叔梁纥怎么读-玲珑剔透
概念:在复合句中,由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。(在复合句中,
要
注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致。) 1.由when, while, ,just ,just
as, as,after, before, since, until, as soon
as,引导的时间状语从句。例如:
When you think you know
nothing, then you begin to know something.
当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了。
When truth
is buried under the ground ,it grows, it chokes,
it gathers
such an explosive force that on the
day it bursts out , it blows up
everything
with it.
当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量,
一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切!
Strike while the iron is
hot. 趁热打铁。
You can feel the air moving as
your hand pushes through it.
当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动。
Our headmaster
laughed as she spoke. 我们的校长边谈边笑。
主要时态:主现从不现;主过从四过;主将从现。
when, while和as的区别
when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词;动作既可以
和主句的
动作同时发生,又可以在主句的动作前后发生。并且when有时表示“就在
那时”。
例如:
When she came in, I stopped
eating.她进来时,我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词)
When I lived in the
countryside, I used to carry some water for him.
当我住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词)
We were about to
leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
While引
导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生
(或者相对应)。并且whil
e有时还可以表示对比。
例如: While my wife was reading the
newspaper, I was watching TV.
(was
reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生) 。
I like playing football while you like playing
basketball.
我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)
As表示“一边……
一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动
作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一
后。例如:
We always sing as we
walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边……一边”)
As we were
going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。
(as强调
句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间)
2.由before
和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式
的谓语,并且当befo
re引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意
主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将
来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引
导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时,则从句动词多用一般过
去时,这样以便体现动作发
生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和
从句的动作的时间关
系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如:
It will be
four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。
Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw
me.
爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
My father had left
for Canada just before the letter arrived.
我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。
They had not been
married four months before they were divorced.
他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。
After you think it over,
please let me know what you decide.
你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had
finished the work, we went home.
完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时)
3.由till或
until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,
但是在强调句型中多
用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词
时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的
谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都
可以,但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首,而
until可以放在句首。例如:
I didn't go to bed
until(till) my father came back.
直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
It was not until the
meeting was over that he began to teach me English
.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。
I worked until he came
back.我工作到他回来为止。
I didn't work until he came
back.他回来我这才开始工作。
Please wait until I
arrived.在我到达之前请等我。
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导
的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动
词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,
而主句的谓语动
词用现在完成时。但在It is
+时间+since从句的句型中,主句多用一般过去式。
例如:
I have been
in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you?
自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了?
It is four years since
my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四
年了。
It is five months since our boss was in
Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月
了。
5.由as soon
as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment,
the
instant, the minute,
等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一……就”。例
如:
I will go
there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I
hastened to the spot.
我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.
我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。
注意:hardly(scarcely,
rarely)…when before, no sooner…than相当于as
soon
as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely,
rarely和no sooner位于句首时,
主句应用倒装语序。例如:
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to
start on another
journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the
horizon than he got out
of bed to commence
work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。
Hardly had I sat
down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。
He had
hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on
his shoulder.
这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。
6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从
句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果从句的谓语动词用
一般现在时,主句的
谓语动词用将来完成时。例如:
By the time you came back, I
had finished this book.到你回来时,我已
经写完这本书了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have
finished this work.
你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every
time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如:
Each time he
came to Harbin, he would call on me.
他每次来哈尔滨,总
是来看我
Whenever that man says“To
tell the truth”, I suspect that he's
about to
tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了。
You
grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了。
8.由as long as和so long
as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“只要
“例如:
You can go
where you like as long as you get back before
dark. 你可
以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行。
I will
fight against these conditions as long as there is
a breath
in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况。
这是一般现在,一般过去,现在进行,过去进行,现在完成,过去完成,现在完成进行,一般将来,过去将来时的时间状语:
,usually----------
动词原型do,does,am,is, are
,last Sunday,in the
past-------动词过去式did,was,were
+doing
,at that time,-------was doing,were doing
从句,for 2 days,------have done,have been
+过去的某个时间点----had done,had been
7.与现在完成相似
-------have been+持续动词ing形式
8.一切表示将来的时间状语,in+一段时间-------将来要发生的一般性动作,
will,shall+原型
9.与一般将来时相似-----------would+原型
1. when、 as、 while引导的时间状语从句分析:
(1)
when引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”, when既可以指时间段也可指时间点,
从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词,
且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动
作之前或之后发生, 注意体会如下例句: I’ll
call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你
打电话。只要风一吹,
这门就吱嘎作响。他不再试了, 其实他可能下一次就成功。我回家时, 妻
子在做晚饭。
如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同, 而从句的谓语又是be动词时,
那么
从句中的主语和be可以省略; 当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时,
往往还可
以用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如: When (you are)
in trouble, ask her for
help.
当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。当我进入房间的时候, 我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。
(2)
while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”,
它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时
持续地进行,
用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,
或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中, 主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词, 例如:
Study while you study; play while you play.
该学习的时候就学习, 该玩的时候就玩。当我在
学校的时候我遇见了她。
(3)
as引导时间状语从句时表示“当……时, 一边……一边……”,
侧重表示两个动作同时
发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作),
或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如: He
jumps as he goes
along. 他边走边跳。我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。正当他下公共汽车时,
我看
见了他。刮风的时候噪声增大。
在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词:
1. _________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where
he has been.
2. _________ he was speaking,
everybody listened carefully.
3. I
saw her just _________ she was getting off the
train.
4. Have a good look at that man
_________ you pass him.
5. It was already
eight o'clock _________ we got there.
6. I
was about to go out _________ a visitor came.
7. We'll go to the country at the beginning
of June, _________ the summer
harvest will
start.
8. He learned to speak German
_________ he was in Berlin.
9. Henry is in
charge of the office ________ Mr. Smith is away.
10. I listen to the recorder _________ I
have time.
11. He had learned Chinese
_________ he came to China.
12. _________
the work was done, we sat down to sum up
experience.
13. I haven't seen him
_________ he moved to the other side of the town.
14. I waited ________ he came back.
15. It was not ________ he took off his eyeglasses
that I recognized him.
16. She likes
everything to be in place ________ she starts to
work.
17. The thieves ran away _________
they caught sight of the police.
18. They
decided to go back home _________ their money ran
out.
19. We played outside till sunset,
_________ it began to rain.
[考题4] — I’m
going to the post office.
— ____ you’re
there, can you get me some stamps? (1999)
A.
As B. While C. Because D. If
[答案] B
[解析] 主句中“get me some
stamps”的动作发生在时间状语从句“you’re there”的过
程之中, 因此应选wh
ile表示这一时间关系(属于while引导时间状语从句的两大基本用法之一)。
注意:
as有时也可用于表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的过程中,
但这一用法不是as引导时间
状语从句的主要用法,
表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中时用while更为常见, 因此
B选项是最佳选项。
[考题5] ____ the days went on, the weather got
worse. (1990)
A. With B. Since C. While D.
As
[答案] D
[解析] 表示“the days went on”、
“the weather got worse”两个相互伴随地进行变化
的动作,
应选as表示这一时间关系(while不适合用于这样的语境)。
[考题6] Tom
____ into the house when no one ____. (1992)
A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked
C. slipped; had looked D. was slipping;
looked
[答案] A
[解析]
题干当中的when表示“当……的时候”, slip表示“偷偷地、 悄悄地移动”,
在本题中表示非延续性的动作——“溜进了教室”的结果,
不适合用进行时态表示。第一个下划线
处应填入slipped,
以一般过去时客观描述在过去某一时间上发生的动作; look表示延续性的动
作, 可以持续进行,
所以第二个下划线处应填入was looking, 以过去进行时描述汤姆溜进教室
的大背景。
注意: 如果主句的动作发生于表示“当……时”的时间状语从句中的动作的进行过程中,
从
句常用进行时。例如: The landlady suspected that
someone must have broken into the
house
whenwhileas she was watching TV show.
女房东怀疑在她看电视时曾有人闯入屋里。在
汤姆看书的时候, 吉姆被逮捕了。
[考题7] I ____ along the street looking for a place
to park when the accident
____. (2006安徽)
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C.
was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
[答案] C
[解析] 根据题干句子含义, 事故发生于当我沿街行驶、
寻找停车之处的时候;
从句的动
作发生在主句动作的过程中。主句的谓语动词go表示非延续性的动作, 可以持续进行,
应选用过
去进行时的形式, 从句的谓语动词为非延续性动词, 应以一般过去时的形式表结果。
2. before和after 引导的时间状语从句分析:
before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前,
after引导时间状语从句时
表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如: See me
before you leave. 在你离开之前来见我。
在驾驶公共汽车之前,
他们必须通过专门测验。在我抵达之后, 我见到了他们。在他走后, 我找
到了他的笔。
[考题8] He was told that it would be at least three
more months ____ he could
recover and return
to work. (2007江西)
A. when B. before C. since
D. that
[答案] B
[解析]
表示“他康复并返回工作岗位之前至少还需要三个月”, 下划线处应选用before。
[考题9] It was some time ____ we realized the truth.
(2005山东)
A. when B. until C. since D. before
[答案] D
[解析] 题干意为:
过了一段时间我们才意识到真相。下划线处应填入表示“在……之前”
的连词。
[考题10] — How long do you think it will be ____
China sends a manned spaceship
to the moon?
— Perhaps two or three years. (2006福建)
A. when B. until C. that D. before
[答案] D
[解析] 下划线处所在的宾语从句采用一般将来时,
题干中第一句话问将来某一活动之前的
时间, before最为适合。
[考题11]
— Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting?
— He rushed out of the room ____ I could say a
word. (2006四川)
A. before B. until C. when D.
after
[答案] A
[解析] 根据题干中第一句话的提示,
第二句话中的“he rushed out of the room”发生于
“I could
say a word”之前。
3. till和 until
引导的时间状语从句分析:
till和
until这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同,
一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用
until的形式, till在口语中更为常见)。till和
until引导时间状语从句时跟主句里肯定形式或
否定形式的、
表示延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“到……为止”, 跟主句里否定形式的、
表示
非延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“直到……才(开始)”, 例如: Walk till
you come to a
white house.
一直走到一座白房子为止。我们一直等到他回来后才讨论问题。
[考题12] It is
difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____
we’ve actually
had that lesson. (2007天津)
A. until B. after C. since D. when
[答案] A
[解析] 题干的句子可以直译为: “在我们一生中, 学到某个教训是困难的,
直到我们真
正经历了这个教训为止。”
[考题13] A good
storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’
curiosity ____
he reaches the end of the
story. (2003上海)
A. when B. unless C. after
D. until
[答案] D
[解析]
讲故事的人应该始终抓住听众的好奇心,
本题应选用表示“到……为止”(跟主句里
肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用)的until
表示这一时间关系。
[考题14] I don’t really work here; I
____ until the new secretary arrives.
(1994)
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
[答案] C
[解析] “I don’t really work
here”表明说话人只是临时前来帮忙, “until the new
secretary
arrives”表明说话人, 工作到新秘书就任为止, 本题应选用表示“到……为止”(跟
主句里
肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用)的until表示这一时间关系。
[考题15]
They ____ the train until it disappeared in the
distance. (1998)
A. saw B. watched C.
noticed D. observed
[答案] B
[解析]
题干中的主句为肯定句, until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词
连用,
因此本题应选表示延续性动作的watched(其他选项中的saw, noticed,
observed所表示
的动作都不能延续, 意味着结果)。
[考题16] —Was
his father very strict with him when he was at
school?
—Yes. He had never praised him ____
he became one of the top students in his grade.
(2003北京春)
[答案] C
[解析]
until跟主句里否定形式的、 表非延续性动作的谓语动词连用时,
表示“直到……
才(开始)”, 本题应选until与主句中的“never
praised”对应, 表示“他的父亲直到他成为年
级里的尖子生之一时才开始称赞他”。
[考题17] “You can’t have this football back
____ you promise not to kick it at
my cat
again,” the old man said firmly. (2006广东)
A.
because B. since C. when D. until
[答案] D
[解析] 题干中的直接引语较为复杂, 根据“promise”的提示,
该直接引语应表示一种假
设, 意为: 你将不能拿回这足球, 直到你承诺不再把它踢向我的猫。
4. since引导的时间状语从句分析:
since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”, 其用法主要有两种:
(1)
现在完成时的主句+since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。例如: He hasn’t
been home since he graduated.
他毕业后没回过家。他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。我成为研究
生已经有2年了。It was
three years since we had been there. 我们在那儿已呆了三年。
注意: since做介词时也表示“自从……以来”, 其具体用法有两种情况:
(1) since+表示过去某个时间点的词汇(如具体的年、 月、 日期、 钟点)。
例如: They have been friends since childhood.
他们从幼时起一直是好朋友。She’s
been skiing since
childhood. 她从幼时起就开始滑雪。I have been there many times
since
the war. 自那次战争以来, 我曾去该地多次。
(2)
since+表示一段时间的词汇+ago。
例如: I have been here
since five months ago. 五个月以来我一直在这里。
[考题18] — What was the party like?
—
Wonderful. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so
much. (1993)
A. after B. before C. when D.
since
[答案] D
[解析] since表示“自从……以来”。
[考题19] They ____ friends since they met in
Shanghai. (1989)
A. have made B. have become
C. have been D. have turned
[答案] C
[解析] 题干中的since表示“自从……以来”,
主句中的谓语动词应该表示从他们在上海
相遇至今的持续性的动作,
因此下划线处应填入可以表示持续性状态的have been(其他选项中的
made、
become、 turned所表示的动作都不能延续, 意味着结果)。
Key:
1. When 2. While When 3. as 4. whenas 5. when 6.
when 7. when 8. while 9. while
10. whenever
11. before 12. After 13. since 14. tilluntil 15.
until 16. before 17. as
soon as 18. before 19.
when
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