2状语从句

状语从句
概述
1. 状语从句有九大类：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、
方式。
本质上说，状语从句就是用不同的连词将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间
的逻辑关系。
I’ve bought my umbrella in case it rains.
I’ve bought my umbrella because it rains.
I’ve bought my umbrella so that I don’t get wet.
I’ve bought my umbrella even though it’s not raining.
You don’t need an umbrella unless it’s raining.

学习状语从句的关键是要掌握引导九类状语从句的有关连接词。

2. 状语从句的省略
在同时满足一下两点的情况下：1）当主句的主语和从句的主语一致： 2）从< br>句谓语中含有be动词。可将从句的主语和be动词省去。这种省略主要常见于时
间、地点、条件 、及让步状语从句。
a. Metals expand when (they are) heated and contract when (they are) cooled.
b. When (he was) a student in the university, he read a lot.
c. While (he was) waiting, he took out a megazine to read.
d. A tiger can’t be tamed unless (it is) caught very young.
e. When I was ten years old, my family moved to city.
两个主语不同，故从句不可用省略形式。

一》时间状语从句
1. 时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来
a. I will speak to him when he arrives.
b. I will tell him about it when he comes back.

2. when
意思相当于：at the time(在……时刻)， 从句谓语动词通常是短暂动词，表示某
一时刻的动作。注意主句和从句的事态
a. When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
b. When I got there, he had already left.
c. When I got there, he left the office,.

从句也可接延续动词，这时从句往往用过去进行时态，表示某一时间段内发生的
动作。
d. The doorbell rang when I was telephoning.

3. while
意思相当于：during that time(在…期间)，表示某一时间段内发生的动作，因此，
从句谓语动词通常只接延续动词。
a. The phone rang while I was taking my bath.
b. The doorbell rang while we were watching tv.


4. until
1）当主句谓语动词是延续动词时，通常用肯定形式。
a. Wait until he comes back.
b. We’ll stay here till it stops raining.
c. Until I came back, he was waiting for me at my home.
2）若主句谓语动词是短暂动词，则要用否定形式。这就是我 们常说的
“not…until”（直到……才）的结构。
a. I did not realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
b. Icecream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth century.
c. I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
d. He didn’t leave the office until his boss came back.
3)until置于句首：
a. Until he saw his mother, the little boy didn’t smile.
recently I began to learn what had happened.
4) 我们还可以把not…until 变成倒装句型：
a. Not until 12 o’clock last night did I go to bed.
b. Not until his boss came back did he leave the office.
5）强调结构：
was not until he saw his mother that the little boy smiled.
was not until recently that the exact time of dying was important.
注意：
1）until 后接的动词常是短暂性动词。
2）在not until倒装结构中，需部分倒装的是主句中的谓语动词，而非从句
中的谓语动词。
Not until she had arrived home did she remember her appointment with the
doctor.
3)倒装结构演化成强调结构时，则主句谓语不再采用倒装形式。
was not until she had arrived home that she remembered her appointment
with the doctor.

5. 表示“一……就……”
1)表示“一……就……”的连词有：as soon as, once, immediately, the moment,the
minute,the instant,directly,instantly。 这些连词后面通常都是接短暂动词，表示一
点动作。
a. We will leave as soon as it stops raining.
b. Once it stops raining, we will leave.

c.
d.
e.
f.
It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.
It began to rain immediately I arrived home.
It began to rain the moment I arrived home.
You see the lightning________it happens,but you hear the thunder later.(97-1
CET-4) A. the instant B. for an instant the instant D. in an
instant.

6. by the time
by the time 意思是“在…之前”，强调的是“一个动作在另外一个动作之前已经
完成，因此，与by the time 搭配的主句要用完成事态。
a. By the time they arrived, we had already left.
b. By the time they arrive, we will have already left.
2）hardlyscarcely…when, no sooner …than. 主句多用过去完成时，且常倒装，从
句用一般过去时。
a. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
scarcely had I arrived home when it began to rain.
sooner had we begun having dinner than the doorbell rang.
6. 表示时间的短语引导的时间状语从句
有一些表示时间的短语也可当做连词来用，引导时间状语从句：next time，by the
time，every time，the day， the week等。
A．The day he returned, his father was already dead.
B. Next time you come, remember to bring along your sister.
C. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
注意：by the time ：在…之前，强调的是“一个动作在另外一个动作之前完成”
因此by the time后边接从句，而与其搭配的主句要用完成时态。
A．By the time they arrived, we had already left.
B. By the time they arrive, we will have already left.
二． 地点状语从句
1. 通常由where引导
a. Stay where you are.
b. After you finish the book, put it where it was.
c. A driver should slow down where there are schools.
d. The tree of this kind grows favorably where it is wet.

2. 也可由whereever、anywhere和everywhere引导地点状语从句。
a. Wherever he happens to be, Clint can make himself at home.
b. Everywhere they appeared, there were ovations.

3. 地点状语从句有时含有条件意味。
a. Where there is a will, there is a way.
b. Wherever there is water, air and earth, there is vegetation.
c. Wherever there is love, there is also wealth and success.

三．原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句最常用的连词由：because, for, as, since.
1. Because
1）语气最强， 只有它才能回答why 引导的问句。 所引出的原因往往是听话人
所不知道的或最感兴趣的原因。
a. You want to know why I am leaving? I am leaving because I’m fed up with the
job and boss.
b. My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
2）它可与强调词only、just 连用。
a. Just because I don’t complain, people think I’m satisfied.
b. You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.

2. Since
表示人们已知的事实、不须强调的原因。 所以常译为“既然”，通常放在主
句前边。
a. Since Monday is Bob’s birthday, let’s throw him a party.
b. Since everyone is here, let’s get started.
c. Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?
d. Since we don’t have class tomorrow, why not go out for a picnic?
e. Since you are sleepy, you might as well go to bed.

3. As
As 与since用法差不多， 所引出的理由在 说话人看来已经明显，或译为听
话人所熟悉而不需用Because加以强调,说明因果关系，着重点在 主句，翻译
成“因为”
a. She didn’t hear us come in as she was asleep.
b. I left a message as you weren’t there.
c. As Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be closed.
d. I have to speak english with them, as the guys I live with don't know any
Chinese.

4. For
表示推断的理由，是对前面分句的内容加以解释或说明。通常放在主句的后
边。
a. The days are short, for it is now December.
b. It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
c. It must be morning, for the birds are singing.
d. Pay attention to your enemies, for they are the first to discover your mistakes.
其他复合连词表示原因
1）seeing（that），now（that），considering （that），given that表示“鉴于，考
虑到”
Now that you are sixteen, you can get a driver’s license.
Given that they are inexpericed, they’ve done a good job.

2)in that 表示“原因就在于…”其引导的从句在主句后边，而且主句通常是在做
比较。
The girl is like her mother in that she also has very delicate feeling.
四． 目的与结果状语从句
1. 目的状语从句常见引导词
主要有：so that， in order that。 从句中常含有情态动词will、would或can、
could。
a. I turned off the Tv so that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.
b. We climbed high so that (in order that )we could get a better view.
2. 结果状语从句常见的连接词
主要有：so…that, such…that,从句中一般不带情态动词，且从句都要放在主句
之后。
a. Sensible Sam: I saw you pushing your bicycle to work this afternoon.
Foolish Fred: Yes, I was so late that I didn’t have time to get on it.
b. The food is so bad in the school cafeteria that flies go there to lose weight.
c.
3. 注意下句中such 和so 的用法区别：（重点掌握！）
So 后边只接加形容词，such 要先接冠词a（n）
a. He is such a good teacher that everyone likes him.
b. He is so good a teacher that everyone likes him.

Such 可修饰不可数名词， so不可：
c. It was such nice weather that we went to the beach.
d. It was so nice weather that we went to the beach. *（这句话是错误的）
但可以说：The weather was so nice that we went to the beach.

Such 可修饰复数名词，so不可
e. He got such heavy boxes that he couldn’t carry them by himself.

So 可与many, much, few, little搭配， such不可。
f. I made so many mistakes that I failed the exam.
g. He has so few friends that he is always lonely.
h. He lost so much money that he didn’t dare to go home.
i. I had so little trouble with the test that I left half an hour early.

五．条件状语从句
条件从句由下列词引导
If，unless, suppose(that), supposing (that), on condition that,
providingprovided(that), so long as, as long as,
a. If it rains tomorrow, I will take my umbrella.
b. Don’t worry about mistakes you may make in conversation, so long as you can
make youself understood in English.

c. I may lend you the book on condition that you return it to me in time.
d. I will agree to go provided that my expenses are paid.

六．让步状语从句
1. 常见的让步状语从句的引导词
主要有： though， although，even though， even if
注意：主句前不可用but， 但可用yet、still
a. Though although he tried hard,(yetstill)he failed.
b. Although I didn’t know anybody at the party, I had a very good time.

2. 介词表示让步
（al）though 是连词，后边只接从句（有时是省略形式的从句），而despite，in
spite of, for all 是介词，后边只接名词（短语），不接从句。
a．Though he was inexpericed, he did a very good job.
=In spite of his inexperience,
c. Although it was dangerous,…=Despite the danger…
d. Though the weather was bad,…=In spite of the bad weather,…

3. while 位于句首，一般表示“尽管…”,引导让步状语从句。
a. While I sympathize with your point of view, I can not accept it.
b. while he has time, it doesn’t mean he has capasity and patience.

4. As 引导的倒装句，表示让步。
句型：adj+ as +主语+谓语
a. young as he is, he is knowlegeable.
b. Poor as he is, he is kind and honest.
前置的也可以是：名词或副词。例如：
c. Much as respect him, I can not agree with him.
d. Hard as he tried, he failed the exam again.
e. Child as he is , he is knowledgeable.

七．比较状语从句
1. 引导词as
1） 结构1：“as+形容词或副词+as”
a. The work is not as difficult as you think.
b. Eyes are as eloquent as lips(are).

2) 结构2：“as+形容词+a（n）+可数名词单数+as”.
a. Americans tend to think from small to large. Let us take as simple an example as
the addressing of envelopes.

c. I didn’t finish as large a part of the work as he did

d.
2. 引导词Than
1）应是两个同类事物才能比较，如：he和I。不是两个同类事物是无法比较的
a. He is taller than I (am).
b.. The weather of the south is wetter than that of the North.
2)在有than 的比较句子中，主句中必须有比较级形式出现。
a. he has made greater contributions to the company than any one else.

3. The more… the more…
a. The more she practiced, the worse she sang.
b. The higher you go, the less dense air becomes.

八．方式状语从句
方式状语从句表示主句动作的方式， 引导词有：as，as if，as though，the way
等。
a. when in rome , do as the Romans do.
b. Do as you are told.
c. Do as I say, not as I do.
d. Do it the way you were taught.
e. He acted as thoughas if he had nothing to do with it..
补充：
一、时间状语从句

1．Hardlyscarcely…when, no sooner…than.主句多用过去完成时，且常倒装，从
句用一般过去时。
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Hardly scarcely had I arrived home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we begun having dinner than the doorbell rang.
2. 有些表示时间的短语也可当做连词来用，引导时间状语从句：next time，by the
time, every time, each time, the day, the week等。
a. The day he returned, his father was already dead.
b. Next time you come, remember to bring along your sister.
c. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
Once 和the moment 都表示一……就。其中the moment 表示动作已经发生，once
表示动作还没有发生。
--Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
--Yes,I gave it to her _____I saw her.
moment ly

二、原因状语从句
1.引导原因状语从句的其他复合连词
1）seeing (that), now(that), considering(that), given(that),与since相近，他们都有“鉴
于某个事实，考虑到…”的意思。

a. Seeing that it’s raining hard, we’ll have to stay here for the night.
b. they did the job very well, considering that they had no experience.
c. Given that they are inexperienced, they’ve done a good job.
D. Now that the semester is finished, I’m going to rest a few days and then take a trip.
2) in that 基本意思是 “原因就在于…”, 其引导的从句要放在主句后边，而且主
句通常是在做比较。
a. The girl is like her mother in that she also has very delicate feeling.
Lhasa is unique _________ it is the highest city in China.
A. on that
B. for that
C. in that.
D. So that
三、目的状语从句
1）lest, for fear(that), in case, 也可引导目的状语从句， 有时含有否定意义，可以
翻译为“以免，以防，生怕…”
a. Take an umbrella with you lest it should rain.
b. people evacuated the building for fear that the wall should collapse.
四、结果状语从句
To the degree(that), to the extent (that), to such a degree (that), to such an extent(that).
当他们位于句首表强调时， 主句需倒装。
1，To such an extent did his health deteriorate that he was forced to retire.
2，To such an extent ________ his empty speech that some of us began to doze.
A. did he go on with B. he would go on with C. he went on with D. he did go on
with
五、表示“倍数比较”的三种句型
英语中，除了用than，as来对两个事物进行比较外， 还可以用times来表示，比
如说A 是B的三倍长
a. A is thee times the length of B
b. A is three times longer than B
c. A is three times as long as B.
Americans eat ______ as they actually need every day.
A. twice as much protein
B. twice protein as much twice
C. twice protein as much
D. protein as twice much