考点清单一 时间状语从句

考点清单一 时间状语从句

一、when, while和as
l、 when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，司用于主句和从旬动作同
时 发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如：
When I lived there，I used to印to the seashore on Sund8ys
我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
When the film ended，the people went back
电影一结柬，看电影的人便回去了。
当when引导的时间状语从旬为系表结构，而且其主语 和主句的主语一致，其表语
又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。 如：
As a young man(=When he was a young man)，he Was fond of hunting他年轻时，喜欢
打猎。
2、 从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working
别人在工作时，别高声谈话。
3、 从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，目译为“一边……，
(一He hurried home，looking behind as he went
他匆匆忙忙回家去，一边跑一边回头望。
As time goes on，it’s getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。
4、 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正
在进行 的动作，此时when，while与as可互换使用。如：
When／While／As 1 was walking down the street，I came across an old friend of the
sourer.
当我梧大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个朋友。
[题组训练]用when，while，as填空：
① I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the
store．
② John arrived, 1 was cooking lunch.
③ he grew older, he lost interest in everything except gardening
④ How CSB he get good grades 11e won’t study?
⑤ I was wandering through the sweet l caught sight of a tailor's shop.
二、 as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，
no sooner．．．than．．．，hardly／ scarcely．．．When…和once（……就……）
这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的 动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译
为“……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。如：
The moment 1 heard The voice，I knew father was coming
我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
我们刚到车站，火车就离站了。
The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother

那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。
注意：NO sooner than…；hardlyscarcely…when…这一结构的时态搭配：no sooner
与 hardly／scarcely引导的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly／scarcely提到句首时，应用倒
装语序。如：
I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
我们刚到家就下起雨来。
[题组训练]英译汉：
⑥ They phoned immediately they reached home.

⑦ No sooner had she seen him than she smiled.

⑧ I want to see her the moment she arrives.

三、till．until和not…until
1、 肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性 动词，王旬、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作
一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：
He remained there until she arrived．
他一直等到她来。
You may stay here until the rain stops.
你可在这里待到雨停。
2、 否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从旬为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某
时间才开始”。如：
He won’t go to bed till／until she returns.
直到她回来他才睡。
3、 till可以置于句首，而until可以。如：
Until you told me I had no idea of it.
直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
4、 not．until句型中的强调和倒装用法：
直到你告诉我我才知道这件事。
① It Was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.（强调句型）
② Not until you told me did I have any idea of it(not until置于句首，主句要倒装)
[题组训练]句型转换：
I didn’t leave until she came back
⑨ she came back 1eave
⑩ not until she came back I .
四、before和since
1、 若表达“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才… …；还没来得及”时，需用
连词before。如：
We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land
我们航行了4天4夜才看到陆地。
We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired

我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.
我还没来得及插话他就给我量好了尺寸。
2、 before从句中谓语不用否定式。如：
Before they reached the station，the train had gone
他们(还没)到火车站前，火车已开走了。
3、 It will be+一段时间+before…多久之后才……。如：
It will be half a year before I come back.
还得呆半年我才能回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.
没多长时间我们就会见面了。
4、 since从句的谓语动词一 般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反
复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一 般过去时，相应的，王句中的时态是现
在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：
I have written home four times since I came here.
自从我来到这儿，我给家写了四封信。
She has been working in this factory since she left school.
她离开学校以来，就在这个工厂工作。
5、 在“It is+一段时间+since从句” 句型中，时间的计算一律从since从旬的动作完成
或状态结束时算起。如：
It is three years since the war broke out 自战争爆发以来有三年了。
It is three years since I smoked a cigar （= since I stopped smoking a cigar)
我不吸烟有三年了。
如果泽成“我吸烟有三年了”。应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.
[题组训练]英译汉：
⑾ It is three years since she was in our class．

⑿ It is three years since he lived here．

五、 every time，each time，next time，the first time，any time．au the time等名词短语
用来引导时间状语从旬，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。如：
Every／Each time I was in trouble．he would come to help tm out.
每当我处于困境，他就来帮助我。
Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把儿子带来。
The last time she saw James，he was lying in bed．
上次看见James的时候，他正躺在床上。
[题组训练]选择when、before、since或until填空：
⒀ Few people win pay full attention to their health they get certain incurable
disease.
⒁ Let me take down what you have said I forget.
⒂ It n18Y take ten years or more the scientists can find a cure for AIDS.
⒃ It is several weeks my father got drank lam time.

⒄ We were chatting happily on the Internet
⒅ Three years had passed——I knew it.

the light went Out.
考点清单二 地点状语从句和原因状语从句

一、地点状语从旬
1、 引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体 地点时，从句可用于主句之
前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从旬须放在主句之前。如：
We should go Where the Pa晰needs US most
我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。
You are free to go wherever you like
你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
Where there is a will．There is a way．有志者，事竟成。
Wherever there is smoke is smoke．there is a fire.
无火不生烟。（无风不起浪）
2、注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：
你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。
You’d better make a mark where you have any questions（状语从句）
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions．(定语从句)
二、原因状语从句
1、 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because，as，since，now that seeing that，considering
that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。
区别
位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调
项目
Because 因为 主句前或后
as由于 主句前或后
直接因果关系
双方都知道
的原因
强 能 能
弱 不能 不能
sincenow that
主句前
既然
如：
一Why are you absent from tile meeting?
——你为什么开会缺席?
一Because I am ill
——因为我病了。
As it is raining，we shall not go to the park
由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。
Now thatSince everybody is here，let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧。
2、此外，when还表示原因，意为：since；considering that既然；考虑到，如：
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes 既
然你步行5分钟能到那里，却打的，真够愚蠢的。
3、 其他表示原因的方式

除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样町以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of，
thanks to，due to，owing to等。
此外，并列连词for加分句也可表示原因，for引导的分句对前面的内容补充说明。
He doesn’t know about it．for he didn’t see the film. 他不了解此事，因为他没有看过
这部电影。
[题组训练] 单项填空：
① After the war, a new school building was put“P there once been a theatre
A、that B、where C、which D、when
② I have kept the portrait I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my
university days in London.
A、which B、where C、whether D、when
③ that my head had cleared，my brain was also beginning to work much better.
A、For B、Now C、Since D、Despite

常考点清单三 目的状语从句和结果状语从句
一、目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in ease，lest等。
1、in order that与so that
两个连词意为“以便……；为了……”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that
比so that正式，引导的状语从旬可置于主句之前或者之后，而so that引导的从旬只能置
于主句之后。如：
I’ll speak slowly so that you call understand me
我会慢慢说以便你能懂。
In order that we might see the sunrise，We started for the peak early.
为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。
2、for fear that，in case与lest
这些从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用（ should+）动词原形，它本身带
有否定意义，相当于so that…not…或in order that not 6如：
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case／for fear that his father should see him.
那个男孩把自己藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。
Take your raincoat in case／lest it should rain.
带上雨衣以防下雨。
二、结果状语从句
1、 引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that，so… that…，such that。在非正式语体中，
由so that，such that引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：
so+形容词／副词+that从句
so+形容词+a／an+可数名词单数形式+that从句
so +manymuchfewlittle（少）+名词+that从句
such +a／an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句
such +形容同+可数名词复数形式不可数名词+that从句
such +a lot of／lots of+名词+that从句

如：
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him = Mike is so honest a worker that
we all believe him
麦克如此诚实，以至于我们都相信他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park
天气如此晴朗以至于我们都想去公园。
He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.
他挣这么少钱，以至于不能维持家庭生活。
当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。如：
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out a11 the difficult problems
他是如此聪明的学生以至于成功地解出了所有难题。
[题组训练]用适当的连词填空：
① It is not surprising that little worms eat little grain
② Can you believe that in rich country there should be many poor people?
③ He is——smart a boy that I like him very much.
2、 除结果状语从旬外，too…to…（太……而不能……），enough to …（达到某种程度
可以…)，so…as to…（那么至于…）等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如：
他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。
He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus = He got up too late to catch the bus
= He got up so late as to miss the bus.
[题组训练]句型转换：
He is so young that he can’t join the army.
④ He is to join the army.
⑤ He is to join the army.
⑥ He is so young join the army.

常考点清单四 条件状语从句和方式状语从句
一、条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从屈连词有：if, unless (= if not，除非)，soas long as（只要），
in case（万一），on condition that（条件是），supposesupposing （假设，如果），provided
that（如果）等。如：
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard（=if you don't study nard）
除非你努力学习，否则你考试不会及格。
As long as you don’t lose heart. you will succeed
你只要不灰心，就会成功。
Suppose／Supposing(that)they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help?
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还会求助谁?
In case there is a fire，what will we do first?
万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么?
二、方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句
之后。其中as if或fits though引导的从句 一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况

很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。如：
Do as you are told to, or you’ll be fired.
告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则就解雇你。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
这位老太太对街这个男孩就像他是她自己儿子似的。
I feel as if I have a fever.
我感觉好像感冒了。

常考点清单五 让步状语从句和比较状语从句
一、让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：
1、 althoughthough（尽管、虽然），even though／even if（ 即使）although与though
两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与vet，still或n evertheless连用，但不能和but
连用。如：
He is unhappy，thoughalthough he has a lot of money
虽然他很有钱，但并不幸福。
AlthoughThough it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。
Even though／if it is raining．We’ll go there.（陈述语气）
即使下雨，我们也要去那里。
Even if 1 were busy，1 would go．（虚拟语气）
即使我忙，也得去。
注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。如：
He said he would come；he didn’t，though
他说他会来，可是没有来。
2、 as或though引导让步状语从句倒装的情况
as或though从句一般放在主 句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词
原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠 词。如：
Child as he is．he knows a lot．
尽管他是孩子，懂得很多。
Much as I like it．1 won’t buy it，for it's too expensive
虽然我很喜欢，但不会买的，因为它太贵了。
Try as he might．he could not find a job．
不管他怎样努力，还是找不到工作。
注意：though引导的从旬也可以像as引导的从旬 一样用倒装语序，但是although引导
的从句只能用正常语序。注意比较下面的说法：
（√）Smart though／as she is，she doesn’t study hard
（√）Though she is smart，she doesn’t study hard
（√）Although she is smart，she doesn’t mud，hard
（×）Smart although she is，she doesn’t study hard
（×）As she is smart，she doesn’t study hard
3、 whether or(不管……还是……)；疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词(不管……；无

论……)。如：
Whether you believe it or not，it is true.
不管你相信与否，那都是真的。
Whatever（=No matter what）you say，he won't believe you.
无论你说什么，他不会相信你的话。
Whoever you are（= No matter who you are），you must obey the rules
无论你是谁，你都要遵守规则。
注意：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句。如：
You call take whatever you like（宾语从旬）
4、 when, while还可作从属连词，相当于although。
Suddenly, she stopped short when she ought to have continued.
尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。
While I admit that there are problems，I don’t agree that they cannot be solved
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
[题组训练]不定项填空：
① I’ll be your true friend， happens
A. whatever B. no matter what
② I see him，be is busy with his research work
A. Wherever B. No matter when
③ He liked reading very much he went，he took a book with him
A. Wherever B. No matter where
④ difficult the problem may be, I’ll work it out by my self．
A. However B. No matter how
⑤ I won’t let you in， you may be.
A. whoever B. no matter who
⑥ leaves the room last should remember to turn off the light.
A. Whoever B. No matter who
⑦ I’m too busy to buy you a present，so you call use the money I give you to buy
you like
A. whatever B. no matter what
⑧ I’ll give the ticket to really wants to see the film。
A. whoever B. whomever C. no matter who
二、比较状语从句
参看专题三：形容词和副词的比较等级部分。

常考点清单六 状语从句的紧缩现象
一、时间状语从句中常见的紧缩形式
Don’t speak until spoken to.
有人对你说话时你再说。
While in Beijing, I paid to the Summer Palace.
在北京时，我参观了颐和园。
I prefer my milk little sweetened whenever possible.

可能的话，我喜欢牛奶甜点儿。
As a young man，Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster．
亚伯拉罕·林肯年轻时当过零售店店主和邮政所所长。
He often makes mistakes when speaking English
说英语时他经常出错。
She always sings while doing her work
她干活时总是唱歌。
二、条件状语从旬中常见的紧缩形式
Come tomorrow if possible．
可能的话就明天来吧。
If so，you must go back and get it.
如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。
I’ll buy a TV set if necessary. 如有必要，我就买一台电视机。
The girl never gave in unless wrong．
这女孩不会屈服的，除非她错了。
Unless repaired，the machine is of no use．
这台机器如不修便毫无用处。
三、方式状语从句中常见的紧缩形式
Some flowers shut up at night as if (they did this in order) to sleep有些花夜间收拢，好
像为了睡眠一样。
She stood at the gate as if (she was)waiting for someone 她站在门口好像在等人。
The woman teacher left the classroom silently as though f she was) angry．这位女教师
一言不发离开教室．好像生气了。
The inspector looked round, as if (he was) in search of some- thing这位稽查员四处张
望，好像在寻找什么。
四、其他状语从旬中的紧缩形式
Though cold，he still wore a shirt
天气虽然冷．但他仍然穿一件衬衫。
Being blind，he couldn’t see anything
他瞎了，什么东西也看不见。
Fill in the blanks with articles where necessary．
在需要的地方填上冠词。
[题组训练】补全下列被紧缩的句子：
① Pressure can be reduced when needed.

② Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

③ He was a swimmer when child.

④ He has no money．If any，he would give us.

⑤ If in need．don’t hesitate to ask me for money.

⑥ Jane seemed as if good at everything.