初中英语 时间状语从句与时态专项

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英语时间状语从句讲解与练习 引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when
（当……时）， while（在……期间），as（当……，一边……一边……），before
（在……之前），af ter（在……之后），since（从……以来），tilluntil（直到），
whenever （无论何时），as soon as（一……就）等。如： When I went into the
classroom, he was reading. 当我走进教室时，他正在看书。 He read a
newspaper as he went along. 他边走边看报纸。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们必须趁热打铁。
I will tell you after they leave. 等他们走后我再告诉你。
I told him to come back whenever he wants to. 我告诉他什么时候想回来就回来。
I waited tilluntil she was back. 我一直等到她回来。
Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时间一旦失去就再也得不到了 注意：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而
要用相应的一般现在 时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。如：
I’ll telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。
She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她说她一到达那里就给我电
话。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 等车停稳后才下车。

when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法
这三个词的意思很简单，都有“当……时候”的意思。但学生经常会问 三个词的区
别在哪儿，特别是在做选择题的时候。别说是学生，就我个人而言，做这样的选
择题 要保证百分之百的正确也是不可能的。现根据大量的实例和个人的思考，做
一点小结，供大家参考。
一、when 的用法
如果只从现象来看，when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时，而主句的时态没有限
制,根据具体情况而定。
1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.
他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时，我正
在看书。
3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？
4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。
5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.
他正要走，这时有人敲门。
6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候，我也想
到了。
7. I had hardly[scarcely] closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
根据以上的例句，我们可以总结出一点：when 从句的A事件，相当于另一个事
件B发生的时间点。也就是说，when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态，而
只是把它作为一个时间点，所以when 多数情况下用的是一 般过去时，则不用正
在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时，它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。< br>根据这一点，有的文章补充说：when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也

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可以参照。 实际上，when 从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不用进行时，
因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如：
1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离
开了。
2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.
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当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?
你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？
4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.
下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。

二、while 的用法
相比于when 来说，while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。while 从句的侧重点在于
描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思是：当while 事件正在发生的时候，另一件
事如何如何。所以，while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有
硬性的要求，根据具体情况而定。例如：
1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。
2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。
3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。
4. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home.
约翰坐在那里咬指甲时，我正在制定一个回家的计划。
从时间的角度来看，while 表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。这是while 的侧重
点。因此，如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候，就可以用while。
6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
这句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时间，赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变
了，相当于说铁只热了一下，打一下，然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。
再例：
—I’m going to the post office.
—While you’re there, can you get me some stamps?

三、as 的用法
as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从
句不同的是，as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。as 从句一
般可以翻译成“边……边……”。例如：
1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.

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当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
2. The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。
3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来
越兴奋。
4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound.
当他抓住球的时候，有一种撕裂的声音。
as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as 只是一个次要的时
间说明，不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻译成“随
着……”之意。
例如：
1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。
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2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.
随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.
随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生，as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算
是特例了。
1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying.
伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫喊。
2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正当我们出门时，雪开始下起来。
3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡觉，他进来了。

四、when, while, as 的互换
如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句 动作为延续性动词时，when，while，
as 可以互换使用。这种情况下，它们的细微区别恐怕连英、美人自己也说不清
了。
1. When While As we were dancing, a stranger came in.
当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 [dance 为延续性动词]
2. When While As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.
当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 [make为延续性动词]
3. WhileWhen As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the
bank.
我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。

五、比较while, when, as
1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如：Just as Just when When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
我刹车后，有一个人向我走来。
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或
while。 例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

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干完活后，你可以休息一下。
3）从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。
例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越
坏。
2）比较until和till
此两个连词意义 相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延
续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至 某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性
都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动 词该用肯定式还是
否定式。
肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。
区别：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
例如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
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3）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。例如：
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
4）Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。
例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。
5）It is not until… that….
例如：It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
6）表示“一……就……”的结构
hardlyscarcely…whenbefore, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示“一……
就……”的
意思。
例如：
I had hardly scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。
例如：
Hardly Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

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六、练习：在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词
1．_________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.
2．_________ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.
3．I saw her just _________ she was getting off the train.
4．Have a good look at that man _________ you pass him.
5．It was already eight o’clock _________ we got there.
6. I was about to go out _________ a visitor came.
7．We’ll go to the country at the beginning of June, ______ the summer harvest will
start.
8. He learned to speak German _________ he was in Berlin.
9. Henry is in charge of the office ________ Mr. Smith is away.
10. I listen to the recorder _________ I have time.
11. He had learned Chinese _________ he came to China.
12. _________ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience.
13. I haven’t seen him _________ he moved to the other side of the town.
14. I waited ________ he came back.
15. It was not ________ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.
16. She likes everything to be in place ________ she starts to work.
17. The thieves ran away _________ they caught sight of the police.
18. They decided to go back home _________ their money ran out.
19. We played outside till sunset, _________ it began to rain。
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20. __________ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up. 21. They
were about to leave ______ it began to rain. 22. He always stay in bed ______
lunch time.
23. I like playing tennis _________ my younger sister prefers watching ball games.
24. _________ I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you. 25. _______
she grew older, she became more responsible.
Key:
1. When 2. While When 3. as 4. whenas 5. when 6. when 7.
when 8. while 9. while 10. whenever 11. before 12. After 13.
since 14. tilluntil 15. until 16. before 17. as soon as 18. before 19.
when 20. As soon as 22. until 23. while 24. While 25.
As
一、英语中不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,
这种动词形式称 作动词时态。动作或状态发生的时间可以有现在、过去、将来和
过去将来四种，而发生的方式也有一般、 进行、

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1、 一般现在时态：
a. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作
b. 现在的特征或状态
c. 普遍真理
d. 有些表示状态和感觉的动词。
如：be, love, like, hate, want, hope, need, prefer, wish, know, understand, remember,
believe, guess,
belong, seem, look, have, sound, sound, taste，smell, touch, feel等常可用于一般现
在时态。 e. 表示未来的时间状语从句或条件状语从句用一般现在时态。
f. 一般现在时态还用在布告、天气预报、报纸、电台。（says）掌握一般现在时
态，还请记住下列
单词或词语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (morning, week), every
other day每隔一天every three days, once (twice) a week (month, year), in the
morning
g. 表示按计划或时刻要发生的事情
2、 一般将来时态：
a. 表示将要发生的动作或情况。
b. 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事情。掌握一般将来时态
的用法，请记住下列
单词和短语。
In three days (an hour, half a year), next week (Monday, month), tomorrow, this
afternoon (evening, coming Saturday-)，soon, some day, tonight, 等等。
3、 一般过去时：
a. 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（惯性的动作）
b. 在谈到已死人的情况时多用过去时态。
c. 有些情况，发生的时间不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生过的，应当用过去时
态。
（1） 接到你的信很高兴。I was glad to get your letter.
（2） 最后的比分怎么样？What was the final score?
（3） 你觉得他们的表演怎么样？How did you like their performance?
（4） 我没想到你这样忙。I didn’t know you were so busy
（5） 我以为你出去了。I thought you were out.
（6） 我没想到在这里碰到你。I didn’t expect to meet you here.
（7） 你说什么？What did you say??
掌握一般过去时态的用法，请记住下列单词或短语：
last + 时间点；时间段 + ago； yesterday, just now,
the other day (前几天)
4、 过去将来时：
表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情。
5、 现在进行时：

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a. 表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。
b. 在不少情况下，表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子，并没有“正在”这样的字，
在翻译英语时必须
用进行时态。例：
(1) 工作进行的怎么样？How are you getting on with your work?
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(2) 风挺大（下雨了）It’s blowing hard. (raining)
(3) 你等谁？Who(m) are you waiting for?
c. 在一般现在时态中所列的表示状态和感觉的动词，一般不能用于进行时态，
因为它们不能表示正
在进行的动作，但是如果词义转变，表示一个正在进行的动作，就能够用于进行
时态。
试比较：





d. 去向性动词的现在进行时可以表示将要发生的动作。但这仅限少量动词，如：
go, come, leave,
start, arrive, return等
e. 在there和here引起的句子中，常可用一般现在时态代替现在进行时态：
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.汽车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.铃声响了。
f. 在某些情况下, 两种时态都可以。
（1） Dose your leg hurt? (Is your leg hurting) 腿疼吗？
（2） My back aches. (My back is aching) 我背疼。
6、 过去进行时：
a. 表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作：
b. 过去进行时和一般过去时的差别是前者表示正在进行的动作，而后者表示一
个完成的动作。例：
（1）I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小说（可能没有看完）
（2）I read a novel last night. 昨晚我看了一本小说。（可能看完了）
7、 现在完成时：表示现刻以前发生的动作或情况，可以是：
a. 到现在为止的这一时期中发生的情况（可能是多次动作的总和，也可以表示
状态和习惯性动作） b. 对现状有影响的某一发生的动作。
c. 但有一个表示过去某时的状语（包括when）时，不能用现 在完成时，而多用

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一般过去时。 d. 当有一个表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时，多用现在完成时。
e. 在有already, yet, just, ever, never, since--, for + 一段时间，by now,
in the past (last) few years, so far, 强调“多少”，“多久”等词的情况下用现在完成时
f. 在单纯谈一个过去的动作，不涉及其他对象的影响时，通常用一般现在时；如
果谈论一件已经发
生的事情，不考虑它是何时发生的，而主要考虑对现在的影响，则多用现在完成
时。例： Did you get up very early？你起来的早吗？
Has he got up? 他起来了吗？
注意：have been to 去过某个地方，已返回
have gone to 去某个地方了
have been in 去了某地多久（在某地多久）
8、 过去完成时：
a. 表示过去某时前已经发生的动作或情况（也可以说是“过去的过去”）
b. 在很多情况下没有明显的时间状语，时间由上下文表示出来，这是过去完成
时表示的动作较另一
动作先发生。
c. 应当记住，过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是过去的过去。只有在和
过去某时或动作相比
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较时才用到它。
在包含when, as soon as, before, until, now, that等连词的复合句中，如果主要谓语和从句谓语表示的过去动作是在不同时间发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去
完成时。但如果两个 动作紧接着发生，则通常不用过去完成时。特别是在包含
before和after的复合句中。

三、时态综合练习：
1. ________ the actor ________ (speak) German well? 2. The old lady
____________ (go) home from the supermarket when I saw her the other day. 3.
He ____________ (lend) you this calculator as soon as he _________(finish) his
maths exercises. 4. The train ____________ (come), can you _________(see) it?
5. He _________ (tell) me that he__________ (go) to see his twins in Beijing the next
Saturday. 6. Sorry. I __________ (keep) you ________ (wait) so long. 7. Don’t
let the little girl_________ (go) alone. It’s too late. 8. He_____________ (walk)
with a camera in the street when I________ (see) him yesterday. 9. She
_______________ (not write) a report at 2:00 yesterday afternoon. She
___________(write) a
letter to her parents. 10. My aunt ______________(travel) a lot last year. 11.
When the people in Athens ___________ (learn) the good news, they_______ (be)
proud of themselves. 12. Dick _______(jump) into a large hole as soon as he
_______(see) the bear. ship _________just_________ (return) from the South
Pole. The scientists _______________
(collect) much information. 14. I ___________ (receive) his letter since last year.

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15. How many times _________ he _______ (read) the book.? 16. He
____________ (live) in the north for three years. Now he_________(be) used to cold
weather. 17. Mother ________ already __________(buy) a bottle of Shampoo, but
she ____________ (not got) any
drinks yet. 18. They__________ (go) camping if they _________ (be) free
tomorrow. 19. Close your books. I ____________ (ask) you some questions.
20. We ____________ (leave) secondary school in a month. 21. I________ (not
see) you for a long time. Where ______ you ________(be)? 22. We
_____________(make) friends since we began to study at middle school.
23. Look! The students of Class Three _____________ (have) a test in computer
science. 24. The summer holiday_________ (come) soon. The
students_________(think) of traveling. 25. Where ___________ (be) your monitor?
He ___________ (read) in the classroom. 26. Listen! Who____________ (sing)?
27. Where ___________ (be) Liping? He____________ (go) home. 28. We
_________ (plant) trees in spring every year. 29. Mary ____________already
_______ _ (finish) her work. Now she is playing the violin.
30. My sister teaches in a mountain village. She ________ (work) very hard.
31. Many people in the world ________ (speak) English fluently. 32.
Everyone________ (enjoy) the Spring Festival especially the children. 33. I
________ (see) Mr and Mrs Green off at the airport tomorrow. students
________ (borrow)books from the library once a week.
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35. He ________ (write) a report for the newspaper last night. 36. We ________
(build) a new big theatre next month.
37. It was eight in the evening. Xiaoling ________ (do) his homework.
38. Light __________ (travel) more quickly than sound does. 39. If he
____________ (forget) to bring his key, he won’t be able to get into the room. 40. I
_________ (throw) the broken glass away already. 41. It’s quarter to eight. The
students _________ (hurry) to school. 42. We _______ __(visit) Shanghai Car
Show this coming Sunday. _____you ______ (join) us?
( 1 )

1. The doctor__________ out my bad tooth just now. 2. Rose __________here
now. Perhaps she ___________ to the school library. 3. When they __________the
station yesterday, the train ________ already __________. 4. We often
____________ a recorder in our English class.

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1. They promised (答应) they________ more careful the next time.
2. Computers _________the life of everyone in the coming future.
3. The meeting_________ until the headmaster ________.
4. He ___________ me he would come back soon.
5. Listen! The bell____________.

( 3 )
1. Keep silent! The students _____________ an English lesson.
2. This time last year Tom and Jack ___________ in Europe.
3. It’s a sunny day again! It ___________ for quite a long time.
4. There __________ no one in the reading room a few minutes ago.
5. The foreign friends watched the children ___________ pictures with great
interest.

1. Mary ___________ doing her homework already.
2. Mr White __________ Pudong New Area soon.
3. The workers____________ the factory at that time.
4. The machines ___________ on show for a month.
5. Sound ___________340metres a second in the air.
6. He often _________ up early when he was a boy.

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(5) 1. Mike ___________ me with my physics tonight. But I don’t know why he
hasn’t come yet. 2. It _________ hard when he __________ me up. 3. Mike
and John’s room ____________ over there. 4. ----What ________ you
________ a moment ago? ----I___________ a picture a moment ago. 5. Liping
and Zhonghua usually __________water for Grandma Wang in the
afternoon. 6. The youngest girl _________ here. I don’t know where she
_________.

(6)

1. Mother _____________ back in a few minutes. 2. What ________you
_________ this time yesterday? 3. We______________ ourselves last Sunday.
4. My father ___________ in this factory since 1976. 5. Listen! Who
______________ in the next room? 6. I will tell her as soon as her___________
back. 7. Don’t make any noise, please. My father ___________ now. 8. He

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___________ quit a few friends since he came here.
(7) 1. How long does it ________the earth to make a trip around the sun? 2. We
__________ some foreigners around the Science Museum tomorrow. 3. Liping
isn’t here. He ___________ TV in the next room. 4. The football game began
when we ___________ supper. 5. They __________ each other before. 6.
There__________ a short break after this class.
(8)










1. Mr Smith______________ at school since 1990.
2. Mr White ___________ to some parents when I _________him.
3. A group of foreigners __________ their school next year.
4. I was surprised _________her on the train.
5. --What __________last night?
--Some thieves ___________ into the house and the TV set ________.

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