时间状语从句的引导词

时间状语从句的引导词
when, before, after, as, while, tilluntil, since，
whenever
时间状语从句的用法
时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思不尽相同，要注意
把握不同的时 间状语从句的引导词所表示的不同时间关系，
以及它在具体句子中对应的对应时态、语态等问题。
1. when、as、while引导的时间状语从句分析：
(1) when引 导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”，
when既可以指时间段也可指时间点，从句中既可用短暂性
动词又可用延续性动词，且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生
又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。
注意体会如下例句：
I’ll call you when I get there.
我一到那里就给你打电话。
When the wind blows, all the doors rattle.
只要风一吹，这门就吱嘎作响。

When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回
家时，妻子在做晚饭。
如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相
同 ，而从句的谓语又是be动词时，那么从句中的主语和be
可以省略;当when引导的时间状语从句的 主语与主句主语
相同时，往往还可以用“when+分词”的形式替代该状语从
句。例如：
When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help.
当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。
When I came into the room (=When coming into
the room), I found him lying there asleep.
当我进入房间的时候，我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。
(2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当……的时候”，
它强调主句的动作与从句的动 作同时持续地进行，用于这一
用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须
是 延续性动词，或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程
中，主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词，例 如
Study while you study; play while you play.

该学习的时候就学习，该玩的时候就玩。
I met her while I was at school.
当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。
(3) as引导时 间状语从句时表示“当……时，一边……一
边……”，侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进
行两个动作)，或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。
例如：
He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。
I slipped on the ice as I ran home.
我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。
As the wind rose the noise increased.
刮风的时候噪声增大。
[考题1] I had just steeped out of the bathroom
and was busy drying myself with a towel ____ I heard
the steps.
A. while B. when C. since D. after

[考题2] He was about halfway through his meal ____
a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
[考题3] We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly
the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
[考题4] — I’m going to the post office.
— ____ you’re there, can you get me some
stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
[考题5] I ____ along the street looking for a place to
park when the accident ____.
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
2. before和after 引导的时间状语从句分析：
before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从
句动作之前，

after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句
动作之后。例如
See me before you leave. 在你离开之前来见我。
Before they drive any of the buses, they will have
to pass a special test.
在驾驶公共汽车之前，他们必须通过专门测验。
I saw them after I arrived.
在我抵达之后，我见到了他们。
I found his pen after he has left.
在他走后，我找到了他的笔。
[考题6] He was told that it would be at least three
more months ____ he could recover and return to work.
A. when B. before C. since D. that
[考题7] It was some time ____ we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
3. till和 until 引导的时间状语从句分析：

till和 until这两个 词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相
同，一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用until的形式，till在 口
语中更为常见)。例如：
Walk till you come to a white house.
一直走到一座白房子为止。
We didn’t discuss the problem until he came back.
我们一直等到他回来后才讨论问题。
[考题8] It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life
____ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
[考题9] A good storyteller must be able to hold his
listeners’ curiosity ____ he reaches the end of the
story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
[答案] D
[解析] 讲故事的人应该始终抓住听众的好奇心，本题应
选用表示“到……为止”(跟主句里肯定形式 的表延续性动作
的谓语动词连用)的until 表示这一时间关系。

[考题10] I don’t really work here; I ____ until the
new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
[答案] C
[解析] “I don’t really work here”表明说话人只是
临时前来帮忙，“until the new secretary arrives”表明说
话人，工作到新秘书就任为止，本题应 选用表示“到……为
止”(跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用)的
until表 示这一时间关系。
4. since引导的时间状语从句分析：
since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从……以来”，其用
法主要有两种：
(1) 现在完成时的主句+since引导的一般过去时态的
时间状语从句。例如：He hasn’t been home since he
graduated. 他毕业后没回过家。 They have been
friends ever since they were in grade school. 他们从小
学起就一直是好朋友。 What have you been doing
since I last saw you? 自我上次和你见面以后，你在做什么?

(2) It be(主句中谓语用一般式 和用完成式区别不大，后
者更具强调意味)+表示一段时间的词汇+since引导的时间
状语 从句。例如：It is two years since I became a
postgraduate student. 我成为研究生已经有2年了。It
was three years since we had been there. 我们在那儿已
呆了三年。
注意：since做介词时也表示“自从……以来”，其具体
用法有两种情况：
(1) since+表示过去某个时间点的词汇(如具体的年、
月、日期、钟点)。
例如：They have been friends since childhood. 他
们从幼时起一直是好朋友。She’s been skiing since
childhood. 她从幼时起就开始滑雪。I have been there
many times since the war. 自那次战争以来，我曾去该地
多次。
(2) since+表示一段时间的词汇+ago。
例如：I have been here since five months ago. 五
个月以来我一直在这里。

[考题11] They ____ friends since they met in
Shanghai.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D.
have turned
[答案] C
[解析] 题干中的since表示“自从……以来”，主句中
的谓语动词应该表示从 他们在上海相遇至今的持续性的动
作，因此下划线处应填入可以表示持续性状态的have
b een(其他选项中的made、become、turned所表示的动
作都不能延续，意味着结果) 。
[考题12] — What was the party like?
— Wonderful. It’s been 2 years ____ I enjoyed
myself so much.
A. after B. before C. when D. since
[答案] D
[解析] since表示“自从……以来”。
①.when当......时候引导的时间状语从句，其动词既 可
以是延续性动作的动词，也可以是瞬间性动作的动词,如：

_________ the students heard the teacher's
footsteps, they all stopped talking.
当学生们听到老师的脚步声时，他们都停止了讲话。(从
句动作发生在前)
② as当. ......时候或一边.......一边引导的时
间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的，而且侧重表 示主句和
从句的动作并相发生：
We were having breakfast __________ she was combing
her hair.
她梳头时我们在吃早饭。
③ while表示在某一段时间里或在……期间，其所
引导的 从句的动作是延续性的，并侧重表示和主句的动作同
时发生。如：
I can learn ________ I work.
我可以边工作边学习。
用when, as, while填空：
________ you came in, I was talking with a few boys.

It started to rain __________ we were playing
outdoors.
They talked _________ they walked down the river.
__________ it was raining, the students were
playing basketball.
Her brother watched TV__________ he ate supper.
(4) before引导的时间状语从句，指时间上的在……
之前
I'll be back _____________.
你离开之前我就会回来。
(5) as soon as表示一……就，做题要注意主将从现
As soon as we __________ (get) there, he
___________ (tell) us the news.
我们一到那，他就会告诉我们那个消息。
(7) since引导的时间状语从句，从句的谓语动词通常
为一般过去时，主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时

We __________ never __________ (meet) since we
___________ (graduate) from the college.
大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。
(8) tilluntil引导的时间状语从句 till和until同
义，作直到……时(为止)解，ti ll多用于非正式文体，
until多用于句首;not … until通常与after进行转换。
如：
I won't go with you until(till) I finished my
homework. =_________.
等我做完作业我才和你一起去。