状语从句(原因,目的,时间,地点)

状语从句
本质——用不同的连接词将主句与一个或几个分句连接起来，以表达主句与分 句之间的逻
辑关系。
连接词
主句
逻辑关系

时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式

时间状语从句
用来说明主句动作与从句动作发生时间上的先后关系
类型
时间
状语
从句
常用连接词
when, while,
as, before,
after, since,
till, until,
as soon as
特殊连接词 重点
分句
名词：the moment, the instant, 主句从句的时态搭
the minute, the day, next time, 配，
everytime 延续性动词与非延
副词：instantly, 续性动词的区别
immediately, directly
连词：no sooner?than,
Hardly?when, scarcely?when

1. when引导的时间状语从句可以理解为“当??的时候”
主从句都是过去时态
时态搭配
主从句都用现在时态
主句将来时态
从句现在时态

辨析
The performer will already have played the music when we get there.
The performer will be playing the music when we get there.
是否可以用while来替换?
It is challenging for a company to remain inter-nationally competitive while the global
economics are receding.

※when, while, as 用法的区别
when相当于at that time，引导的状语从句中谓语动词可以是延续性的也可以是非延续性的
while，as相当于during that time, 引导的状语从句中谓语动词通常是延续性的
随着英特网变得日益商业化，网络的使用对商人们非常有利。
As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to
universalize access.
公司很难在经济衰退的环境下保持自身的国际竞争力。
It is challenging that commercial organizations remain globally competitive, while the
economics is receding.
2. before, after 引导的时间状语从句
before 可理解为在??之前，after 可理解为在??之后
主从句时态可明显体现动作的先后顺序
We should do everything for what we want before it is getting too late.
He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for 20 dollars worth of gambling.
3. since，until 引导的时间状语从句
用since引导

后发生
先发生
从句中的动作
后发生且
用until引导
非延续

主句中的动作
先发生并
且一直持
（1）since
从句中的非延续性动词可以表示一个时间点。
I have worked in this company since I graduated.
He has written to me since I fell ill.
而由since引导的状语从句中如果出现延续性动词的一般过去式，表示该状态结束的时间点
I have worked in this company since I was a student.
He has written to me since I was ill
辨析
He hasn’t contacted me since I worked in that company.
He hasn’t contacted me since I have worked in that company.
since引导定语从句中谓语动 词是延续性的，那么一般过去时表示动作结束的时间点，完成
时表示动作开始的时间点。
（2）until
状态+until+时间点
状态可以用延续动词表示，非延续动词的否定形式表示。

He had to stay abroad until the World War II came to the end.
He couldn’t return his homeland until the World War II came to the end.
※not…until…结构
常用的否定词还包括never, hardly, scarcely, rarely
not…until…
正常结构
Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth century.
until置于句首
Until about the middle of the eighteenth century, ice cream did not reach America.
not…until…置于句首（倒装）
Not until the 1982 Convention was adopted, could the argument be made that there existed
adequate and comprehensive maritime treaty law as such for the larger part of the world
community.
4.表示“一?就?”的结构
（1）引导词
as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute
从句动作先于主句动作
no sooner…than..., hardly…when…, scarcely…when…
主句动作先于从句动作
It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
5. 其他短语引导的时间状语从句
介词短语at the time, during the time, by the time
其中by the time常与过去完成时与将来完成时连用
He had already left by the time they arrived.
He will already left by the time they arrive.
名词短语next time, every time, the day, for the first time
In the classic children’s tale, the puppet Pinocchio’s nose grows longer every time he tells a
lie.
The first time I can actually remember hearing it—in public anyway, was when Prince
Charles was leaving Australia by boat.

二 地点状语从句
1引导词 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Where they occur, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental
form.
Everywhere they appeared, there were ovations.
2 wherever引导地点状语从句表达一种强调的语气，要与让步状语从句进行语义上的区分
Wherever your school is located, you will be met by the Foreign Affairs Officer at the final
point of the journey.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
A driver should slow down where there are schools.
People prefer to work where they can fully display their talents.

三 原因状语从句


表原因
连词 because, for, as, since
介词 because of, due to, owing to
可以表示原因，但不能做从句连接词
其他 in that
seeing (that), now (that), considering
(that), given (that)
not that…but that…
inasmuch as, insomuch as, in as much as


1 because, for, as, since
（1）because 语气最强，只有because 才能回答why的提问，只有because才能用only,
just, perhaps修饰
Perhaps because most of today’s cross- cultural marriages occur because of “true
love”, these couples work hard to overcome their difference.
because的否定转移
主 句是否定的情况下，because引导的从句可能是按正常情况理解即否定主句谓语，
也可能是按否定 转移来理解（否定从句），具体如何理解要结合上下问进行语义分析。

He doesn’t exercise because he likes to.
A. He likes to exercise by himself.
B. He exercises for reasons other than enjoyment.
C. He’s glad he doesn’t have to exercise.
D. He doesn’t have enough time to exercise.

In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it
was; nor because she had more readers was Ella Wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father
Hopkins.

（2）as, since, for 语气较弱，常用来表示众所周知显而易见的原因。其中for不能用于句
首。
As Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be closed.
It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
Since you are an English major, I guess you can help me with this sentence.
since常译成“既然”，放在句首，for则不用于句首。

2 because of, due to, owing to 引导的表示原因的短语
介词短语后面只能接名词或名词性短语，不能引导从句
其中owing to常置于句首，due to则不能置于句首
We had an accident because he was careless.
We had an accident due to his careless.
Owing to his careless we had an accident.

because of 依然遵循否定转移的规律
The conference’s purpose is to demonstrate that we’re all continuing to focus on the
economy as the president promised to do when he came into office and that means not sitting
around and patting yourself on the back because of the unemployment and inflation rates
being low.
It has long since been satisfactorily established that a high executive does not have a large
vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position.
3 复合连词表示原因
in that 引导的从句放在主句后，而起主句通常在做比较
English has an advantage over most of the other languages in that it has become, so to speak,
an international language.
E-mail is different from the traditional mail in that it sends and receives mails in a second.
Mercury differs from other industrial metals in that it is a liquid.
seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), given (that)
用法与意义都与since相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的含义
They did the job very well, considering that they had no experience.
Given that they are inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.
not that…but that… 不是因为?而是因为?
I haven’t finished the report yet, not that I’m lazy, but that I have no time.
inasmuch as, insomuch as, in as much as, in so much as表示原因，常用于极为正式的场合
Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for
peace are still remote.
四 目的状语从句
常用的连词

so that, in order that, that
引导词

其他连词 lest, for fear that, in case
in the hope that, on purpose that,

for the purpose that, to the end that
1 在so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句中常常含有情态动词，如 maymight,
cancould, should
Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and
infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way” so that younger, healthier people can
realize their potential.

They carved the words on the stone so that in order that the future generation should
remember what they had done.
We climbed high (so) that we might get a better view.
目的状语从句一般位于主句后，但若要强调目的，也可提前。

2. lest（以防），for fear that（生怕）, in case （万一）
都包含否定含义，可以用in order that…not来替换
引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词一般用should，且should常常可以省略
Scientists should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights
misinformation go unchanged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.
What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly
as once they could, for fear that they be thought pushing acquisitive and vulgar.

3 目的状语从句的简化
可运用不定式简化目的状语从句
in order that——in order to do 可以置于句首
so that——so as to do 不能置于句首
that——to do
In order to measure matter we must have units of weight, volume and length.
All the key words in the article are printed in bold type so as to attract reader’s attention.
They carved the words on the stone in order for the future generation to remember what they
had done.