital.” “Yes, I know. I am going to see her this afternoon.”
“凯特在住院。”“是的，我知道。我下午要去看她。”
说话时即时的打算用“will”。
“Kate is in hospital.” “Oh, really, I didn’t know. I will go and see her
at once.” “凯特在住院。”“哦，是吗？我都不知道呢。我得马上去看她。”

2. 关于“预料”
在有迹象表明的情况下的预料用“be going to”
Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 你看天上的云。快下雨了。
My God! We are going to crash. 天哪！我们快撞车了。
在没有迹象表明的情况下进行的猜测用“will，be going to”皆可。
I think the weather will be nice.
I think the weather is going to be nice.
我想天会晴朗。
Do you think the car will start?
Do you think the car is going to start?
你想车能发动起来吗？
当动词表示内心活动时，表示猜测的句子必须用“will”
I think she will like the cake I made for her. 我想她会喜欢我为她做的蛋糕。

常和一般将来时连用的时间状语
表示将要发生的动作。
Perhaps I shall (will) pay a visit to France this winter.
我可能在今年冬天到法国观光。
We shan't (won’t) be free tomorrow. 我们明天没空。
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点你会在家吗？
The agreement will come into force next spring. 协议将在明年春天生效。

常用于此类情况的时间状语有：
1.表示未来的时间状语
tomorrow明天，next year明年，from now on从现在起，in a month一个月之
后，in the future将来，等。
2.包含现在的时间状语
today今天，this evening今天晚上，this week这个星期，this month这个月，
this year今年，等。


初中英语一般过去时知识讲解与训练
第一部分：知识讲解

1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时
间状语连用。一般过去 时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在
was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were放到句首。
3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句：didn’t +动词原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如：Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑问句：
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加- ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字
母，再加- ed，如：stop-stopped
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加- ed，如：study-studied
5．不规则动词过去式：
am,is- was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said
give-gave, get- got, go-went, come-came, have-had,
eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put,
make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank,
fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep- swept, buy-bought
swim-swam, sit- sat bring--brought can-could cut-cut
become-became begin-began draw-drew feel-felt find-found
forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew
learn-learnt （learned） leave-left let-let lose-lost
meet-met read-read sleep-slept speak-spoke take-took
teach-taught tell-told write-wrote wake-woke think-though
第二部分：练习
过去时练习：写出下列动词的过去式
isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________
play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________
worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________
put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________

一、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.

5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____
Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、句型变换。
There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：_____________________________________ _________
一般疑问句：___________ 肯定回答：___________否定回答：__________
2 They played football in the playground.
否定句：______________ __________________________________
一般疑问句：___________ 肯定回答：___________否定回答：__________
三、用所给动词的适当形式填满空白。
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What _____ she _____ (find) in the garden last morning?
She ____ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
9. It ____ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday 10. We all ___ (have) a good time last
night.
11. He _____ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 12. Helen ____ (milk) a cow on
Friday.
13. She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
14. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
15. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
16. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _____.
17. I _______ (watch) a cartoon on Monday. 18 We ____ (go) to school on Sunday.
19. It ____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ___ (go) to his office by
car.
20. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
21. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
22. What ____ you ______ just now? I _______ some housework. (do)
23. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
24. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)
25. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _____. (water)
26. She ____ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _____ (do) Chinese dances.
27. The students often _________ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
______ Mike do on the farm? He ________ cows. (milk)

参考答案

一、1 am 2 was 3 were 4 are 5 is 6 are 7 was 8 is was was were
二、1 略
2 They didn’t play football in the playground.
Did they play football in the playground?
Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
三、1 watch 2 read 3 went didn’t go 4 Did visit 5 Did fly did
6 pulled 7 swept didn’t 8 did find found 9 was 10 had 11 jumped
12 milked 13 reading read 14 is playing played 15 planted 16 Did sweep didn’t
17 watched 18 went 19 was went 20 put 21 clean cleaned 22 did do did
23 made 24 pick picked 25 Did water

did 26 is is doing 27 draw 28 does milks